Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102532
Xiangyang Wang, Xuefei Lei, Zhiyi Liu
Existing literature focusing on knowledge creation in multinational enterprises (MNEs) adopted a static perspective, simplifying it into a combination of knowledge stocks and new knowledge flows. Actually, knowledge creation in MNEs is contextual and complicated due to the intra-organizational differences and multi-level interaction. However, surprisingly little attention has been dedicated to elucidating the dynamic process from the multi-level interaction, which limits the comprehensive understanding on knowledge creation in MNEs. This study adopts organizational knowledge creation theory to identify the specific barriers to knowledge creation from the individual, group and organizational levels in MNEs, and discusses their dynamic connections. We further introduce unlearning to discuss how different levels of unlearning remove corresponding barriers and thus promote knowledge creation. Therefore, this study offers a fresh and significant insight on the knowledge creation in MNEs by responding the call on exploring knowledge creation in MNEs from the interactions at different levels.
{"title":"Promoting knowledge creation in MNEs through unlearning","authors":"Xiangyang Wang, Xuefei Lei, Zhiyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing literature focusing on knowledge creation in multinational enterprises (MNEs) adopted a static perspective, simplifying it into a combination of knowledge stocks and new knowledge flows. Actually, knowledge creation in MNEs is contextual and complicated due to the intra-organizational differences and multi-level interaction. However, surprisingly little attention has been dedicated to elucidating the dynamic process from the multi-level interaction, which limits the comprehensive understanding on knowledge creation in MNEs. This study adopts organizational knowledge creation theory to identify the specific barriers to knowledge creation from the individual, group and organizational levels in MNEs, and discusses their dynamic connections. We further introduce unlearning to discuss how different levels of unlearning remove corresponding barriers and thus promote knowledge creation. Therefore, this study offers a fresh and significant insight on the knowledge creation in MNEs by responding the call on exploring knowledge creation in MNEs from the interactions at different levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102532"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102531
Rany Salvoldi , David M. Brock
In today’s increasingly complex and globalized business landscape, knowledge-intensive service (KIS) firms face both opportunities and challenges—particularly in determining the optimal geographic scope of their internationalization strategies. Existing literature offers two contrasting narratives: one underscores the difficulties posed by KIS-specific characteristics such as knowledge intangibility and institutional embeddedness; the other highlights the advantages of expanding global reach. To reconcile these views, we adopt a configurational approach to examine how international footprints can be structured to enhance firm evaluation. Drawing on a categorization lens, we analyze how two key dimensions of international footprint—extent and dispersion—interact with firm-level contingencies to influence evaluation outcomes. Based on a configurational analysis of 50 European law firms, we identify multiple equifinal configurations of internationalization associated with superior evaluation. These configurations range from minimal to extensive international presence, and from regional concentration to broad geographic dispersion. Notably, our findings emphasize international dispersion as a critical factor in achieving favorable evaluations. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of KIS internationalization and informs ongoing debates about the optimal scale and spatial reach of global expansion strategies for KIS firms.
{"title":"How to shape internationalization: Footprint configurations of knowledge-intensive service firms","authors":"Rany Salvoldi , David M. Brock","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today’s increasingly complex and globalized business landscape, knowledge-intensive service (KIS) firms face both opportunities and challenges—particularly in determining the optimal geographic scope of their internationalization strategies. Existing literature offers two contrasting narratives: one underscores the difficulties posed by KIS-specific characteristics such as knowledge intangibility and institutional embeddedness; the other highlights the advantages of expanding global reach. To reconcile these views, we adopt a configurational approach to examine how international footprints can be structured to enhance firm evaluation. Drawing on a categorization lens, we analyze how two key dimensions of international footprint—extent and dispersion—interact with firm-level contingencies to influence evaluation outcomes. Based on a configurational analysis of 50 European law firms, we identify multiple equifinal configurations of internationalization associated with superior evaluation. These configurations range from minimal to extensive international presence, and from regional concentration to broad geographic dispersion. Notably, our findings emphasize international dispersion as a critical factor in achieving favorable evaluations. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of KIS internationalization and informs ongoing debates about the optimal scale and spatial reach of global expansion strategies for KIS firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102531"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102530
Chengcheng Miao , Chris Brewster
Drawing on institutional isomorphism and Bourdieu’s concept of capital, this ethnographic study provides a comprehensive examination of how institutional pressures interact with individual capital (linguistic, cultural and social) to shape expatriates’ behaviours in dealing with local petty corruption practices. We find that coercive isomorphism is often intensified by a lack of local linguistic capital, mimetic isomorphism is reinforced by uncertainty in a foreign environment, and normative isomorphism is shaped by norms and expectations originating from both the host and home countries, rather than being solely rooted in the local environment. Our findings highlight the critical role of individual capital as a moderator of institutional responses. By bridging macro-level neo-institutional theory and micro-level practices, this study deepens our understanding of how expatriates’ behaviour is shaped by both broader institutional environments and the personal resources they bring to their host country.
{"title":"Exploring one of the darker sides of expatriation: Chinese expatriates' experiences with petty corruption in Tanzania","authors":"Chengcheng Miao , Chris Brewster","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drawing on institutional isomorphism and Bourdieu’s concept of capital, this ethnographic study provides a comprehensive examination of how institutional pressures interact with individual capital (linguistic, cultural and social) to shape expatriates’ behaviours in dealing with local petty corruption practices. We find that coercive isomorphism is often intensified by a lack of local linguistic capital, mimetic isomorphism is reinforced by uncertainty in a foreign environment, and normative isomorphism is shaped by norms and expectations originating from both the host and home countries, rather than being solely rooted in the local environment. Our findings highlight the critical role of individual capital as a moderator of institutional responses. By bridging macro-level neo-institutional theory and micro-level practices, this study deepens our understanding of how expatriates’ behaviour is shaped by both broader institutional environments and the personal resources they bring to their host country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102530"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102528
Bernardo Silva-Rêgo , Clarice Kogut
This paper presents a systematic literature review of international business risks associated with digital technologies (digital IB risks). As digital technologies rapidly evolve, firms are adapting their business models and internationalising at an unprecedented pace. While existing research has highlighted the benefits of digital internationalisation, this study examines the risks that firms face during this process, providing new perspectives. Following the collection, analysis, synthesis, comparison, and coding of 79 papers, we integrate insights from internalisation theory to enhance our understanding of how multinational enterprises navigate the increasingly complex global digital landscape. Ultimately, this study addresses the gap in understanding and conceptualising digital IB risks by offering a comprehensive literature review, synthesising findings into an integrative framework, and laying the groundwork for future research and practice.
{"title":"Digital IB risks: A systematic literature review through internalisation lenses","authors":"Bernardo Silva-Rêgo , Clarice Kogut","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a systematic literature review of international business risks associated with digital technologies (digital IB risks). As digital technologies rapidly evolve, firms are adapting their business models and internationalising at an unprecedented pace. While existing research has highlighted the benefits of digital internationalisation, this study examines the risks that firms face during this process, providing new perspectives. Following the collection, analysis, synthesis, comparison, and coding of 79 papers, we integrate insights from internalisation theory to enhance our understanding of how multinational enterprises navigate the increasingly complex global digital landscape. Ultimately, this study addresses the gap in understanding and conceptualising digital IB risks by offering a comprehensive literature review, synthesising findings into an integrative framework, and laying the groundwork for future research and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102528"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102526
Vincent E. Kunst , Sjoerd Beugelsdijk
We use comparative institutional theory to explore the predictive power of agency theory against the background of the emerging multipolar world characterized by an increasing distance between institutional systems. Originally developed in the liberal market economy context, agency theory presents managerial ownership and board independence as critical managerial practices to mitigate agency problems. Our analysis at the level of institutional systems of 26,945 firms across 39 countries over a period of 14 years (2009–2022) shows that the predictive power of agency theory is reduced when firms operate in institutional systems at a larger distance from the liberal market economy model. These results are corroborated using propensity score matching methods and cross-validated with an alternative database. We integrate institutional distance research with the theory on comparative institutional systems that have so far mostly operated in silos. The broader implication of our analysis is that the emergence of the multipolar world affects the universal applicability of agency theory and makes it more context-specific. The fundamental idea that the predictive power of our theories is affected by the current global economic developments is an aspect that has so far been overlooked in the de-globalization discussion. We discuss implications for international business scholarship.
{"title":"The predictive power of agency theory in a multipolar world","authors":"Vincent E. Kunst , Sjoerd Beugelsdijk","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use comparative institutional theory to explore the predictive power of agency theory against the background of the emerging multipolar world characterized by an increasing distance between institutional systems. Originally developed in the liberal market economy context, agency theory presents managerial ownership and board independence as critical managerial practices to mitigate agency problems. Our analysis at the level of institutional systems of 26,945 firms across 39 countries over a period of 14 years (2009–2022) shows that the predictive power of agency theory is reduced when firms operate in institutional systems at a larger distance from the liberal market economy model. These results are corroborated using propensity score matching methods and cross-validated with an alternative database. We integrate institutional distance research with the theory on comparative institutional systems that have so far mostly operated in silos. The broader implication of our analysis is that the emergence of the multipolar world affects the universal applicability of agency theory and makes it more context-specific. The fundamental idea that the predictive power of our theories is affected by the current global economic developments is an aspect that has so far been overlooked in the de-globalization discussion. We discuss implications for international business scholarship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102526"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102524
Richard Yeboah , George Nyantakyi , Ali Meftah Gerged
Despite growing interest in the institutional and cultural determinants of corporate governance, limited attention has been paid to how language structure, particularly Future Time Reference (FTR), shapes agency dynamics. This study addresses this gap by integrating agency theory with the principle of linguistic relativity to examine how FTR—a grammatical feature that affects how languages express the future—impacts agency costs across firms and countries. Building on the premise that language influences temporal cognition, we argue that weak-FTR environments reduce the salience of future outcomes, thereby increasing temporal ambiguity in managerial decision-making and elevating agency costs. Using a panel of 20,225 firm-year observations across 17 countries from 2008 to 2020, we find that firms operating in weak-FTR language contexts experience significantly higher agency costs. However, this effect is not deterministic: it is mitigated by two key governance mechanisms. First, managerial risk perception moderates the relationship by reducing ambiguity-driven discretion among risk-averse executives. Second, institutional ownership functions as an external control mechanism, attenuating the adverse cognitive effects of weak-FTR through enhanced monitoring and accountability. By establishing language as a structural yet overlooked antecedent of agency costs, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-national governance variation. It expands agency theory beyond economic incentives to include cognitive-linguistic framing, offering practical implications for multinational firms and policymakers designing governance systems in linguistically diverse contexts.
{"title":"Time orientation in languages and agency costs","authors":"Richard Yeboah , George Nyantakyi , Ali Meftah Gerged","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite growing interest in the institutional and cultural determinants of corporate governance, limited attention has been paid to how language structure, particularly Future Time Reference (FTR), shapes agency dynamics. This study addresses this gap by integrating agency theory with the principle of linguistic relativity to examine how FTR—a grammatical feature that affects how languages express the future—impacts agency costs across firms and countries. Building on the premise that language influences temporal cognition, we argue that weak-FTR environments reduce the salience of future outcomes, thereby increasing temporal ambiguity in managerial decision-making and elevating agency costs. Using a panel of 20,225 firm-year observations across 17 countries from 2008 to 2020, we find that firms operating in weak-FTR language contexts experience significantly higher agency costs. However, this effect is not deterministic: it is mitigated by two key governance mechanisms. First, managerial risk perception moderates the relationship by reducing ambiguity-driven discretion among risk-averse executives. Second, institutional ownership functions as an external control mechanism, attenuating the adverse cognitive effects of weak-FTR through enhanced monitoring and accountability. By establishing language as a structural yet overlooked antecedent of agency costs, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of cross-national governance variation. It expands agency theory beyond economic incentives to include cognitive-linguistic framing, offering practical implications for multinational firms and policymakers designing governance systems in linguistically diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102523
Ratan J.S. Dheer , Jane Terpstra-Tong , Len Treviño , David A. Ralston , Brian Tjemkes , Luis Sigala Paparella , Marian Crowley-Henry , Calvin Burns , Fabian Froese , Gabrielle Poeschl , Oswaldo Morales , Erna Szabo , Pingping Fu , Narasimhan Srinivasan , Mario Molteni , Arif Butt , Oliver Furrer , Fidel León Darder , Maria Kangasniemi-Haapala , Ajantha S. Dharmasiri , Ruth Alas
We assess the impact of organizational culture on employees' psychological safety using data from 2451 employees across 18 societies. Our multi-level structural equation models reveal that organizations that emphasize a clan culture foster significantly higher psychological safety than those that emphasize a hierarchy culture, and trust in top management mediates the effect of organizational culture on psychological safety. Additionally, macro-environmental factors, specifically a society's cultural context and governance quality, moderate the effect of trust in top management, explaining variance in psychological safety globally. Our findings make a novel contribution to the literature on psychological safety, international management, and organizational behavior. We outline vital implications for managers and provide directions for future research.
{"title":"Impact of organizational culture on employee psychological safety perception: The pivotal role of trust in top management across 18 societies","authors":"Ratan J.S. Dheer , Jane Terpstra-Tong , Len Treviño , David A. Ralston , Brian Tjemkes , Luis Sigala Paparella , Marian Crowley-Henry , Calvin Burns , Fabian Froese , Gabrielle Poeschl , Oswaldo Morales , Erna Szabo , Pingping Fu , Narasimhan Srinivasan , Mario Molteni , Arif Butt , Oliver Furrer , Fidel León Darder , Maria Kangasniemi-Haapala , Ajantha S. Dharmasiri , Ruth Alas","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assess the impact of organizational culture on employees' psychological safety using data from 2451 employees across 18 societies. Our multi-level structural equation models reveal that organizations that emphasize a clan culture foster significantly higher psychological safety than those that emphasize a hierarchy culture, and trust in top management mediates the effect of organizational culture on psychological safety. Additionally, macro-environmental factors, specifically a society's cultural context and governance quality, moderate the effect of trust in top management, explaining variance in psychological safety globally. Our findings make a novel contribution to the literature on psychological safety, international management, and organizational behavior. We outline vital implications for managers and provide directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102523"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102521
Anisur R. Faroque , Arafat Rahman , Mohammad Osman Gani , Imranul Hoque
This study explores how heuristics (availability and representativeness) and analytic rational decision-making influence the selection of international business entry modes and their subsequent impact on decision effectiveness and international performance. Grounded in dual-process theories, the research develops hypotheses linking heuristics, analytic rationality, decision effectiveness, and international outcomes. Utilizing a quantitative survey approach, the findings reveal that integrating the availability heuristic with analytic rational decision-making enhances the quality of internationalization decisions, whereas combining analytic decision-making with the representativeness heuristic can diminish decision effectiveness. These results emphasize the critical role of balancing heuristic and analytical approaches in managerial decision-making for international entry, contributing to dual-process theories within the international business context and providing valuable insights into the cognitive strategies shaping entry mode selection and organizational performance.
{"title":"Heuristics and decision rationality in entry mode choice: Implications for decision effectiveness and international performance","authors":"Anisur R. Faroque , Arafat Rahman , Mohammad Osman Gani , Imranul Hoque","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores how heuristics (availability and representativeness) and analytic rational decision-making influence the selection of international business entry modes and their subsequent impact on decision effectiveness and international performance. Grounded in dual-process theories, the research develops hypotheses linking heuristics, analytic rationality, decision effectiveness, and international outcomes. Utilizing a quantitative survey approach, the findings reveal that integrating the availability heuristic with analytic rational decision-making enhances the quality of internationalization decisions, whereas combining analytic decision-making with the representativeness heuristic can diminish decision effectiveness. These results emphasize the critical role of balancing heuristic and analytical approaches in managerial decision-making for international entry, contributing to dual-process theories within the international business context and providing valuable insights into the cognitive strategies shaping entry mode selection and organizational performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102522
Joan-Lluís Capelleras , Victor Martin-Sanchez , Chao Zhang
This study investigates the dilemma faced by family firms in internationalization, balancing socioemotional wealth (SEW) preservation with potential financial gains. Drawing on the mixed gamble perspective, we first examine how family management influences the speed and scope of international expansion. Secondly, we explore the moderating role of external R&D collaboration in these relationships. Drawing on panel data from 3366 Spanish firms and 24,695 firm-year observations, we find that family-managed firms proceed more slowly with internationalization but tend to expand across a broader range of markets. Furthermore, external R&D collaboration supports a wider scope without necessarily accelerating speed. These findings offer new insights into how family management shapes internationalization, highlighting external R&D collaboration as a selective moderator.
{"title":"Family management, external R&D collaboration, and the speed and scope of internationalization","authors":"Joan-Lluís Capelleras , Victor Martin-Sanchez , Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dilemma faced by family firms in internationalization, balancing socioemotional wealth (SEW) preservation with potential financial gains. Drawing on the mixed gamble perspective, we first examine how family management influences the speed and scope of international expansion. Secondly, we explore the moderating role of external R&D collaboration in these relationships. Drawing on panel data from 3366 Spanish firms and 24,695 firm-year observations, we find that family-managed firms proceed more slowly with internationalization but tend to expand across a broader range of markets. Furthermore, external R&D collaboration supports a wider scope without necessarily accelerating speed. These findings offer new insights into how family management shapes internationalization, highlighting external R&D collaboration as a selective moderator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines how human capital (HC) outflows, triggered by economic sanctions imposed on Russia, constitute a profound environmental disruption with long-term consequences for firms. Drawing on HC theory and based on case studies of three companies in the Russian IT sector, the study analyzes how large-scale talent relocation, referred to as brain-drain, undermines firms’ strategic investments in HC development. We find that in the face of sustained uncertainty, human resource (HR) managers adopt reactive approaches, leading to the widespread abandonment of professional development initiatives. We argue that this shift risks eroding organizational capabilities and placing firms at a long-term competitive disadvantage. By moving beyond macroeconomic discussions of sanctions and focusing on firm-level human resource management (HRM) responses, this study offers new theoretical insights into how geopolitical shocks reshape HRM practices and disrupt the underlying logic of HC investment in high-skill industries.
{"title":"The double bind: Human resource management under sanctions and skilled labor exodus","authors":"Marina Latukha , Desislava Dikova , Andrei Panibratov , Nikita Kuleshov","doi":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how human capital (HC) outflows, triggered by economic sanctions imposed on Russia, constitute a profound environmental disruption with long-term consequences for firms. Drawing on HC theory and based on case studies of three companies in the Russian IT sector, the study analyzes how large-scale talent relocation, referred to as brain-drain, undermines firms’ strategic investments in HC development. We find that in the face of sustained uncertainty, human resource (HR) managers adopt reactive approaches, leading to the widespread abandonment of professional development initiatives. We argue that this shift risks eroding organizational capabilities and placing firms at a long-term competitive disadvantage. By moving beyond macroeconomic discussions of sanctions and focusing on firm-level human resource management (HRM) responses, this study offers new theoretical insights into how geopolitical shocks reshape HRM practices and disrupt the underlying logic of HC investment in high-skill industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51352,"journal":{"name":"International Business Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 102520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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