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Nash-stackelberg game perspective on pricing strategies for ride-hailing and aggregation platforms under bundle mode 捆绑模式下网约车与聚合平台定价策略的Nash-stackelberg博弈视角
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.3.002
Weina Xu, G. Lin, Xide Zhu
The growing popularity of aggregation platforms has attracted widespread attention in the ride-hailing market in recent years. In order to obtain additional orders by charging commissions and slotting fees, many ride-hailing platforms choose to bundle with aggregation platforms. Unlike traditional reseller electronic channels, the bundle channels may affect pricing of platforms, service levels of drivers, market demands and they may further impact on profits. These different attitudes raise an interesting and key question about the influence of bundle channels in ride-hailing platforms. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework for pricing strategies of ride-hailing and aggregation platforms under bundle mode and analyze their pricing process from the perspective of Nash and Stackelberg games, where the platforms serve as leaders to determine optimal prices through Nash equilibrium and the drivers serve as followers to provide optimal service levels. Through sensitivity analysis of service levels and costs, we capture the distribution trends of profits between the platforms. Based on some numerical examples and results analysis, some interesting managerial insights on pricing of ride-hailing and aggregation platforms are gained.
近年来,聚合平台的日益普及引起了网约车市场的广泛关注。为了通过收取佣金和插班费来获得额外的订单,许多网约车平台选择与聚合平台捆绑。与传统的经销商电子渠道不同,捆绑渠道可能会影响平台的定价、司机的服务水平、市场需求,进而影响利润。这些不同的态度提出了一个有趣而关键的问题,即捆绑渠道对网约车平台的影响。本文提出了捆绑模式下网约车和拼车平台的定价策略分析框架,并从纳什博弈和Stackelberg博弈的角度分析了两者的定价过程,其中平台作为领导者通过纳什均衡确定最优价格,司机作为追随者提供最优服务水平。通过对服务水平和成本的敏感性分析,捕捉到平台间利润的分布趋势。通过数值算例和结果分析,得出了网约车和聚合平台定价的一些有趣的管理见解。
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引用次数: 2
A hybrid matheuristic approach for the vehicle routing problem with three-dimensional loading constraints 三维载荷约束下车辆路径问题的混合数学方法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.1.002
D. Rodríguez, D. A. Martínez, J. Escobar
This paper proposes a matheuristic algorithm based on a column generation structure for the capacitated vehicle routing problem with three-dimensional loading constraints (3L–CVRP). In the column generation approach, the master problem is responsible for managing the selection of best-set routes. In contrast, the slave problem is responsible for solving a shorter restricted route problem (CSP, Constrained Shortest Path) for generating columns (feasible routes). The CSP is not necessarily solved to optimality. In addition, a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) algorithm is used to verify the packing constraints. The master problem begins with a set of feasible routes obtained through a multi-start randomized constructive algorithm (MSRCA) heuristic for the multi-container loading problem (3D–BPP, three-dimensional bin packing problem). The MSRCA consists of finding valid routes considering the customers' best packing (packing first-route second). The efficiency of the proposed approach has been validated by a set of benchmark instances from the literature. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approach and conclude that the slave problem is too complex and computationally expensive to solve through a MIP.
提出了一种基于列生成结构的三维载荷约束下有能力车辆路径问题的数学算法。在列生成方法中,主问题负责管理最优集路由的选择。相比之下,从属问题负责解决较短的受限路由问题(CSP, Constrained Shortest Path),以生成列(可行路由)。CSP不一定得到最优解。此外,采用贪婪随机自适应搜索过程(GRASP)算法对包装约束进行验证。对于多集装箱装货问题(3D-BPP,三维装箱问题),主问题首先通过多起点随机化构造算法(MSRCA)启发式得到一组可行路径。MSRCA包括在考虑客户最佳包装(包装第一,路线第二)的情况下寻找有效路线。通过文献中的一组基准实例验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明了该方法的有效性,并得出结论,从机问题太复杂,计算成本太高,无法通过MIP解决。
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引用次数: 4
Hybrid algorithm for the solution of the periodic vehicle routing problem with variable service frequency 变服务频率周期性车辆路径问题的混合算法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2021.10.001
Sergio Esteban Vega-Figueroa, Paula Andrea López-Becerra, E. López-Santana
This document addresses the problem of scheduling and routing a specific number of vehicles to visit a set of customers in specific time windows during a planning horizon. The vehicles have a homogeneous limited capacity and have their starting point and return in a warehouse or initial node, in addition, multiple variants of the classic VRP vehicle routing problem are considered, where computational complexity increases with the increase in the number of customers to visit, as a characteris-tic of an NP-hard problem. The solution method used consists of two connected phases, the first phase makes the allocation through a mixed-integer linear programming model, from which the visit program and its frequency in a determined plan-ning horizon are obtained. In the second phase, the customers are grouped through an unsupervised learning algorithm, the routing is carried out through an Ant Colony Optimization metaheuristic that includes local heu-ristics to make sure com-pliance with the restrictive factors. Finally, we test our algorithm by performance measures using instances of the literature and a comparative model, and we prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
本文档解决了在规划范围内的特定时间窗口内安排和路由特定数量的车辆访问一组客户的问题。车辆具有均匀的有限容量,并且起点和返回点都在仓库或初始节点,此外,考虑了经典VRP车辆路由问题的多个变体,其中计算复杂度随着访问客户数量的增加而增加,这是np困难问题的一个特征。所采用的求解方法包括两个相连的阶段,第一阶段通过混合整数线性规划模型进行分配,由该模型得到在确定的规划范围内的访问方案及其频率;在第二阶段,通过无监督学习算法对客户进行分组,通过包含局部策略的蚁群优化元启发式算法进行路由,以确保符合限制因素。最后,我们使用文献实例和比较模型通过性能度量来测试我们的算法,并证明了所提出算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
A model for location-assortment problem in a competitive environmen 竞争环境下的位置分类问题模型
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.5.002
F. Mohammadipour, M. Amiri, I. R. Vanani, J. B. Soofi
This paper considers simultaneously two areas of facility location and assortment planning in a competitive environment. In fact, a chain store that has competitors in the market locates a new facility. As there are different products in the market that can substitute with each other, it is intended to determine the best product assortment as well. An integer nonlinear programming problem is proposed to model the mentioned subject. For solving the model, the problem is reformulated as a mixed integer linear programming one. Therefore, a MIP solver software can be used for solving the small- and medium-size problems. For large-scale problems, a firefly algorithm is designed for obtaining a satisfactory solution. By using the proposed model, it is numerically shown that, in addition to the optimal location, it is also necessary to determine simultaneously the best product assortment for the new store. Actually, comparison results reveal that the location significantly affects the assortment scenarios for the new store. In other words, the selection of new store locations may lead to loss of large profit if the assortment planning is neglected.
本文同时考虑了竞争环境下的设施选址和分类规划两个方面。事实上,一家在市场上有竞争对手的连锁店,会有一个新的设施。由于市场上有不同的产品可以相互替代,因此也要确定最佳的产品组合。提出了一个整数非线性规划问题来对上述问题进行建模。为了求解该模型,将该问题重新表述为混合整数线性规划问题。因此,MIP求解软件可以用于解决中小型问题。对于大规模问题,设计了萤火虫算法以获得满意的解。利用所提出的模型,数值计算表明,除了确定最优位置外,还需要同时确定新店的最佳产品分类。实际上,对比结果表明,新店的地理位置对分类场景有显著影响。换句话说,新店址的选择,如果忽视了分类计划,可能会导致大量的利润损失。
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引用次数: 0
A dynamic decision-making framework for a hybrid production system for decayed merchandise with shortages in traditional and electronic markets 针对传统和电子市场中存在短缺的腐烂商品的混合生产系统的动态决策框架
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.1.004
Liang-Tu Chen, Guo-Ciang Wu, Cher‐Hung Tseng, Ren-Zong Kuo
This research proposes a dynamic decision-making framework for a hybrid production system that incorporates manufacturing and remanufacturing procedures into a closed-loop supply chain network with merchandise substitution and shortages within traditional markets (TM) and electronic markets (EM). In particular, we develop models of profit maximization and equilibrium analysis by using calculus with dynamic programming under four business schemes, including a manufacturing-only model within TM/EM and a hybrid remanufacturing model within TM/EM. Dynamic decision-making planning was taken for brand-new and like-new decayed merchandise in hybrid production systems. The results demonstrate that solutions generated within EMs surpass those within TMs in terms of maximizing profits. Further, the hybrid remanufacturing model did not surpass the manufacturing-only model under a general setting, but had better performance under certain conditions, including intense competition, a smaller remanufacturing cost, a larger brand-new merchandise market size, and a smaller like-new merchandise market size.
本研究提出了一个动态的混合生产系统决策框架,该系统将制造和再制造过程纳入一个闭环供应链网络,在传统市场(TM)和电子市场(EM)中存在商品替代和短缺。特别地,我们在TM/EM中的纯制造模型和TM/EM中的混合再制造模型四种商业模式下,利用动态规划的微积分建立了利润最大化模型和均衡分析模型。在混合生产系统中,对新产品和准新产品进行了动态决策规划。结果表明,在利润最大化方面,新兴市场产生的解决方案优于传统管理企业产生的解决方案。此外,混合再制造模式在一般情况下并没有超越纯制造模式,但在竞争激烈、再制造成本较小、全新商品市场规模较大、类似新商品市场规模较小等特定条件下表现更好。
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引用次数: 1
A branch and bound method in a permutation flow shop with blocking and setup times 具有阻塞和设置时间的排列流车间中的分支和定界方法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2021.10.003
M. S. Nagano, M. Takano, João Vítor Silva Robazzi
In this paper it is presented an improvement of the branch and bound algorithm for the permutation flow shop problem with blocking-in-process and setup times with the objective of minimizing the total flow time and tardiness, which is known to be NP-Hard when there are two or more machines involved. With that objective in mind, a new machine-based lower bound that exploits some structural properties of the problem. A database with 27 classes of problems, varying in number of jobs (n) and number of machines (m) was used to perform the computational experiments. Results show that the algorithm can deal with most of the problems with less than 20 jobs in less than one hour. Thus, the method proposed in this work can solve the scheduling of many applications in manufacturing environments with limited buffers and separated setup times.
本文提出了一种改进的分支定界算法,用于求解具有加工阻塞和设置时间的置换流水车间问题,其目标是最小化总流时间和延迟,当涉及两台或两台以上机器时,该问题是np困难的。带着这个目标,我们提出了一个新的基于机器的下界,它利用了问题的一些结构特性。使用一个包含27类问题的数据库来执行计算实验,这些问题在作业数量(n)和机器数量(m)上有所不同。结果表明,该算法可以在不到1小时的时间内处理20个作业以内的大部分问题。因此,本文提出的方法可以解决有限缓冲和分离设置时间的制造环境中许多应用程序的调度问题。
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引用次数: 1
An exact algorithm for constrained k-cardinality unbalanced assignment problem 约束k-基数不平衡分配问题的精确算法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2021.10.002
A. Prakash, U. Balakrishna, Jayanth Kumar Thenepalle
An assignment problem (AP) usually deals with how a set of persons/tasks can be assigned to a set of tasks/persons on a one-to-one basis in an optimal manner. It has been observed that balancing among the persons and jobs in several real-world situations is very hard, thus such scenarios can be seen as unbalanced assignment models (UAP) being a lack of workforce. The solution techniques presented in the literature for solving UAP’s depend on the assumption to allocate some of the tasks to fictitious persons; those tasks assigned to dummy persons are ignored at the end. However, some situations in which it is inevitable to assign more tasks to a single person. This paper addresses a practical variant of UAP called k-cardinality unbalanced assignment problem (k-UAP), in which only of persons are asked to perform jobs and all the persons should perform at least one and at most jobs. The k-UAP aims to determine the optimal assignment between persons and jobs. To tackle this problem optimally, an enumerative Lexi-search algorithm (LSA) is proposed. A comparative study is carried out to measure the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The computational results indicate that the suggested LSA is having the great capability of solving the smaller and moderate instances optimally.
分配问题(AP)通常涉及如何以最佳方式将一组人员/任务一对一地分配给另一组任务/人员。据观察,在一些现实世界的情况下,人员和工作之间的平衡是非常困难的,因此这种情况可以被视为缺乏劳动力的不平衡分配模型(UAP)。文献中提出的解决UAP问题的方法依赖于将一些任务分配给虚拟人员的假设;那些分配给虚拟人的任务最终会被忽略。然而,在某些情况下,将更多的任务分配给一个人是不可避免的。本文研究了UAP的一个实际变体,称为k-基数不平衡分配问题(k-UAP),其中只要求其中的一个人执行工作,并且所有的人都应该执行至少一个或最多一个工作。k-UAP旨在确定人与工作之间的最优分配。为了最优地解决这一问题,提出了一种枚举字典搜索算法(LSA)。通过对比研究来衡量所提算法的效率。计算结果表明,所提出的LSA具有较好的求解小实例和中等实例的能力。
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引用次数: 3
The effect of probabilistic incentives to promote cooperation during the pandemics using simulation of multi-agent evolutionary game 基于多智能体进化博弈模拟的流行病期间概率激励对促进合作的影响
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.3.001
P. Esmaeili, A. Makui, S. Seyedhosseini, R. Ghousi
Social dilemmas describe conflict situations between immediate self-interest and longer-term collective interests. In these situations, it is better that all players work together to attain a common goal, but individuals may threaten the best payoff of the group by free-riding. Human behavior in a pandemic is one example of a social dilemma but wait-and-see games and relying on herd immunity to get a free ride generates a threat of continuing the pandemic. This study aims to use probabilistic incentives given by a third party as a mechanism to inhibit free-riding behavior by promoting cooperation in the volunteer dilemma game. For more realistic human behavior simulation, we use an agent-based model of network topology. When the parameters of the problem change gradually, an abrupt jump in the cooperation rate may happen and lead to a significant shift in the outcome. Catastrophe theory is a valuable approach to survey these nonlinear changes. This study tries to give some managerial insights to the decision-makers to find the minimum level of necessary effort in which the cooperation dominates the defection.
社会困境描述了当前个人利益与长期集体利益之间的冲突情况。在这种情况下,最好是所有玩家一起努力实现一个共同的目标,但个人可能会因搭便车而威胁到团队的最佳收益。大流行中的人类行为是社会困境的一个例子,但观望游戏和依靠群体免疫搭便车会造成大流行持续的威胁。本研究旨在利用第三方提供的概率激励机制,通过促进志愿者困境博弈中的合作来抑制搭便车行为。为了更逼真的人类行为模拟,我们使用基于代理的网络拓扑模型。当问题的参数逐渐变化时,可能会出现合作率的突然跃升,并导致结果的显著变化。突变理论是研究这些非线性变化的一个有价值的方法。本研究试图为决策者提供一些管理见解,以找到合作主导背叛的最低必要努力水平。
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引用次数: 1
Optimization of two-dimensional irregular bin packing problem considering slit distance and free rotation of pieces 考虑狭缝距离和碎片自由旋转的二维不规则装箱问题的优化
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.8.001
Zi Wang, Daofang Chang, Xingyu Man
In this paper, we present a two-dimensional irregular bin packing problem (2DIBPP) that takes into account the slit distance and allows the pieces to rotate freely. The target is to arrange a specified collection of pieces with irregular shapes into a minimal number of bins. Firstly, we develop a mathematical model for the 2DIBPP that considers slit distance and free rotation of the pieces, and an equidistant edge expansion approach is then proposed to handle the slit distance. Secondly, a two-stage method is implemented to get a finite collection of promising rotation angles, effectively decreasing the search neighbourhood. Thirdly, we decompose the 2DIBPP into two sub-problems: piece assignment and packing. The Partial Bin Packing (PBP) strategy is employed in the allocation stage, and we adopt an overlap minimization method to pack the pieces into an individual bin. Finally, we use a local search (LS) algorithm to advance the quality of the solutions by adjusting the piece assignment across bins. Experimental evidence exhibits that our approach is competitive in most instances of the literature, with four better results in five benchmark instances.
在本文中,我们提出了一个考虑狭缝距离并允许碎片自由旋转的二维不规则装箱问题(2DIBPP)。目标是将指定的不规则形状的碎片集合安排到最小数量的箱子中。首先,我们建立了考虑狭缝距离和碎片自由旋转的2DIBPP数学模型,然后提出了等距边缘展开方法来处理狭缝距离。其次,采用两阶段算法得到有希望的旋转角度的有限集合,有效地减小了搜索邻域;第三,我们将2DIBPP分解为两个子问题:件分配和包装。在分配阶段采用局部箱包装(PBP)策略,采用重叠最小化的方法将零件打包到一个单独的箱中。最后,我们使用局部搜索(LS)算法,通过调整跨箱的块分配来提高解的质量。实验证据表明,我们的方法在大多数文献实例中具有竞争力,在五个基准实例中有四个更好的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Optimizing the learning process of multi-layer perceptrons using a hybrid algorithm based on MVO and SA 基于MVO和SA的多层感知器学习过程优化混合算法
IF 3.3 3区 工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2022.5.003
Ö. Yılmaz, A. A. Altun, Murat Köklü
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the artificial intelligence techniques used in real-world problems and applications encountered in almost all industries such as education, health, chemistry, food, informatics, logistics, transportation. ANN is widely used in many techniques such as optimization, modelling, classification and forecasting, and many empirical studies have been carried out in areas such as planning, inventory management, maintenance, quality control, econometrics, supply chain management and logistics related to ANN. The most important and just as hard stage of ANNs is the learning process. This process is about finding optimal values in the search space for different datasets. In this process, the values generated by training algorithms are used as network parameters and are directly effective in the success of the neural network (NN). In classical training techniques, problems such as local optimum and slow convergence are encountered. Meta-heuristic algorithms for the training of ANNs in the face of this negative situation have been used in many studies as an alternative. In this study, a new hybrid algorithm namely MVOSANN is suggested for the training of ANNs, using Simulated annealing (SA) and Multi-verse optimizer (MVO) algorithms. The suggested MVOSANN algorithm has been experimented on 12 prevalently classification datasets. The productivity of MVOSANN has been compared with 12 well-recognized and current meta-heuristic algorithms. Experimental results show that MVOSANN produces very successful and competitive results.
人工神经网络(ann)是一种人工智能技术,用于解决几乎所有行业(如教育、卫生、化学、食品、信息学、物流、运输)中遇到的现实问题和应用。人工神经网络广泛应用于优化、建模、分类、预测等诸多技术领域,在规划、库存管理、维修、质量控制、计量经济学、供应链管理、物流等领域开展了大量与人工神经网络相关的实证研究。人工神经网络最重要也是最难的阶段是学习过程。这个过程是关于在不同数据集的搜索空间中找到最优值。在这个过程中,训练算法产生的值被用作网络参数,直接影响神经网络的成功。在传统的训练方法中,会遇到局部最优和慢收敛等问题。面对这种消极情况,人工神经网络训练的元启发式算法已经在许多研究中作为一种替代方法被使用。本文提出了一种新的混合算法MVOSANN,利用模拟退火(SA)和多重宇宙优化器(MVO)算法来训练人工神经网络。提出的MVOSANN算法已经在12个流行的分类数据集上进行了实验。MVOSANN的生产率与12种公认的和当前的元启发式算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,MVOSANN产生了非常成功和有竞争力的结果。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations
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