Journal of Health Psychology最新文献

Fibromyalgia is a prevalent condition with significant impacts for patients. This qualitative study aims to explore how patients experience receiving a fibromyalgia diagnostic label. We performed semi-structured interviews with 13 fibromyalgia patients (11 women, 2 men), from six European countries, recruited online through patient organizations. Most of the participants were female and over 40 years old. Interviews were coded and analysed by two independent researchers. Three themes were identified related to receiving the fibromyalgia label: (1) Changes to myself, including validation and relief, a perceived threat to identity, and concern for having this condition for life. (2) Changes in relation to others, including losing friends, behaving as part of a group while maintaining individuality of experiences, and developed self-agency. (3) Changes in social roles, including altered work status and shifting priorities. We conclude that providing a fibromyalgia label can have multilayered effects on recipients' personal identity, relationships and social positions.

The reliability generalization meta-analysis of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) synthesized a total of 128 α coefficients from 118 studies encompassing 95,588 participants. This synthesis was performed using three-level random-effects models with CR2 inference and Bonett transformation. The pooled internal consistency α = 0.882 (95% CI (0.873, 0.889)) and 95% PI (0.759, 0.942). The language moderator showed a strong effect that persisted after continent adjustment. Furthermore, while mean age and sample size were found to be reliably associated with α, other moderators were found to be invalid. PET/PEESE and Egger tests indicated minimal small-study effects, and reliability induction was prevalent (76.1%). Overall, MDAS scores show high reliability; however, they are also sensitive to contextual effects. It is important for studies in this field to report sample-specific alpha values along with CIs using omega/ordinal alpha. Practical benefits of using MDAS are presented for dental health professionals and researchers.

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face increased risk of social isolation and loneliness. However, social dimensions are frequently overlooked in respiratory care. We aimed to explore the role of social connection in living with COPD, including influences on health and function. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 19 people with COPD (median age 78 years [range 58-88]; 14 with severe airflow obstruction). Three themes were identified: social connection supports COPD self-management, the "triple threat" of COPD to social connection, and the inseparable nature of social health. Participants described how worsening symptoms, particularly breathlessness, contribute to disconnection through physical restrictions, psychological reactions, and societal unawareness, with negative impacts on self-management and wider physical and psychological health. We conclude that social connections become increasingly valuable, yet increasingly difficult to maintain, as COPD progresses. Supporting individuals to maintain connections within a biopsychosocial approach may unlock wider health benefits.

While social support is widely recognised as a protective factor against loneliness and other health concerns, research findings remain inconsistent. Discrepant findings can result from heterogeneous conceptualisation and measurement of social support, which is often viewed as a broad, undifferentiated resource. This narrative review synthesises definitions and measures of social support, constructing a robust new taxonomy. Searches of three major research databases found numerous papers describing taxonomies and questionnaires assessing social support. A synthesis of the most highly cited papers included 10 distinct taxonomies and questionnaires. The new taxonomy comprises five core dimensions: (1) Emotional support (sympathetic listening, affection, and esteem support), (2) Social contact and companionship, (3) Belonging support (4) Information and guidance support, and (5) Tangible support. Detailed descriptions of specific behaviours corresponding to each support dimension are provided. These can help guide the design and assessment of social support interventions across clinical, organisational, and educational settings.

With a global annual cumulative incidence of depression at 4.5% in community-dwelling older adults, understanding non-pharmacological interventions is essential. This narrative review explores the neuroprotective mechanisms of physical activity (PA) on brain function and mental health in individuals aged 60 and older. We conducted a search across multiple databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE) using keywords related to aging, cognition, and physical activity. Our analysis of relevant studies shows that PA benefits the brain through several pathways. Early findings focused on improved cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization. More recent evidence highlights that PA increases neurotrophic factors like BDNF and IGF-1, enhances mood-regulating neurotransmitters, and promotes structural adaptations in key brain regions. These findings suggest that PA is a cost-effective, multi-domain intervention. This review provides healthcare professionals with actionable evidence to incorporate PA into clinical practice for older adults.

This study examined relationships between Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), emotion regulation, coping styles, and psoriasis outcomes in Istanbul, Turkey. Participants included 100 psoriasis patients (ages 25-45) and 107 healthy controls. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Psoriasis patients scored significantly higher on six schemas: Emotional Deprivation, Approval Seeking, Pessimism, Self-Sacrifice, Punitiveness, and Unrelenting Standards (Cohen's d = 0.42-0.89). They also demonstrated greater emotion regulation difficulties and reduced adaptive coping. Mediation analyses revealed that maladaptive emotion-focused coping fully mediated relationships between EMS and quality of life deterioration (β = .11, 95% CI (.04, .19]) and psoriasis severity (β = .08, 95% CI [.02, .15]). Pessimism and Punitiveness schemas, impulse control difficulties, and maladaptive emotion-focused coping predicted general psychological symptom severity (measured by validated scales) (R² = .46). Findings suggest maladaptive emotion-focused coping as a key mechanism linking schemas to psoriasis outcomes, supporting integrated dermatological and psychological interventions.

Adolescence is a period of heightened risk for eating disorders (EDs), during which school burnout is also emerging as a major concern due to increasing educational demands. This study aimed to explore the influence of school burnout on EDs, with particular focus on the role of excessive social media use (ESMU), thin-ideal internalization, and appearance comparison. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze data from 853 adolescents (Mage = 15.72, 52.1% female). The results revealed significant positive correlations between all adjacent variables in the model. Additionally, significant indirect effects of school burnout on EDs were found through three pathways: ESMU and thin-ideal internalization, ESMU and appearance comparison, and ESMU followed by thin-ideal internalization and appearance comparison. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to prevent and mitigate adolescents' school burnout, as well as the importance of regulating their social media usage, thereby reducing the risk of EDs.

This cross-sectional study examined the relationships among healthcare provider trust, social identity concordance (i.e. race, sex/gender, sexual orientation), internalized racism, everyday discrimination, and healthcare discrimination across four healthcare settings: dental, medical, mental, and vision. The study sample included Black American adults (Mean age = 37.68). Findings showed that, after accounting for demographic factors and identity concordance: (a) race concordance did not relate to provider trust, (b) sex/gender concordance was positively linked to trust in medical, mental, and vision healthcare providers, (c) sexual orientation concordance was associated with greater trust in dental and mental healthcare providers, (d) internalized racism and healthcare discrimination were associated with lower provider trust in all settings, and (e) everyday discrimination was negatively linked to trust in dental providers only. These results suggest identity concordance alone is insufficient in fostering trust in healthcare providers, highlighting the need for further research on addressing internalized and systemic racism.

Eligibility criteria in blood donation are essential to protect both donor and recipient health. This study examines variability in donor selection criteria and donor health questionnaires across 19 healthcare institutions in Lebanon amid its transition toward a voluntary and non-remunerated blood donation (VNRD) system. Notable discrepancies were identified across medical, behavioral, demographic, and geographic deferral categories. A comparative analysis against Lebanese Committee for Blood Transfusion guidelines and EU-based standards reveals a lack of centralization and inconsistent adherence to evidence-based practices. Many institutions apply precautionary deferrals not grounded in current science, leading to overly restrictive outcomes. Ethnoracial biases are also evident, with policies that disproportionately exclude migrant groups. These inconsistencies risk confusing donors, reducing trust, and undermining donor retention. The findings highlight the urgent need for standardized, equitable, and medically sound eligibility criteria. This research offers critical insights for policymakers in Lebanon and other countries navigating similar reforms toward sustainable VNRD systems.

Intolerance of uncertainty can impede nursing students' ability to effectively manage uncertain and chaotic situations, such as disasters. The aim of this study was to examine nursing students' intolerance of uncertainty and their psychological preparedness for disasters. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between July and September 2024 with 164 students from the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic Data Collection Form, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12), and the Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale (PPDTS-21). IUS score was 37.32 ± 8.62, and the average PPDTS score was 54.87 ± 11.61. The findings revealed a significant relationship between IU and PPDT, with notable differences based on various sociodemographic factors, particularly regarding prior disaster experience. Assessing intolerance of uncertainty and psychological preparedness in future nurses is valuable, and future studies should be experimental, incorporating psychosocial training to strengthen individuals.