Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.1177/00111287221095412
J. Wientjes, R. Scholte, A. Cillessen, Marc J. M. H. Delsing
The present study investigated the joint impact of co-occupants and codefendants criminal behavior on adolescent criminal behavior using official Dutch police records. Co-occupant and co-defendant criminal behavior were used as proxies for family and peer criminal behavior, respectively. Data spanning 8 years (2010–2017) were analyzed from 56,802 adolescents, their co-occupants and co-defendants. Cross-lagged analyses were used to investigate prospective effects of co-occupant and co-defendant delinquency on adolescent delinquency. For males, prospective effects were found of co-defendant on adolescent delinquency violent offences, violent property offences, and nonviolent property offences. For females, prospective effects of co-defendants’ delinquency were found for nonviolent property offences. Our findings underscore that having co-defendants with delinquent behavior is an important risk factor for delinquent activities in adolescence.
{"title":"The Joint Impact of Co-occupants and Co-defendants’ Criminal Behavior on Adolescents’ Criminal Behavior: A Cross-Lagged Analysis","authors":"J. Wientjes, R. Scholte, A. Cillessen, Marc J. M. H. Delsing","doi":"10.1177/00111287221095412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221095412","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the joint impact of co-occupants and codefendants criminal behavior on adolescent criminal behavior using official Dutch police records. Co-occupant and co-defendant criminal behavior were used as proxies for family and peer criminal behavior, respectively. Data spanning 8 years (2010–2017) were analyzed from 56,802 adolescents, their co-occupants and co-defendants. Cross-lagged analyses were used to investigate prospective effects of co-occupant and co-defendant delinquency on adolescent delinquency. For males, prospective effects were found of co-defendant on adolescent delinquency violent offences, violent property offences, and nonviolent property offences. For females, prospective effects of co-defendants’ delinquency were found for nonviolent property offences. Our findings underscore that having co-defendants with delinquent behavior is an important risk factor for delinquent activities in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"58 1","pages":"1871 - 1893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86577768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.1177/00111287221096339
Sungil Han, Yeon-ok Park
Some developmental criminologists have focused on the influence of risk factors in an early stage of one’s life to explain criminal behavior and provide catered intervention. However, relatively less attention has been made to situational risk factors in developmental criminology. Recently, the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential theory (ICAP) argued that both long-term antisocial potential and short-term situational factors influence one’s criminal behavior. This study formulated hypotheses derived from ICAP and tested these hypotheses using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The findings indicate that delinquent behavior and substance use of juveniles are related to both long-term risk factors (parent substance use or food insecurity) and situational factors (delinquent peer).
{"title":"Which Risk Factors Plays the Most Critical Role for Delinquent Behavior? Examining Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential Theory","authors":"Sungil Han, Yeon-ok Park","doi":"10.1177/00111287221096339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221096339","url":null,"abstract":"Some developmental criminologists have focused on the influence of risk factors in an early stage of one’s life to explain criminal behavior and provide catered intervention. However, relatively less attention has been made to situational risk factors in developmental criminology. Recently, the Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential theory (ICAP) argued that both long-term antisocial potential and short-term situational factors influence one’s criminal behavior. This study formulated hypotheses derived from ICAP and tested these hypotheses using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The findings indicate that delinquent behavior and substance use of juveniles are related to both long-term risk factors (parent substance use or food insecurity) and situational factors (delinquent peer).","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"42 1","pages":"1947 - 1972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86882889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.1177/00111287221098581
Katelynn Towne, Michael F. Campagna, Ryan Spohn, Amber Richey
This study utilized life story interviews with 21 formerly incarcerated individuals to examine the role vocational reentry programming played in the desistance process. We begin with a review of theories of desistance and the state of reentry programs. A thematic analysis revealed that providers assisted individuals to understand their behavioral trajectories and to take steps toward desistance. Further, participants felt empowered by program provided social support, developed strategies to overcome employment barriers, and held resilient and optimistic attitudes in changing their identities and behavioral trajectories. We conclude with a discussion on how these findings can inform desistance theory and reentry policy.
{"title":"“Put it in Your Toolbox”: How Vocational Programs Support Formerly Incarcerated Persons through Reentry","authors":"Katelynn Towne, Michael F. Campagna, Ryan Spohn, Amber Richey","doi":"10.1177/00111287221098581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221098581","url":null,"abstract":"This study utilized life story interviews with 21 formerly incarcerated individuals to examine the role vocational reentry programming played in the desistance process. We begin with a review of theories of desistance and the state of reentry programs. A thematic analysis revealed that providers assisted individuals to understand their behavioral trajectories and to take steps toward desistance. Further, participants felt empowered by program provided social support, developed strategies to overcome employment barriers, and held resilient and optimistic attitudes in changing their identities and behavioral trajectories. We conclude with a discussion on how these findings can inform desistance theory and reentry policy.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"35 1","pages":"316 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80810121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-14DOI: 10.1177/00111287221090957
Tzu-Hsuan Liu, S. Li
This article contributes to the field of mixed methods by exemplifying the complementarities of two of the most widely used quantitative and qualitative analytic methods to explore the general pattern of the spillover effects on juvenile delinquency. It employed exploratory sequential and convergent mixed-methods. To ensure validity and reliability of the measurement items, the exploratory sequential mixed research design guided construction of the questionnaire and data collection. Structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analyses corroborated the empirical findings. Results from the mixed-methods analyses showed the significance of marital conflict’s spillover effects on juvenile delinquency and recognized the multiple paths through which youth mental health problems and delinquent peer associations operate as key mechanisms connecting marital conflict to juvenile delinquency.
{"title":"From Family to Peer Systems: Mixed-Methods Study of Spillover Mechanisms on Juvenile Delinquency in China","authors":"Tzu-Hsuan Liu, S. Li","doi":"10.1177/00111287221090957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221090957","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the field of mixed methods by exemplifying the complementarities of two of the most widely used quantitative and qualitative analytic methods to explore the general pattern of the spillover effects on juvenile delinquency. It employed exploratory sequential and convergent mixed-methods. To ensure validity and reliability of the measurement items, the exploratory sequential mixed research design guided construction of the questionnaire and data collection. Structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analyses corroborated the empirical findings. Results from the mixed-methods analyses showed the significance of marital conflict’s spillover effects on juvenile delinquency and recognized the multiple paths through which youth mental health problems and delinquent peer associations operate as key mechanisms connecting marital conflict to juvenile delinquency.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"1 1","pages":"1787 - 1810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85347901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.1177/00111287221092718
Ezgi Adıyaman, Saadet Kasman
This paper investigates whether homicide rates among the European Union (EU) member countries tend to converge over the period 1990 to 2018. We use the concept of β-convergence proposed by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992) and employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM, hereafter) methodology for 2-years span panel data of 26 EU member countries. The results provide strong evidence for both absolute and conditional convergence of homicide rates across EU countries. Moreover, speed of homicide convergence is increased by the control variables, namely GDP per capita and unemployment rate. Hence, we conclude that the economic integration contributes to the process of convergence in homicide rates in the EU. JEL classification: O47; C23; K42
本文调查了1990年至2018年期间，欧盟(EU)成员国之间的凶杀率是否趋于一致。我们使用Barro和Sala-i-Martin(1992)提出的β-收敛概念，并采用广义矩量法(Generalized Method of Moments，以下简称GMM)方法对26个欧盟成员国的2年跨度面板数据进行分析。研究结果为欧盟国家杀人率的绝对趋同和条件趋同提供了强有力的证据。此外，人均GDP和失业率这两个控制变量会提高凶杀收敛速度。因此，我们得出结论，经济一体化有助于欧盟谋杀率趋同的过程。JEL分类:O47;C23;K42
{"title":"Convergence in Homicide Rates Across the European Union Countries: Toward an Effective and Genuine Security Union","authors":"Ezgi Adıyaman, Saadet Kasman","doi":"10.1177/00111287221092718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221092718","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether homicide rates among the European Union (EU) member countries tend to converge over the period 1990 to 2018. We use the concept of β-convergence proposed by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992) and employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM, hereafter) methodology for 2-years span panel data of 26 EU member countries. The results provide strong evidence for both absolute and conditional convergence of homicide rates across EU countries. Moreover, speed of homicide convergence is increased by the control variables, namely GDP per capita and unemployment rate. Hence, we conclude that the economic integration contributes to the process of convergence in homicide rates in the EU. JEL classification: O47; C23; K42","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"33 1","pages":"105 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75044278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-03DOI: 10.1177/00111287221090959
Matthew S. Crow, J. Smykla, Haydon O’Brien, Tori Cerna, Alexander Johnson, Sarah Pisaris, Mariana Suarez, Jordyn Wilder
Analysis of scholarship in the physical, biological, and social sciences has discovered that peer-reviewed journals publish a much larger proportion of articles with statistically significant findings compared to articles with null results. Publication bias in criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) has received very little attention, however. The current study is an exploratory analysis of research in leading CCJ journals across 2 years to determine the current state of null findings in contemporary CCJ scholarship. Our findings are consistent with studies in other disciplines; null results are rare in leading CCJ journals. We explore the context of our findings, outline the importance of examining publication bias to improve CCJ research and better inform policy, and discuss the limitations of our approach.
{"title":"What’s in Your File Drawer? The Case of the Missing Null in Criminology and Criminal Justice","authors":"Matthew S. Crow, J. Smykla, Haydon O’Brien, Tori Cerna, Alexander Johnson, Sarah Pisaris, Mariana Suarez, Jordyn Wilder","doi":"10.1177/00111287221090959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221090959","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of scholarship in the physical, biological, and social sciences has discovered that peer-reviewed journals publish a much larger proportion of articles with statistically significant findings compared to articles with null results. Publication bias in criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) has received very little attention, however. The current study is an exploratory analysis of research in leading CCJ journals across 2 years to determine the current state of null findings in contemporary CCJ scholarship. Our findings are consistent with studies in other disciplines; null results are rare in leading CCJ journals. We explore the context of our findings, outline the importance of examining publication bias to improve CCJ research and better inform policy, and discuss the limitations of our approach.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"34 1","pages":"2574 - 2594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78289889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221087957
R. Whaley, J. Abbott
The current study provides the first estimates of criminal victimization prevalence among Nomads and members of the VanLife community. People who live and travel in manufactured recreational vehicles, retrofitted vans or buses, and cars are a heterogenous group who face an unknown risk of life on the road. Analyses reveal high victimization prevalence rates. Guided by lifestyle-routine activities theories, regression analyses reveal that gender, Latino ethnicity, income, and education affect risk of rape, aggravated assault, physical threats, property crime, aggravated property crime, and financial identity theft. Disaggregated analyses highlight those demographics that impact victimization risk for year-round Nomads versus part-timers. Questions about the lifestyles-routine activities of Nomads emerge from the analyses and directions for future research are offered.
{"title":"How Safe Is Life on the Road? Criminal Victimization Among a Sample of U.S. Nomads and the #VanLife Community","authors":"R. Whaley, J. Abbott","doi":"10.1177/00111287221087957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221087957","url":null,"abstract":"The current study provides the first estimates of criminal victimization prevalence among Nomads and members of the VanLife community. People who live and travel in manufactured recreational vehicles, retrofitted vans or buses, and cars are a heterogenous group who face an unknown risk of life on the road. Analyses reveal high victimization prevalence rates. Guided by lifestyle-routine activities theories, regression analyses reveal that gender, Latino ethnicity, income, and education affect risk of rape, aggravated assault, physical threats, property crime, aggravated property crime, and financial identity theft. Disaggregated analyses highlight those demographics that impact victimization risk for year-round Nomads versus part-timers. Questions about the lifestyles-routine activities of Nomads emerge from the analyses and directions for future research are offered.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"326 1","pages":"2124 - 2163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77785778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221084289
Young-An Kim, John R. Hipp, C. Kubrin
We examine the impact of immigrant-serving organizations on neighborhood crime in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, while accounting for other community correlates of crime as well as potential endogeneity. We estimate longitudinal negative binomial regression models that test for the main, mediating, and moderating effects of immigrant-serving organizations. We found that immigrant-serving organizations generally have crime-reducing effects for all types of crime. We also find that high immigrant concentration is associated with lower levels of crime in general, and this effect is moderated by the number of organizations, which underlines the importance of accounting for these organizations when studying the nexus of immigrant concentration and neighborhood crime.
{"title":"Immigrant Organizations and Neighborhood Crime","authors":"Young-An Kim, John R. Hipp, C. Kubrin","doi":"10.1177/00111287221084289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221084289","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the impact of immigrant-serving organizations on neighborhood crime in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, while accounting for other community correlates of crime as well as potential endogeneity. We estimate longitudinal negative binomial regression models that test for the main, mediating, and moderating effects of immigrant-serving organizations. We found that immigrant-serving organizations generally have crime-reducing effects for all types of crime. We also find that high immigrant concentration is associated with lower levels of crime in general, and this effect is moderated by the number of organizations, which underlines the importance of accounting for these organizations when studying the nexus of immigrant concentration and neighborhood crime.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"7 1","pages":"1948 - 1976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91102020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-25DOI: 10.1177/00111287221088036
Nicole L. Collier, D. Mears
Studies suggest that there is a linear and positive relationship between family size and delinquency. However, questions exist about this assessment. Drawing on prior scholarship and analyses, we revisit and test the family size-delinquency relationship. We also test whether the effect varies by sibling relatedness. Results indicate no consistent or large criminogenic effect of larger families on delinquency and that the relationship is considerably more complicated than what prior work has identified. Some beneficial effects are identified for children in full biological households, some criminogenic effects are identified for children from non-full biological households, and the relationships are curvilinear. Findings underscore the need to revisit research on family size and delinquency and to take into account sibling relatedness.
{"title":"Delinquent by the Dozen: Youth From Larger Families Engage in More Delinquency—Fact or Myth?","authors":"Nicole L. Collier, D. Mears","doi":"10.1177/00111287221088036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221088036","url":null,"abstract":"Studies suggest that there is a linear and positive relationship between family size and delinquency. However, questions exist about this assessment. Drawing on prior scholarship and analyses, we revisit and test the family size-delinquency relationship. We also test whether the effect varies by sibling relatedness. Results indicate no consistent or large criminogenic effect of larger families on delinquency and that the relationship is considerably more complicated than what prior work has identified. Some beneficial effects are identified for children in full biological households, some criminogenic effects are identified for children from non-full biological households, and the relationships are curvilinear. Findings underscore the need to revisit research on family size and delinquency and to take into account sibling relatedness.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"98 1","pages":"1843 - 1870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83584589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1177/00111287221087949
K. Mueller, M. T. Carey, Keeyoon Noh
The Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) is a popular risk-assessment tool used in juvenile justice systems across the country. This study is an effort at revalidating the PACT in the context of a large Southern city by utilizing days to recidivism in the context of survival analysis. The current research is concerned with whether the PACT’s risk classifications are effective in predicting recidivism. Findings indicate that the PACT effectively predicts recidivism better than chance and that recidivism is especially common early on in probation, with most incidents taking place within the first 200 days. However, the predictive validity of the PACT is not strong for the study population, and its implementation may benefit from context-specific reforms.
{"title":"Revalidating the Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) in a Major City: A Survival Analysis","authors":"K. Mueller, M. T. Carey, Keeyoon Noh","doi":"10.1177/00111287221087949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00111287221087949","url":null,"abstract":"The Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) is a popular risk-assessment tool used in juvenile justice systems across the country. This study is an effort at revalidating the PACT in the context of a large Southern city by utilizing days to recidivism in the context of survival analysis. The current research is concerned with whether the PACT’s risk classifications are effective in predicting recidivism. Findings indicate that the PACT effectively predicts recidivism better than chance and that recidivism is especially common early on in probation, with most incidents taking place within the first 200 days. However, the predictive validity of the PACT is not strong for the study population, and its implementation may benefit from context-specific reforms.","PeriodicalId":51406,"journal":{"name":"Crime & Delinquency","volume":"23 1","pages":"2678 - 2698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82541697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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