Work-A Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation最新文献

BackgroundEmotional Intelligence (EI) as the ability to identify, use, understand and regulate emotions to solve problems could be an important indicator in the work environment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to model the effect of EI on the accidents by using the mediating role of variables such as job stress, job burnout, and job satisfaction.MethodsThis study was conducted among 300 employes (case group; with accident experience and control group; without any accident experience) in one of Iran's oil industries. Data on EI, job stress, job burnout and job satisfaction were collected using questionnaires. Along with data analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to model the relationships between the research variables.ResultsEI demonstrated a significant negative direct effect on accidents, with a coefficient of -0.27, whereas job satisfaction had a significant positive effect on accidents, with a coefficient of 0.25. Notably, only job satisfaction acted as a mediator, and EI had a significant negative total effect on accidents through job satisfaction, with a coefficient of -0.18.ConclusionsSEM showed significant direct negative effects of EI on accident occurrence, significant indirect effects of EI on accidents were also shown through the partial mediating role of job satisfaction.

Background: Sudden death from overwork, or "karoshi," is poorly understood, particularly regarding its underlying pathogenesis. Forensic studies have shown myocardial interstitial fibrosis in patients with a history of prolonged overwork, but the mechanisms connecting overwork to cardiovascular disorders remain unclear. Objective: This study investigates Klotho expression in the heart and kidney of an overworked rat model. We hypothesize that overwork alters Klotho levels, contributing to myocardial fibrosis and cardiovascular dysfunction. Methods: An overworked rat model (n = 5) was established using the Forced Swim Test, which involved 30 consecutive days of forced swimming. The expression of Klotho was assessed in myocardial and renal tissues and serum using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Masson's staining was performed to evaluate myocardial interstitial fibrosis, and statistical analyses were conducted to compare the differences between the overworked and control (n = 5) groups. Results: We found a significant decrease in Klotho expression in myocardial and renal tissues and serum in the overworked group compared to controls. Overworked rats exhibited notable myocardial fibrosis, while kidney fibrosis was minimal. These results suggest that overwork reduces Klotho levels and induces myocardial fibrosis. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that overwork reduces Klotho expression and promotes myocardial fibrosis, shedding light on the pathophysiology of karoshi and related cardiovascular diseases. Further research is needed to explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting Klotho to prevent overwork-induced cardiovascular damage.

BackgroundResilience is a system performance feature and integration in a management framework. The aim of resilience engineering (RE) is to improve the capacity to mitigate variations in system performance when faced with changes, disruptions, and uncertainties. Social network analysis (SNA) enables the examination of intricate human systems by visualizing and describing relationships among individuals, groups, and entities.ObjectiveThis paper is aimed at evaluating RE to improve safety management performance using an SNA approach.MethodsIn the present study, the databases ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used. The keywords for the searches included 'resilience engineering', 'resilience', 'safety management', and 'social network analysis'.ResultsSNA, which is frequently employed to examine relationships and structures within networks, offers valuable tools for analyzing and enhancing the resilience of interconnected systems. SNA is a quantitative approach rooted in graph theory and mathematical symbols. The process of SNA entails conducting a survey to gather data from participants, refining the collected data, and utilizing software such as Gephi to map social networks.ConclusionsAssessing the RE of organizations through SNA can provide a better understanding of how individuals and groups interact, and how determining the nature of these interactions can impact safety management performance. Because appropriate communication among employees, as well as appropriate and desirable communication between managers and employees, and vice versa, can play a significant role in improving safety management performance. Appropriate and desirable communications by creating a strong structure led to an increase in the organization's ability to respond to safety issues, effective improvement, and active participation in accident prevention, ultimately playing a very important role in enhancing organizational resilience in safety management performance.

BackgroundChinese manufacturing workers have been carrying out repetitive, monotonous and fast-paced operations for a long time, long working hours and maintaining the same working posture, dense assembly lines, crowded working space, etc., resulting in various physical and mental health problems of workers.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand the mental health of Chinese manufacturing workers and investigate the correlation among occupational stress, coping style and depressive symptoms.MethodsA total of 2083 workers from two manufacturing enterprises in Beijing City and four manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province are selected as study subjects using judgment sampling method. The occupational stress, coping style, and depression symptoms are accessed using the Core Occupational Stress Measurement Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, and we analyze the correlation among occupational stress, coping style and depressive symptoms.ResultsThis is a cross-sectional and correlational study. The sample of the study consisted of 2083 Chinese manufacturing workers. The average scores of occupational stress, positive coping style, negative coping style and depressive symptoms among the study subjects are 45.2, 31.7, 23.7 and 6.3, respectively. The detection rates of occupational stress and depressive symptoms are 29.5% and 15.7%. Depressive symptoms are positively correlated with occupational stress and negative coping style (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with positive coping style (p < 0.001). Occupational stress is positively correlated with negative coping style (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with positive coping style (p < 0.001). The four dimensions of occupational stress explained 15.8% of variation in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). The inclusion of the two dimensions of coping style on the above basis can explain 19.3% of the variation in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the four dimensions of occupational stress has a statistically significant effect on depressive symptoms (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOccupational stress can directly affect the occurrence of depressive symptoms in Chinese manufacturing workers. Coping style moderates the effect of occupational stress on depressive symptoms. Positive coping style can help alleviate the adverse effects of occupational stress and reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.

BackgroundWorkplace accommodations play a crucial role in supporting cancer survivors' return to work. Understanding the available evidence on these accommodations can inform policies and practices that enhance workforce reintegration.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to map and synthesize evidence on workplace accommodations for cancer survivors, addressing the research question: How does the literature report accommodations in the workplace for cancer survivors?MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Journal of Cancer Survivorship, identifying 372 articles published between 2012 and 2022. Studies included were peer-reviewed, focused on return-to-work accommodations for cancer survivors, available in Portuguese or English, and accessible online. The review analyzed studies involving men and women aged 15 or older with various cancer types.ResultsAfter applying inclusion criteria, 31 articles were analyzed. Research activity peaked in two specific years, but publications were consistent throughout the period. The reviewed studies employed diverse methodologies, including literature reviews, qualitative, mixed-methods, and quantitative approaches. Workplace accommodations were categorized into key themes: organizational changes, environmental support, public and company policies, employer and employee education, comprehensive multidisciplinary support, and communication strategies.ConclusionsThe findings emphasize the significance of organizational changes in facilitating cancer survivors' return to work. Robust public policies, inclusive workplace environments, and effective communication are essential for sustainable reintegration. Employer commitment and multidisciplinary support play critical roles in ensuring long-term success.

Background: The perception of ergonomic characteristics is a factor that influences product handling or purchase. It is vital to study it to design items that mitigating the posture and load risk factors. Objective: Identify the ergonomic descriptors of general-purpose hoe-type hand tools related to operators' perception of comfort. Method: A pre-study was carried out to identify descriptors associated with the concepts of comfort and discomfort. In conjunction with a survey of 50 participants in the study, a literature review was conducted. The data that was obtained was filtered, and the degree of association that the word had with the term comfort was explored with 64 distinct users employing the semantic differential. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to enlace these descriptors to more generic terms. Results: The adjectives linked with comfort may be classified into seven major components, with a total variation of 63.99%. Factor 1 explains 18.95% of the results and is associated with perceptions of physical well-being; factor 2 with perceptions of structural solidity; factor 3 with tool appearance; factor 4 with professional identity; factor 5 with perceptions of quality; factor 6 with posture comfort; and factor 7 with perceptions of efficiency. Conclusion: This study provides useful information for designers in the development of hoe-type hand tools with ergonomic properties related with comfort. Reducing discomfort in terms of comfort may help reduce the risk of developing musculoskeletal illnesses by avoiding demanding postures and muscle and joint overloads.

BackgroundHealthcare professionals are service providers playing a vital role in providing timely, adequate, high-grade, and effective health services quantitatively and qualitatively in devastating natural disasters such as earthquakes.ObjectiveThis study to learn in detail the experiences, strategies for coping with difficulties, achievements, and suggestions for the future of senior manager nurses who experienced Kahramanmaraş Center Earthquakes on 6 February 2023, including those who served immediately after the earthquake, and are still serving in the region.MethodsThis study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological qualitative design. Participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method and 12 senior manager nurses consented to participate in the study.ResultsThe participants expressed the difficulties they experienced as earthquake survivors and as healthcare professionals working with reduced personnel because of loss of human life. Previous training on crisis management and disasters was very different from taking charge directly during this disaster. From such a devastating earthquake disaster, the participants gained the ability to cope with events, to understand the importance of immediate response, and to use resources effectively.ConclusionsThe participants shared their disaster experiences and made suggestions for the future such as assigning personnel who have not experienced disasters, preparing stock and logistics.

BackgroundWork disability due to musculoskeletal and mental health disorders constitutes one of the greatest social and labor market challenges. There is a need to investigate the long-term impact of interventions provided to employees.ObjectiveTo investigate if a brief work-oriented intervention targeting musculoskeletal and mental health disorders affected the risk of work disability.MethodsA prospective study using national register data was designed. The intervention group consisted of all patients (n = 6348) who in the years 2008-2017 participated in a brief intervention at an outpatient clinic in the secondary health care service. The comparison group (n = 25,354) consisted of employees sick-listed for musculoskeletal or mental health disorders in the same years as the intervention group. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model the effect of the intervention on the risk of future disability pension. Overall and subgroup analyses for gender and diagnoses were conducted for various categories of full-time equivalent number of days lost to work.ResultsGenerally, there was a pattern of increased risk of disability among patients in the intervention group if they participated in the intervention in an early phase of sick leave. This pattern was found in the overall analysis, for males, females, and patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Except for patients with only musculoskeletal disorders, there was a pattern of reduced risk of disability with sick leave of between three and six months.ConclusionsOverall, the intervention did not reduce the risk of disability. However, the results do indicate that intervention timing may be of significance.

BackgroundProfessional activity and intellectual knowledge in the field of human resource development are comparatively modern. Due to organizations' strong interest in managing human resources in the face of fierce competition and shifting business conditions, this field of management development has experienced the quickest growth over the past decades.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to examine the human resource development practices impacting the employee efficiency and organization effectiveness. The following topics are essential to the study a) human resource development practices, b) employee attitude, c) employee performance, d) employee engagement, e) employee well-being, f) organization productivity, g) customer satisfaction, h) employee retention, i) profit maximation.MethodsA structured questionnaire is developed with 45 questions and data is collected from 192 managers, supervisors, and staff members of top-ranked Indian IT businesses. Those collected data were analyzed using regression and SEM analysis. By performing SEM analysis we conclude that human resource development practices positively affect employee performance and employee well-being.ResultsThe findings of the study reveal that the human resource development practices positively affect employee performance and employee well-being; and also show that human resource development practices have a marginal influence on organizational productivity, customer satisfaction, and company profitability.ConclusionThis research mainly focuses on human resource development practices (training and development, performance appraisal, feedback & counselling, and rewards & recognition) impacting the employee attitude, employee performance, employee engagement, employee well-being, organization productivity, customer satisfaction, employee retention and profit maximation.

BackgroundRemote working conditions likely enhance changes in lifestyle habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and need to be investigated in different populations.ObjectiveTo describe the practice of well-being activities during the pandemic and verify the association with Work-Time Control (WTC) in remote modality.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of data from 1987 teleworkers from ELSA-Brasil in the Wave-COVID (July/2020 and February/2021). Self-administered online questionnaires were used. WTC was assessed using a specific scale, categorized as "Strong" or "Weak". Well-being activities included those to relieve stress and were categorized according to practice as "Yes" or "No". Poisson regression was conducted to identify the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the practice of well-being activities according to WTC, performed in SPSS 21.0, p < 0.05.ResultsThe most frequently reported activity was "Watching TV/Films/Series" (91.2%) by men and "Cook" (93.7%) by women. The prevalence of "prayer/participate in prayer groups", "physical activity/stretching indoors" and "reading books/magazines" were higher in men with strong WTC compared to those with weak WTC (PR = 1.30 [95%CI 1.11-1.53]; PR = 1.15 [95%CI 1.02-1.31]; PR = 1.08 [95%CI 1.01-1.15], respectively). Similar results were observed among women (PR = 1.17 [95%CI 1.005-1.37] for "deep breathing techniques" and PR = 1.16 [95%CI 1.03-1.32] for "physical activity/stretching indoors").ConclusionsThe practice of certain well-being activities was more prevalent among workers who had strong WTC in remote work. Its necessary to regulate remote work environments and encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits in this context.