Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2090530
R. Walshe, L. Law
Abstract Urban community gardens are well known as safe and friendly spaces that help shape a sense of community. Their capacity to reflect these ideals in the higher education policy sector has been less examined, even though students are particularly well-disposed to reaping the healing benefits of gardens. COVID-19 displaced students and shut down campuses globally. With Australian universities reopening, fostering a sense of community and re-establishing campus culture is among top priorities. This paper uses a multiple case-study methodology to explore how a unique policy instrument—the university ‘masterplan’–expresses the benefits of campus community gardens, as green community spaces, and how they might better aid universities in achieving strategic missions. The research compares dominant themes in the community garden literature with the visions of campus masterplans to understand how community gardens might be better positioned as tools for place and community building. The results provide a finer-grained understanding of green infrastructure in campus master planning for a post-COVID-19 moment.
{"title":"Building community (gardens) on university campuses: masterplanning green-infrastructure for a post-COVID moment","authors":"R. Walshe, L. Law","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2090530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2090530","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban community gardens are well known as safe and friendly spaces that help shape a sense of community. Their capacity to reflect these ideals in the higher education policy sector has been less examined, even though students are particularly well-disposed to reaping the healing benefits of gardens. COVID-19 displaced students and shut down campuses globally. With Australian universities reopening, fostering a sense of community and re-establishing campus culture is among top priorities. This paper uses a multiple case-study methodology to explore how a unique policy instrument—the university ‘masterplan’–expresses the benefits of campus community gardens, as green community spaces, and how they might better aid universities in achieving strategic missions. The research compares dominant themes in the community garden literature with the visions of campus masterplans to understand how community gardens might be better positioned as tools for place and community building. The results provide a finer-grained understanding of green infrastructure in campus master planning for a post-COVID-19 moment.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"980 - 991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2089351
K. Hearn, F. Carrer
Abstract International borderland landscapes have a shared history through the movement of ideas, people, culture, and even conflict. Understanding the similarities and nuanced differences of temporal landscape change between frontiers requires approaches that can effectively detail and explain the territorial evolution of both countries. Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) is a valuable methodological tool originally used for landscape studies in the United Kingdom. Its application outside of Britain has been limited. In this pilot study, HLC is used in the Duero River borderland context of Spain and Portugal. It is a rural region with a common history, but it also presents new methodological challenges in the acquisition of source data and the creation of a typology that effectively characterises the region while also recognising the distinctiveness between nations. This research presents the development of the classes and broad types chosen for this analysis and demonstrates their diachronic evolution to the present.
{"title":"The historic character of a depopulating borderland: historic landscape characterisation on the Duero River","authors":"K. Hearn, F. Carrer","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2089351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2089351","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract International borderland landscapes have a shared history through the movement of ideas, people, culture, and even conflict. Understanding the similarities and nuanced differences of temporal landscape change between frontiers requires approaches that can effectively detail and explain the territorial evolution of both countries. Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) is a valuable methodological tool originally used for landscape studies in the United Kingdom. Its application outside of Britain has been limited. In this pilot study, HLC is used in the Duero River borderland context of Spain and Portugal. It is a rural region with a common history, but it also presents new methodological challenges in the acquisition of source data and the creation of a typology that effectively characterises the region while also recognising the distinctiveness between nations. This research presents the development of the classes and broad types chosen for this analysis and demonstrates their diachronic evolution to the present.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"913 - 935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48538739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-26DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2090531
A. Fox, Hannah Macpherson, Nischal Oli, A. Ranjit, Sangeeta Thapa, S. Aggett, A. Church
Abstract In this paper, we show how mobile drawing methodologies can bring the dynamic, relational and non-representational qualities of landscape encounters to the foreground. The research paper discusses a mobile drawing project that took place in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The project entitled ‘Taxi Guff-Gaff’ invited participants to undertake a collaborative drawing and conversational journey. Mobile drawing together on a bumpy taxi journey required artist participants to move together and literally ‘pay attention to the moment at hand’. In so doing it produced imagery that foregrounds the inherent dynamic quality of all our landscape encounters. We propose that mobile drawing offers an immersive way to relate to the urban landscape and each other and can open up spaces of landscape research that centre on speculative forms of thinking, being, drawing and conversation.
{"title":"Mobile drawing methods in landscape research: collaborative drawing in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","authors":"A. Fox, Hannah Macpherson, Nischal Oli, A. Ranjit, Sangeeta Thapa, S. Aggett, A. Church","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2090531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2090531","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we show how mobile drawing methodologies can bring the dynamic, relational and non-representational qualities of landscape encounters to the foreground. The research paper discusses a mobile drawing project that took place in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The project entitled ‘Taxi Guff-Gaff’ invited participants to undertake a collaborative drawing and conversational journey. Mobile drawing together on a bumpy taxi journey required artist participants to move together and literally ‘pay attention to the moment at hand’. In so doing it produced imagery that foregrounds the inherent dynamic quality of all our landscape encounters. We propose that mobile drawing offers an immersive way to relate to the urban landscape and each other and can open up spaces of landscape research that centre on speculative forms of thinking, being, drawing and conversation.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"1009 - 1023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41808164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2089640
G. Lawson, Sudipto Roy
Abstract Developing and assessing learning outcomes for work-readiness and employment has been long overdue in Landscape Architecture in Australia, but few studies have shown how this could be done at a local level. Aligned with the academic standards for bachelor and masters levels, as mandated by the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), an iterative three-stage approach was undertaken to develop Threshold Learning Outcomes (TLOs) for a revised national accreditation of Australian Landscape Architecture programmes. Ten TLOs, across the domains of graduate knowledge, skills/abilities and individual attributes were developed in relation to participant’s comments in the study. Participants also advocated for the assessment of TLOs such as open ended tasks, problem-solving tasks, portfolios and peer assessments for assessing domains of graduate attributes. National academic standards and assessments are thus suggested here as minimum threshold learning outcomes that can be customised and assessed by Landscape Architecture programme directors in Australian universities.
{"title":"Learning and teaching academic standards in landscape architecture","authors":"G. Lawson, Sudipto Roy","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2089640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2089640","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Developing and assessing learning outcomes for work-readiness and employment has been long overdue in Landscape Architecture in Australia, but few studies have shown how this could be done at a local level. Aligned with the academic standards for bachelor and masters levels, as mandated by the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), an iterative three-stage approach was undertaken to develop Threshold Learning Outcomes (TLOs) for a revised national accreditation of Australian Landscape Architecture programmes. Ten TLOs, across the domains of graduate knowledge, skills/abilities and individual attributes were developed in relation to participant’s comments in the study. Participants also advocated for the assessment of TLOs such as open ended tasks, problem-solving tasks, portfolios and peer assessments for assessing domains of graduate attributes. National academic standards and assessments are thus suggested here as minimum threshold learning outcomes that can be customised and assessed by Landscape Architecture programme directors in Australian universities.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"936 - 958"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42809005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2089352
Simone Ferracina
Living soil is where plants and trees root for water and nutrients. [ …
{"title":"A Philosophy of Landscape Construction: The Vision of Built Landscapes","authors":"Simone Ferracina","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2089352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2089352","url":null,"abstract":"Living soil is where plants and trees root for water and nutrients. [ …","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"1117 - 1119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47612502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2088712
T. O’Brien
The co-existence of humans and animals is an important factor when looking to understand how landscapes are utilised and managed. In Multispecies Households in the Saian Mountains: Ecology at the Russia-Mongolia Border, editors Alex Oehler and Anna Varfolomeeva bring together eight authors primarily in the field of anthropology using ethnographic approaches to examine the complexity of these relations in remote regions. Capturing the extent of the space under consideration in the Introduction (On Making Home Together), the editors (p. xi) define the research area as:
{"title":"Multispecies households in the Saian Mountains: ecology at the Russia-Mongolia border","authors":"T. O’Brien","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2088712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2088712","url":null,"abstract":"The co-existence of humans and animals is an important factor when looking to understand how landscapes are utilised and managed. In Multispecies Households in the Saian Mountains: Ecology at the Russia-Mongolia Border, editors Alex Oehler and Anna Varfolomeeva bring together eight authors primarily in the field of anthropology using ethnographic approaches to examine the complexity of these relations in remote regions. Capturing the extent of the space under consideration in the Introduction (On Making Home Together), the editors (p. xi) define the research area as:","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"714(a) - 716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2087865
Patricia D. Wilson
The publication of the richly illustrated book ‘The Tree Experts, A History of Professional Arboriculture in Britain’, authored by Mark Johnston is timely. As the author so astutely remarks in the volume’s introductory chapter, ‘trees are now in the public eye as never before’. They play an important role in enhancing our quality of life in both urban and rural environments, not only because of their visual and aesthetic qualities, but for a full range of reasons, including their ability to reduce urban heat, their contributions to climate change adaption and the work they do to improve air quality and environmental health, as recently analysed by landscape architects, geographers, ecologists, and psychologists. As The Tree Experts illustrates in fine historical detail, trees have been recognised for their importance to our physical and psychological well-being since the nineteenth century, starting with the Victorian parks movement and the establishment of public parks in England and the United States (Conway, 1991) The role of trees, as this book underlines, has also been increasingly recognised in ecological studies, where they are positioned as an integral part of many ecosystems that continue to provide benefits to wildlife and biodiversity (Johnston & Percival, 2012). Although the subtitle for the book is ‘A history of professional arboriculture in Britain’, do not be misled into thinking this is a book only for the professional arboriculturist. To the contrary, Johnston has produced a meticulously researched publication that will be relevant to practitioners and researchers working in a range of fields: the garden historian, the town planner and the environmentalist, as well as to the arboriculturist. He discusses not only the history of trees but gardening styles, horticultural publications, the tools of the trade, different techniques employed at different times and embedded in different pieces of legislation, thereby taking the reader on a long historical journey from Roman times to the present century. While the book’s primary focus is with developments in Britain, Johnston nonetheless draws in examples of continental influence including, for instance, French innovations in tree propagation and pruning techniques from early medieval times, (p. 172). He also details those influences on the development of urban arboriculture in Britain that emerged from the United States, such as publications on urban trees and the creation of specialist posts in tree management (p. 376). In terms of structure, the volume consists of nine chapters, each of which could be a standalone dissertation on a particular period of horticulture or landscape design. Johnston’s former role as a university lecturer is evident in the way the book is written and presented. Each chapters follows a similar format, beginning with an introduction that sets out the historical context for the period under discussion, reminding us of what was happening in the wider world in r
马克·约翰斯顿（Mark Johnston）撰写的插图丰富的《树木专家，英国专业树木栽培史》（The Tree Experts，A History of Professional Arborculture in Britain）一书的出版恰逢其时。正如作者在该书的引言一章中敏锐地指出的那样，“树木现在前所未有地出现在公众视线中”。正如景观设计师最近分析的那样，它们在提高我们在城市和农村环境中的生活质量方面发挥着重要作用，不仅因为它们的视觉和美学品质，还因为一系列原因，包括它们减少城市热量的能力，它们对适应气候变化的贡献，以及它们为改善空气质量和环境健康所做的工作，地理学家、生态学家和心理学家。正如《树木专家》在历史细节中所阐述的那样，自19世纪以来，树木因其对我们身心健康的重要性而得到认可，从维多利亚公园运动以及英国和美国公共公园的建立开始（Conway，1991）。正如本书所强调的，树木的作用，在生态学研究中也得到了越来越多的认可，它们被定位为许多生态系统的组成部分，这些生态系统继续为野生动物和生物多样性带来好处（Johnston和Percival，2012）。尽管这本书的副标题是“英国专业树木栽培史”，但不要被误导，以为这是一本只为专业树木栽培者准备的书。相反，约翰斯顿出版了一本经过精心研究的出版物，该出版物将与在一系列领域工作的从业者和研究人员相关：花园历史学家、城市规划师和环保主义者，以及树木栽培者。他不仅讨论了树木的历史，还讨论了园艺风格、园艺出版物、贸易工具、不同时期使用的不同技术以及嵌入不同立法中的不同技术，从而带领读者踏上了从罗马时代到本世纪的漫长历史之旅。虽然这本书的主要关注点是英国的发展，但约翰斯顿还是引用了大陆影响的例子，例如中世纪早期法国在树木繁殖和修剪技术方面的创新（第172页）。他还详细介绍了美国对英国城市树木栽培发展的影响，如关于城市树木的出版物和树木管理专业职位的设立（第376页）。就结构而言，该卷共有九章，每章都可以是一篇关于园艺或景观设计特定时期的独立论文。约翰斯顿以前作为一名大学讲师的角色从这本书的写作和呈现方式中可见一斑。每一章都采用了类似的形式，从引言开始，阐述了所讨论时期的历史背景，提醒我们在政治发展、社会变化和经济气候方面，更广泛的世界正在发生什么。每一章还包含一节关于与所讨论时期相关的各种树木文化技能的发展，以及彩色和黑白插图（如有）。虽然其中一些图像对花园历史或景观设计的学生来说很熟悉，比如托马斯·希尔的《园丁的迷宫》中的图像，但许多图像都是令人耳目一新的新图像。在详细介绍之后，第二章“罗马人将树木栽培带到英国”对花园设计中使用的树木的第一个例子进行了丰富多彩的描述，可能还有英国第一位树木专家，罗马的“树艺师”，一位专门关注树艺的花园工人（第30-1页）。第三章，题为“2022年黑暗景观研究中保持火焰明亮”，第47卷，第5期，712–716
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Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2081675
Angela Mallette, R. Plummer, J. Baird
Abstract Assessments of ecosystem condition are fundamental to landscape management, and there are several sources of evidence practitioners may use. Perceptions of individuals is one of those sources, and understudied. This study quantitatively compares ecological field measurements and the perceptions of a group of key individuals. Findings reveal that perceptions did not statistically differ from the ecological assessment for elements of ecosystem composition (e.g. vegetation diversity and invasive species). However, differences were found for all other elements (e.g. ecosystem function, structure, and overall condition), such that the individuals tended to have lower ratings of ecosystem condition than ecological assessments. The findings highlight the importance of comparing different approaches for reciprocal verification of data and to identify opportunities to integrate evidence, thereby providing a more detailed picture of ecosystem condition.
{"title":"Assessing ecological conditions for landscape management: a comparative analysis of field measurements and perceptions","authors":"Angela Mallette, R. Plummer, J. Baird","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2081675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2081675","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Assessments of ecosystem condition are fundamental to landscape management, and there are several sources of evidence practitioners may use. Perceptions of individuals is one of those sources, and understudied. This study quantitatively compares ecological field measurements and the perceptions of a group of key individuals. Findings reveal that perceptions did not statistically differ from the ecological assessment for elements of ecosystem composition (e.g. vegetation diversity and invasive species). However, differences were found for all other elements (e.g. ecosystem function, structure, and overall condition), such that the individuals tended to have lower ratings of ecosystem condition than ecological assessments. The findings highlight the importance of comparing different approaches for reciprocal verification of data and to identify opportunities to integrate evidence, thereby providing a more detailed picture of ecosystem condition.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"695 - 711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44430838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-02DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2079614
B. Beza, Joshua Zeunert, Simon Kilbane, Sara Padgett Kjaersgaard
Abstract Australia’s accredited landscape architecture programs shifted from few faculty members holding a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) to where holding this qualification is now essential. For conferral, the Australian Qualifications Framework mandates the PhD qualification demonstrate ‘a significant and original contribution to knowledge’. Examining snapshot periods of 2009 and 2019, we identify, evaluate and discuss the number and distribution of academics obtaining this qualification in accredited Australian landscape architecture university programs. We suggest there are five primary PhD modes of research, by: Dissertation, Publication, Dissertation with Embedded Design Experiment/Creative Inquiry, Creative Practice, and Reflection. Findings demonstrate a 268% growth in employed academics holding a PhD qualification, a dominant yet declining trend for the mode PhD by Dissertation and increasing conferral of modes containing design research components. Our work concludes by discussing the five PhD modes to contribute to the profession's pedagogical approaches.
{"title":"Examining PhD modes in the Australian landscape architecture academy","authors":"B. Beza, Joshua Zeunert, Simon Kilbane, Sara Padgett Kjaersgaard","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2079614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2079614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Australia’s accredited landscape architecture programs shifted from few faculty members holding a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) to where holding this qualification is now essential. For conferral, the Australian Qualifications Framework mandates the PhD qualification demonstrate ‘a significant and original contribution to knowledge’. Examining snapshot periods of 2009 and 2019, we identify, evaluate and discuss the number and distribution of academics obtaining this qualification in accredited Australian landscape architecture university programs. We suggest there are five primary PhD modes of research, by: Dissertation, Publication, Dissertation with Embedded Design Experiment/Creative Inquiry, Creative Practice, and Reflection. Findings demonstrate a 268% growth in employed academics holding a PhD qualification, a dominant yet declining trend for the mode PhD by Dissertation and increasing conferral of modes containing design research components. Our work concludes by discussing the five PhD modes to contribute to the profession's pedagogical approaches.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"679 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46719896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2081316
Owen Evans
Abstract Can there be another European city that has undergone so many dramatic transformations over the past hundred years as Berlin? The city has seen so much of history, created, and been the subject of, so many stories, and thus comprises so many versions of itself. The present article explores how Berlin films contain multiple historical and textual palimpsests, focussing on Walther Ruttmann’s Berlin: Symphony of a Great City as the urtext of all subsequent Berlin films. Particular attention will then be paid to Berlin Symphony, Thomas Schadt’s riposte to Ruttmann’s film seventy-five years on, and the more recent Symphony of Now, directed by Johannes Schaff and which, in effect, responds to both. This article argues that these films, in complementary ways, uncover the cultural, historical and architectural palimpsests inscribed within the fabric of the city in their response to Ruttmann’s urtext.
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