Work-A Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation最新文献

Background: Psychological issues and work-related violence are the main challenges faced by medical staff. The situation has become even more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This research aimed to analyze the relationships among work-related violence, occupational stress and psychological distress and to further identify the direct or indirect effects of violence on psychological distress.

Methods: A total of 1,765 medical staff members were surveyed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Revised Occupational Stress Inventory. Work-related violence was assessed using a self-made 5-question questionnaire. STATA 14.0 and Amos 21.0 software were used for correlation analysis, variance analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis.

Results: A total of 66.1% of the medical staff suffered workplace violence, and 61.2% witnessed workplace violence. The psychological distress score (Kessler 10 Scale) of the medical staff was 22.7±7.67. The psychological strain score and physical strain score were 26.8±7.14 and 24.2±6.51, respectively. Work-related violence (suffered: β= 0.467; witnessed: β= 0.258) and occupational stress (psychological strain: β= 0.269; physical strain: β= 0.317) were predictors of psychological distress, and social support (β= -0.265) was a protective factor. Work-related violence and social support had both direct and indirect effects on psychological distress, and the intermediate factor was occupational stress. The total effects of suffered workplace violence and witnessed workplace violence were 0.181 and 0.092, respectively, and the total effect of social support was -0.262.

Conclusions: Work-related violence may exacerbate symptoms of occupational stress and psychological distress. Reducing workplace violence and protecting medical staff from work-related violence are extremely important aspects of mental health prevention.

Background: Despite increased public awareness of the professional, integration of people with disabilities, they encounter more difficulties than their non-disabled counterparts in accessing employment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators to hiring and retaining people with disabilities from the perspective of employers in the private and public sector in France.

Methods: This was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with forty-two employers from public structures or private companies. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used as a guideline to secure accurate and complete reporting of the study.

Results: Among barriers we found that 1. Stereotypes persist about disability, still associated with lower productivity and dangerous behaviour; 2. Disabilities were associated with costs that were considered too high; 3. Disabilities management was seen as an administrative burden. 4. The bumps of inclusion. We also highlighted facilitators such as 1. A public sector is a more favourable environment 2. Employer's personal motivation to hire people with disabilities; 3. The support by Job Coaches was seen as a powerful facilitator.

Conclusions: The decision to hire people with disabilities depends on many personal, societal and organisational factors. This study has contributed to a better understanding of their interrelationships and could be useful in developing more effective strategies for the inclusion of people with disabilities.

Background: Neck discomfort, arising from strained muscles, poor posture, accidents, or underlying medical conditions, significantly impacts daily activities and overall well-being, presenting a substantial healthcare challenge.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of motor control therapeutic neck exercise and a Structured Exercise Program on neck pain and posture among automobile industrial workers.

Methods: Using a lottery technique, 106 participants aged 20 to 45 were selected from the vicinity of Chennai's auto industries based on predetermined eligibility and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to either the motor control therapeutic neck exercise group or the structured exercise program group, each comprising 53 individuals. Participants received a comprehensive overview of the study and respective interventions, and their informed consent was obtained. Demographic details, Neck Injury and Disability scores, and Assessment of Postural and Ergonomic Characteristics data were then collected.

Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups, with the Motor Control Therapeutic Neck Exercise group demonstrating superior outcomes in reducing pain and improving posture, with p-values less than 0.001.

Conclusions: This study highlights the efficacy of Motor Control Therapeutic Neck Exercise over Structured Exercise in improving neck pain and posture among automobile industrial workers. These findings contribute valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions in occupational health settings.

Background: As a developing country, the number of emergency nurses in China is not growing nearly as rapidly as the number of patients, which puts a great deal of stress on emergency nurses' working hours and may thus impede care quality and patient safety.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between time pressure and voice behavior and to explore whether temporal leadership acts as a moderator in the relationship between time pressure and voice behavior.

Methods: Data were collected using scales that have been published in authoritative foreign journals and translated and validated by Chinese scholars. To examine the results more accurately, this paper used the partial least squares (PLS) approach to analyze the research model and verify the research hypothesis.

Results: The results of the path analysis and hypothesis testing showed that challenge time pressure and hindrance time pressure both positively and significantly influenced prohibitive voice and promotive voice, while the moderating effect of temporal leadership on the relationship between time pressure and voice behavior was not significant.

Conclusions: Our study revealed that challenge time pressure positively influences emergency nurses' promotive voice and motivates them to provide their opinions in a reasonable way, while hindrance time pressure motivates emergency nurses' prohibitive voice, which is not conducive to the improvement of overall organizational functioning and may even damage otherwise good organizational relationships. Furthermore, the study found that the level of temporal leadership does not affect the strength of the relationship between time pressure and voice behavior.

Background: The increasing prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) necessitates a reevaluation of physiotherapy department design. Optimizing these spaces is crucial as they serve as primary settings for preventing and managing WRMSDs, highlighting the need for a forward-thinking approach.

Objective: This study aims to outline a vision for future research by identifying key strategies to prevent WRMSDs and enhance operational efficiency in physiotherapy departments.

Methods: Ergonomics, workplace safety, and physiotherapy practices formed the basis for this paper in identifying the current challenges and opportunities in departmental design. Expert insights and feedback from healthcare practitioners aiding in the formulation of innovative solutions and recommendations for future research endeavors.

Results: Integration of ergonomic principles, advanced technologies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and proactive safety measures into physiotherapy department design improve working environments for physiotherapists.

Conclusion: Envisioning the future of physiotherapy department design offers promising avenues for improving patient care outcomes and supporting therapist well-being.

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE), also called tennis elbow, is a common musculoskeletal disorder that causes pain in the elbow area and is highly prevalent in assembly workers who repeatedly move their wrists.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the wrist ROM and muscle strength of assembly workers with and without LE.

Methods: Forty-five male assembly line workers (23 with LE) participated in the study. Participants had their wrist range of motion (flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation) and strength (wrist flexors, extensors, and hand grip) measured using Smart KEMA sensors.

Results: Workers with LE showed significantly reduced wrist extension and radial deviation ROM compared to workers without LE, with no significant differences in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation ROM between groups. Workers with LE had significantly lower wrist extensor strength compared to workers without LE, and there was no significant difference in wrist flexor and grip strength between the two groups.

Conclusions: For workers with LE, the difference in wrist ROM and muscle strength will be useful for planning intervention and evaluating treatment outcomes for assembly workers with LE.

Background: Being in a state of high occupational stress may disrupt the metabolic balance of the body, thus increasing the risk of metabolic diseases. However, the evidence about the relationship between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome was limited.

Objectives: To explore the association between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in employees of a power grid enterprise.

Methods: A total of 1091 employees were recruited from a power grid enterprise in China. Excluding those who failed to complete the questionnaire and those who had incomplete health check-ups, 945 subjects were included in the study. Assessment of occupational stress was used by job demand-control (JDC) and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaires, respectively. The information on body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the fasting venous blood samples were measured. Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression methods were used to analyze the correlation between JDC and ERI models of occupational stress, metabolic syndrome, and its components, respectively.

Results: The prevalence of MetS was 8.4% and 9.9% in JDC and ERI model high occupational stress employees, respectively. ERI model occupational stress and smoking are significantly associated with the risk of MetS. ERI ratio was significantly associated with lower HDL-C levels. Gender, age, marital status, smoking, high-temperature and high-altitude work were significantly associated with metabolic component levels.

Conclusion: Our study revealed a high detection rate of occupational stress in both JDC and ERI models among employees of a power grid enterprise. ERI model occupational stress, demanding more attention, was associated with the risk of MetS as well as its components such as HDL-C.

Background: A quantitative comfort model will aid in evaluating comfort levels of various target groups before the actual flight of an airplane. However, constructing the model is always a challenge due to the complexity of the phenomenon.

Objectives: In this paper, we present quantitative comfort models to predict the (dis)comfort of passengers flying with turboprops based on objective measures.

Methods: Ninety-seven participants took part in two experiments conducted during real flights, during which forty of them had environmental and personal factors recorded using (self-developed) measurement tools. The collected data were analyzed to model the relations between objective measures and subjective feelings.

Results: Two preliminary models based on gradient boosting regression were developed. The models were able to predict the changes in comfort and discomfort of individual passengers with an accuracy of 0.12±0.01 and 0.21±0.01 regarding normalized comfort and discomfort scores, respectively. Additionally, contributions of different factors were highlighted.

Conclusion: The outcomes of the models show that we took a step forward in modeling the human comfort experience using objective measurements. Anthropometry (including age), seat positions, time duration, and row (noise) emerged as leading factors influencing the feeling of (dis)comfort in turboprop planes.

Background: China was once called the world's factory. Chinese workers had long weekly working hours. However, the empirical results of the relationship between overtime work and workers' health are mixed and remain inconclusive.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how overtime work influenced workers' physical and mental health and the role of lifestyles, social support, and work value awareness.

Methods: Data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016 (N = 14,205) was used. The instrumental variable approach was employed to overcome the endogeneity problem between overtime work and workers' health. The bootstrapping method was conducted to elicit the role of lifestyles, social support, and work value awareness.

Results: The results indicated that overtime work significantly and negatively influenced Chinese workers' physical and mental health. The results of the bootstrapping suggested that workers' social support and work value awareness partially mediated the relationship between overtime work and their physical and mental health. However, the mediating role of lifestyles was insignificant.

Conclusion: Through using big data with national representativeness, this study suggests that overtime work negatively influences Chinese workers' physical and mental health. Our findings provide policy implications for improving workers' health rights and well-being in emerging economies.

Background: Measuring treatment expectations using the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (TEC) scale has the potential to help clinicians and researchers better understand the role that treatment expectations play within the framework of multimodal pain management settings.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the cross-cultural adaptation, construct validity and reliability of the TEC Scale in the Turkish language.

Methods: The study included 191 volunteers aged 22-65 with chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This study composed of a six-stage cross-cultural adaptation process, which included translation, translation synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, pre-testing and documentation submission. The Positivity Scale and Illness Cognition Questionnaire were used to measure convergent validity while the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to test divergent validity. The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the TEC scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Scale's internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to evaluate both convergent and divergent validity. The significance level was set at p < .05.

Results: The results of the CFA showed that factor structure of predicted subscale fitted well the data (x2/df = 3,07;CFI = 0,91,IFI = 0,91 TLI = 0,87,RMSEA = 0,10). The results of the CFA indicated that factor structure of ideal subscale fitted well with the data (x2/df = 2,38;CFI = 0,92,IFI = 0,93,TLI = 0,90,RMSEA = 0,08). Both subscales of the TEC were strongly correlated. The predicted subscale had moderate relationships to depression, anxiety, and positivity (r = -0.37 to r = 0.55) but poor correlations with measures of acceptance, perceived benefits and helplessness (r = -0.24 to 0.35). The ideal subscale had moderate correlations with measures of positivity (r = 0.36) and depression (r = -0.38) but poor correlations with measures of acceptance, perceived benefits helplessness and anxiety (r = 0.14).

Conclusions: The Turkish version of the TEC scale is acceptable, valid, and reliable for use in Turkish patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain in physiotherapy outpatient practice.