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Urban street dynamics: Assessing the relationship of sidewalk width and pedestrian activity in Auckland, New Zealand, based on mobile phone data 城市街道动态:基于手机数据评估新西兰奥克兰人行道宽度与行人活动的关系
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241293659
I-Ting Chuang, Qingqing Chen
This study empirically examines the adequacy of sidewalk widths in Auckland’s Central Business District in light of increasing active mobility and sustainable urban planning trends. Recognising the need to retrofit street spaces to prioritise pedestrians, we aim to determine whether current sidewalk dimensions meet the diverse requirements of users. We analysed average sidewalk widths and developed four mobility metrics – inflow and outflow travel distance, and density of visitors and locals – using a large-scale mobile location dataset comprising 113 million data points from 1.4 million users. These metrics, reflecting urban vibrancy and sidewalk use, were correlated with sidewalk widths to assess their adequacy. Furthermore, we applied cluster analysis to these mobility metrics, along with the diversity of Points of Interest, to categorise sidewalk segments, uncovering intricate usage patterns. Our findings indicate that sidewalks typically range from 2 to 5 m, catering to varied urban needs. Notably, we observed no direct correlation between sidewalk width and mobility patterns, but significant differences in inflow and outflow travel distances were evident, especially between key urban hubs and quiet residential neighbourhoods. Moreover, we identified seven distinct sidewalk categories, each reflecting unique qualities, suggesting that uniform widths do not define sidewalk utility or character. This highlights the need to rethink current capacity-focused sidewalk design, advocating for a nuanced approach that addresses the intricate demands of urban spaces. Our methodology offers flexibility and can be tailored to suit different urban contexts, providing a versatile tool for urban analysis and planning.
本研究从实证角度考察了奥克兰中央商务区人行道宽度的充分性,考虑到日益增加的主动流动性和可持续的城市规划趋势。我们认识到需要改造街道空间以优先考虑行人,我们的目标是确定当前人行道的尺寸是否满足用户的不同需求。我们分析了平均人行道宽度,并利用140万用户的1.13亿个数据点组成的大规模移动位置数据集,开发了四个流动性指标——流入和流出的旅行距离,以及游客和当地人的密度。这些反映城市活力和人行道使用情况的指标与人行道宽度相关,以评估其充分性。此外,我们将聚类分析应用于这些移动性指标,以及兴趣点的多样性,对人行道分段进行分类,揭示复杂的使用模式。我们的研究结果表明,人行道通常在2到5米之间,以满足不同的城市需求。值得注意的是,我们没有观察到人行道宽度与交通模式之间的直接相关性,但流入和流出的旅行距离明显存在显著差异,特别是在主要城市枢纽和安静的住宅区之间。此外,我们确定了七个不同的人行道类别,每个类别都反映了独特的品质,这表明统一的宽度并不能定义人行道的效用或特征。这凸显了重新思考当前以能力为中心的人行道设计的必要性,倡导一种微妙的方法来解决城市空间的复杂需求。我们的方法具有灵活性,可以根据不同的城市环境进行定制,为城市分析和规划提供了一个通用的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Hello, stranger? How attraction trumps interaction in ‘new’ public space 你好,陌生人吗?在“新”公共空间中,吸引力如何胜过互动
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241295974
Sverre Bjerkeset
Chance interaction among diverse strangers is a much-celebrated feature of urbanity. The rise in privately owned and managed public spaces, tending to displace people, activities and exchanges that may threaten business interests, has thus raised broad concerns. However, how such ‘new’, high-profile public spaces of the neoliberal or entrepreneurial city differ from ‘traditional’, everyday ones in terms of spontaneous encounters, is not well covered in the ever-growing public space research. Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Oslo, Norway, this article explores the occurrence of peaceful chance interactions among strangers in ‘new’ public space. In the two examined urban squares, representing ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ public space, strangers interact on a regularised versus an episodic basis, reflecting major differences in ‘contact-supporting circumstances’. A close reading of the pertinent scholarly literature indicates that these findings have a broader significance. The article’s key contribution is the detailed documentation and conceptualisation of basic circumstances that distinguish a ‘new’ from an ordinary, everyday public space with regards to chance interactions. Herein, the study points to an important shift in urban governance and planning since the 1980s. A market-led notion of attractiveness in the physical and social environment takes centre stage in prestigious urban developments, at the expense of the disordered exchanges of everyday life.
不同陌生人之间的偶然交往是城市的一个备受赞誉的特征。因此,私人拥有和管理的公共空间的兴起引起了人们的广泛关注,它们往往会取代可能威胁商业利益的人、活动和交流。然而,新自由主义或创业型城市中这种 "新 "的、引人注目的公共空间与 "传统 "的、日常的公共空间在自发相遇方面有何不同,这在不断增长的公共空间研究中并没有得到很好的阐述。本文以在挪威奥斯陆进行的长期人种学实地调查为基础,探讨了在 "新 "公共空间中陌生人之间偶然发生的和平互动。在所考察的两个分别代表 "传统 "和 "新 "公共空间的城市广场上,陌生人之间的互动是经常性的还是偶发性的,这反映了 "支持接触的环境 "的重大差异。对相关学术文献的仔细阅读表明,这些发现具有更广泛的意义。文章的主要贡献在于详细记录和概念化了 "新 "公共空间与普通日常公共空间在偶然互动方面的基本差异。研究指出,自 20 世纪 80 年代以来,城市治理和规划发生了重要转变。在著名的城市发展项目中,以市场为主导的物质和社会环境吸引力概念占据了中心位置,而日常生活中的无序交流则成为了牺牲品。
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引用次数: 0
Zoning a productive city? A typology of clustering, diversity and specialisation in Melbourne’s urban industrial areas 规划一个富有生产力的城市?墨尔本城市工业区的集群、多样性和专业化的类型学
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241297839
Carl Grodach, Nícolas Guerra-Tão
This research focuses on identifying the nuanced land use dynamics of urban industrial zones. Industrial lands in major Western cities have undergone significant change in the face of increasingly competitive property markets. At the same time, many countries seek to reshore manufacturing and support local industrial activity amid changes in production technologies, global supply chain shocks and geopolitical insecurity. Yet policymakers often fail to seriously consider the contemporary character of industrial zones and research has yet to analyse this in a systematic way. In response, we employ k-means cluster analysis to develop a typology of industrial zones in Melbourne, Australia. The typology captures a range of industrial zone clusters, which vary by industry mix, specialisation and spatial pattern. While some clusters represent traditional industrial areas, others are highly diverse in terms of firm and employment mix encompassing service sector activity and specialised manufacturing industries. These variations underscore the limitations of traditional zoning frameworks focused predominately on use separation and point towards the need for more responsive and context-specific urban economic development and industrial land use policies.
本研究的重点是识别城市工业区细微的土地利用动态。面对竞争日益激烈的房地产市场,西方主要城市的工业用地发生了重大变化。与此同时,在生产技术变化、全球供应链冲击和地缘政治不安全的情况下,许多国家寻求制造业回流,支持当地工业活动。然而,政策制定者往往未能认真考虑工业区的当代特征,研究也尚未对此进行系统分析。作为回应,我们采用k-means聚类分析来开发澳大利亚墨尔本工业区的类型。该类型学捕获了一系列工业区集群,这些集群因行业组合、专业化和空间格局而异。虽然一些集群代表传统的工业区,但其他集群在企业和就业组合方面高度多样化,包括服务部门活动和专业制造业。这些差异突出了主要侧重于用途分离的传统分区框架的局限性,并指出需要更有针对性和具体情况的城市经济发展和工业土地使用政策。
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引用次数: 0
The (re)enchantment of suburbia: Mediation of the production and consumption of Melbourne’s outer suburbs 郊区的(再)魅力:墨尔本远郊生产与消费的中介
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241293042
Nicholas A Phelps, Ashraful Alam
Contemporary suburban landscapes have developed at scale, in variety, at speed and with ethnic concentrations or superdiversity. These complexities call for the reworking of urban theory and method. In this paper we contribute on both fronts. We develop an interpretative framework that emphasises the mediation of the production and consumption of new suburbs. Methodologically, we analyse on-site billboards as ‘technologies of enchantment’ that provide insight into the symbolic mediation of the production and consumption of new suburbs. We visually inspected 114 billboards and 38 active residential developments in the City of Wyndham – a rapidly growing suburban municipality in Australia. Our research sheds empirical light on how increasingly standardised production and consumption by an increasingly varied profile of residents are reconciled in the symbolic (re)enchantment of suburbanism as a way of life. Our findings indicate the value of future research into: ways of life in systemically produced suburbs; the agency needed to fashion community in extensive mass produced suburbs; and new forms of consumer society-related alienation in suburbia.
当代郊区景观的发展规模大、种类多、速度快,而且具有种族集中或超级多样性的特点。这些复杂性要求重新构建城市理论和方法。在本文中,我们将在这两方面做出贡献。我们建立了一个解释框架,强调新郊区生产和消费的中介作用。在方法论上,我们将现场广告牌作为 "魅力技术 "进行分析,从而深入了解新郊区生产和消费的符号中介。我们对澳大利亚发展迅速的郊区城市温德姆市的 114 个广告牌和 38 个活跃的住宅开发项目进行了目视检查。我们的研究揭示了日益标准化的生产和日益多样化的居民消费是如何在象征性地(重新)迷恋郊区生活方式的过程中实现协调的。我们的研究结果表明了未来研究的价值:系统化生产的郊区的生活方式;在大规模生产的郊区形成社区所需的机构;以及郊区与消费社会相关的疏离的新形式。
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引用次数: 0
The complexities of smartification: Exploring horizontal tensions in smart city governance 智能化的复杂性:探索智慧城市治理中的横向张力
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241298607
Desirée Enlund, Katherine Harrison
Smart cities build on visions for using technology to optimise various infrastructural functions andãmake city management more efficient, sustainable, and reliable. However, scholarship on smart cities has drawn attention to how data-centric planning simplifies the complexity of the urban environment and how a dichotomous approach to smart cities as either top-down or bottom-up may be overly reductive. This paper attempts to remedy this divide by highlighting the horizontal tensions in smart city planning, where tensions around implementing smart technologies appear as multiple actors and discourses converge in creating complex governance structures. We offer a case study of how scalar, temporal and social tensions around implementing smart city technologies are negotiated, based on interviews with employees in a Swedish municipality and several municipal corporations. We elaborate on three themes around time, the role of the municipality and infrastructure to gain a deeper understanding of the governance of and attitudes towards smartification. The interviewees described the complexities of implementing smart technology in reality, spanning various scales and intermingling public and private interests. These issues matter for how the municipality and the municipal corporations work with implementing smart technologies, making it anything but a straightforward process.
智慧城市的愿景是利用技术优化各种基础设施功能,使城市管理更加高效、可持续和可靠。然而,有关智慧城市的学术研究提请人们注意,以数据为中心的规划如何简化了城市环境的复杂性,以及将智慧城市划分为自上而下或自下而上的二分法如何可能过于简单。本文试图通过强调智慧城市规划中的横向紧张关系来弥补这一分歧,在这种情况下,随着多方参与者和论述在创建复杂治理结构的过程中交汇,围绕智能技术实施的紧张关系就会显现出来。我们通过对瑞典某市政府和几家市政公司员工的访谈,提供了一个案例研究,说明如何就实施智能城市技术的规模、时间和社会紧张关系进行协商。我们围绕时间、市政当局的作用和基础设施这三个主题展开讨论,以深入了解智能化的管理方式和人们对智能化的态度。受访者描述了在现实中实施智能技术的复杂性,这些复杂性跨越了不同的范围,并将公共利益和私人利益交织在一起。这些问题关系到市政当局和市政公司如何实施智能技术,使其不再是一个简单的过程。
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引用次数: 0
Urban infrastructures, metabolic resource flows and the contradictions of circular economy ‘solutions’ in Nantes and Gothenburg 南特和哥德堡的城市基础设施、代谢资源流动和循环经济“解决方案”的矛盾
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241286750
Jean-Baptiste Bahers, Jonathan Rutherford
Urban infrastructures, as socio-technical systems that transform metabolic flows, are a key focus for efforts at initiating a more circular economy of resource use and waste recovery. Beyond exemplar discourses and claims, an infrastructure-mediated understanding of and focus on actually existing circularity projects attends to the diverse array of components, sites and exchanges through which transformative socio-technical change is envisaged, enacted and challenged. This article uses in-depth studies of circularity infrastructure initiatives in Nantes (France) and Gothenburg (Sweden) that involve a range of public and private stakeholders. We focus on the contradictions and tensions in these initiatives to draw attention to circularity as a material and political process of relocalising resource use while spatially expanding resource networks. We show how this process involves reworking large-scale infrastructure while nurturing community-level initiatives of the foundational economy, and thereby shaping urban futures through reuse and recycled flows but with a view to sustaining economic growth strategies. We argue that the materialist and productivist logic underpinning the urban infrastructures of the circular economy largely serves to aggravate the underlying fundamental systemic concerns that circularity was supposed to address in the first place.
城市基础设施作为改变新陈代谢流动的社会技术系统,是启动资源利用和废物回收的更循环经济的努力的重点。除了范例话语和主张之外,基础设施对实际存在的循环项目的理解和关注涉及到各种组件、场地和交流,通过这些组件、场地和交流,变革的社会技术变革被设想、实施和挑战。本文对南特(法国)和哥德堡(瑞典)的循环基础设施倡议进行了深入研究,这些倡议涉及一系列公共和私人利益相关者。我们关注这些倡议中的矛盾和紧张关系,以引起人们对循环的关注,作为在空间上扩展资源网络的同时重新定位资源使用的物质和政治过程。我们展示了这一过程如何涉及大规模基础设施的改造,同时培养社区层面的基础经济举措,从而通过再利用和回收流动塑造城市未来,同时保持经济增长战略。我们认为,支撑循环经济的城市基础设施的唯物主义和生产主义逻辑在很大程度上加剧了潜在的基本系统问题,而循环首先应该解决这些问题。
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引用次数: 0
Of broken promises cities are made. Gambling, urbanisation, and belonging in Macau 城市是由破碎的诺言组成的。澳门的赌博、城市化和归属感
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241291988
Sheyla S Zandonai
Few places on Earth have experienced recent economic growth at the same level as Macau during the years of its gambling boom, which lasted for about a decade from when the first casinos after the liberalisation started to emerge in 2004. It may come as no surprise that, through gambling, the city was transformed under a broader strategy of human and urban ‘management’ in which neoliberal rationalities mediated investment, social welfare, and city development. A lot of ink has been devoted to analysing the economic, political, and social impact of Macau’s gambling governance throughout the golden years of the liberalisation and beyond, but few works have offered a platform to ‘voice’ lived experience. Drawing on ethnographic work, this article documents the reactions of Macau locals ( gentes de Macau, 本地人, bun dei jan) to the potent wave of gambling-led economic growth and urbanisation, adding a layer of novelty and complexity to this debate. It re-evaluates this incredible moment in Macau’s contemporary history under the notion of the right to the city, as argued by Lefebvre and other urban theorists (Jacobs, Harvey, Massey), who see this as the right to claim a shaping power over the processes of urbanisation that affect the ways in which cities are made and remade. Ultimately, the paper argues that, despite material accumulation, the people of Macau felt somewhat dispossessed of ways to influence the course of development and robbed of their sense of belonging and city ‘ownership’.
在博彩业繁荣的几年里,世界上很少有地方经历了与澳门相同的经济增长水平。从2004年澳门开放后首批赌场开始出现,博彩业繁荣持续了大约10年。通过赌博,这座城市在更广泛的人类和城市“管理”战略下发生了转变,新自由主义理性在其中调节了投资、社会福利和城市发展,这可能不足为奇。在澳门博彩业自由化的黄金年代及之后,有很多文章致力于分析澳门博彩业治理对经济、政治和社会的影响,但很少有作品提供了一个“声音”生活经验的平台。本文以民族志为基础,记录了澳门本地人(genes de Macau, genes de Macau, bun dei jan)对赌博业带动的强劲经济增长和城市化浪潮的反应,为这场辩论增添了一层新新性和复杂性。它在城市权的概念下重新评估澳门当代历史上这一令人难以置信的时刻,正如Lefebvre和其他城市理论家(Jacobs, Harvey, Massey)所主张的那样,他们认为这是在城市化过程中要求塑造权力的权利,影响城市的建造和改造方式。最后,本文认为,尽管物质积累,澳门人多少感到被剥夺了影响发展进程的途径,他们的归属感和城市“所有权”被剥夺了。
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引用次数: 0
Where do neighbourhood reputations come from? Analysing Chicago community areas using a systematic neighbourhood reputation score, 1985–2020 邻里声誉从何而来?使用系统邻里声誉评分分析芝加哥社区区域,1985-2020年
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241297088
Forrest Stuart, Charles R Collins, Bocar Wade, Rebecca D Gleit, Caylin Louis Moore
A longstanding maxim of urban research is that neighbourhood reputations matter. The subjective narratives and stereotypes about a neighbourhood influence a range of consequential processes, outcomes and inequalities. Yet, there remains considerable ambiguity regarding the primary drivers of the neighbourhood status hierarchy. What are the primary factors responsible for neighbourhood reputations? How and why do reputations change over time? Unfortunately, efforts to answer such questions have been hampered by methodological limitations, most notably the lack of a universal measure allowing comparisons between every neighbourhood in a given city. In an effort to address this shortcoming, this article offers a novel computational approach for generating a systematic measure, which we refer to as a ‘neighbourhood reputation score’. Leveraging a sentiment analysis method to examine every newspaper article published by the Chicago Tribune mentioning at least one of Chicago’s 77 community areas across five decades, we find that neighbourhood reputation scores are negatively associated with the proportion of Black residents in a neighbourhood. Although the strength of the relationship between ethno-racial composition and reputation increases over time, neighbourhoods in Chicago did not experience sufficient compositional shifts to assess whether demographic changes lead to reputational changes. These findings represent the most systematic evidence to date in support of the theory that ethno-racial stigma is the most influential driver of the neighbourhood status hierarchy.
长期以来,城市研究的一个格言就是街区声誉很重要。对街区的主观描述和刻板印象会影响一系列相应的过程、结果和不平等现象。然而,在街区地位等级的主要驱动因素方面仍然存在相当大的模糊性。造成街区声誉的主要因素是什么?声誉如何以及为何随着时间的推移而变化?遗憾的是,由于方法上的局限性,回答这些问题的努力受到了阻碍,最明显的是缺乏一种通用的衡量标准,无法对特定城市中的每个街区进行比较。为了弥补这一不足,本文提供了一种新颖的计算方法,用于生成系统的衡量指标,我们称之为 "街区声誉得分"。利用情感分析方法,我们研究了《芝加哥论坛报》在五十年间发表的每一篇提及芝加哥 77 个社区中至少一个社区的文章,发现社区声誉得分与社区中黑人居民的比例呈负相关。虽然民族-种族构成与声誉之间的关系强度随时间推移而增加,但芝加哥的社区并未经历足够的构成变化,因此无法评估人口变化是否会导致声誉变化。这些研究结果是迄今为止最系统的证据,支持族裔-种族成见是邻里地位等级制度最有影响力的驱动因素这一理论。
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引用次数: 0
Reframing urban development politics: Transcalarity in sovereign, developmental and private circuits 重构城市发展政治:主权、发展和私人回路的跨尺度性
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241284763
Jennifer Robinson, Philip Harrison, Sylvia Croese, Rosina Sheburah Essien, Wilbard Kombe, Matthew Lane, Evance Mwathunga, George Owusu, Yan Yang
This paper develops the idea of transcalarity to reframe analyses of urban development politics. Our analysis starts from African contexts but is relevant to, and in conversation with, experiences on other continents. Accounts of the politics of urban development have rarely benefitted from the experiences of African urban settings. Characterised by relatively weakly resourced municipalities, informality of the urban setting and of the state, and highly transnationalised forms of governance, African experiences may seem to stand out as profoundly different from those which have informed dominant theorisations of urban development politics. And yet, it is across the African continent that a substantial portion of the world’s new, future urban areas are being made, providing strong grounds for theorising urban development politics starting from the diversity of experiences across the continent. Evidence from current research and long-term observations in three African urban contexts (Lilongwe, Accra and Dar es Salaam) indicate that inherited conceptualisations vastly overestimate the resources and agency of municipal government in many urban contexts and omit the enhanced institutional interests of national actors in urban development. Also, the range of international actors considered has been analytically restricted or mischaracterised, as global sovereign and developmental actors play a powerful role while significant private sector interests may not be very international. More generally, ‘circulating’ processes and actors might not be ‘external’ as, especially in relation to developmental and sovereign circuits, these are often embedded in and contribute to shaping emergent transcalar territorial networks co-ordinating investment in different contexts.
本文提出了跨量性的概念,以重构城市发展政治的分析。我们的分析从非洲的背景出发,但与其他大陆的经验相关,并与之交流。关于城市发展政治的论述很少能从非洲城市环境的经验中获益。非洲的特点是资源相对较弱的市政当局,城市环境和国家的非正式性,以及高度跨国的治理形式,非洲的经验似乎与那些已经为城市发展政治的主导理论提供信息的经验截然不同。然而,在整个非洲大陆,世界上很大一部分新的、未来的城市地区正在建设中,这为从整个非洲大陆的多样性经验出发,将城市发展政治理论化提供了强有力的基础。来自三个非洲城市背景(利隆圭、阿克拉和达累斯萨拉姆)的当前研究和长期观察的证据表明,在许多城市背景下,继承的概念大大高估了市政府的资源和机构,忽略了国家行动者在城市发展中的机构利益。此外,所考虑的国际行为者的范围在分析上受到限制或定性错误,因为全球主权和发展行为者发挥着强大的作用,而重要的私营部门利益可能不是非常国际化。更一般地说,“循环”过程和行为者可能不是“外部”的,特别是在发展和主权回路方面,它们通常嵌入并有助于形成在不同背景下协调投资的新兴跨标量领土网络。
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引用次数: 0
Climate change and municipal finance: Ordinary innovations for just urban transitions 气候变化与市政财政:城市转型的普通创新
IF 4.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00420980241286362
Claudia V Diezmartínez, Anne G Short Gianotti
As cities worldwide increasingly adopt commitments towards climate justice, questions remain about the ways that city governments will be able to fund more just climate efforts. While the use of novel debt financing schemes has been examined in the literature for its justice implications, scholars have rarely interrogated how the more mundane tools and practices of municipal finance can be applied to enable more just urban transitions. Here, we use the USA as a case study to analyse the impacts of climate change and climate action on municipal budgets and to examine how cities are adapting their financial tools and practices to advance climate action and climate justice efforts. We employ a mixed-methods research design that combines 34 expert interviews with a systematic content analysis of municipal budgets from 15 US cities of different sizes. We find that both climate change and climate action can contribute to cities’ fiscal vulnerability by imposing additional expenditures and/or reducing municipal revenues. While most cities lack transparency about their investments in climate action and climate justice, some city governments are implementing ordinary innovations that embed climate and justice criteria into budgetary practices and funding tools. These ordinary innovations reveal that cities are beginning to reimagine municipal finance in the service of more just climate futures.
随着世界各地的城市越来越多地对气候正义做出承诺,关于城市政府如何能够为更公正的气候努力提供资金的问题仍然存在。虽然在文献中对新型债务融资方案的使用进行了司法影响的研究,但学者们很少询问如何应用市政财政的更世俗的工具和实践来实现更公正的城市转型。本文以美国为例,分析了气候变化和气候行动对市政预算的影响,并研究了城市如何调整其金融工具和实践,以推进气候行动和气候正义工作。我们采用混合方法的研究设计,将34位专家访谈与来自15个不同规模的美国城市的市政预算的系统内容分析相结合。我们发现,气候变化和气候行动都可以通过增加额外支出和/或减少市政收入来加剧城市的财政脆弱性。虽然大多数城市在气候行动和气候正义方面的投资缺乏透明度,但一些城市政府正在实施普通创新,将气候和正义标准纳入预算实践和融资工具。这些普通的创新表明,城市正开始重新构想市政财政,以服务于更公正的气候未来。
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