Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2136367
Shuhan Li, Changsong Wang, Xiaoxiao Fu
Abstract This study explores the interaction between linear heritage and cities by examining the adaptability of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal. We extracted and visualised the point of interest data of 22 cities along the canal using Python, ArcGIS 10.7, and R language and evaluated adaptability in terms of three kinds of spatial relationships: agglomeration, dependence, and diversity. Our findings suggest that, first, the differences in the distances between the canal and the city centres lay the foundation for differentiating the canal’s role in each city. Second, with city expansions and social changes, the canal’s decline has shifted the city’s centre to varying degrees, demonstrating a different degree of historical continuity. Our adaptability study provides a significant reference for the relationship between the city and the water system, the conservation and development of the canal’s cultural heritage, and research methods for studying linear cultural heritage.
{"title":"Exploring the cultural heritage space adaptability of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal based on point of interest data","authors":"Shuhan Li, Changsong Wang, Xiaoxiao Fu","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2136367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2136367","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the interaction between linear heritage and cities by examining the adaptability of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal. We extracted and visualised the point of interest data of 22 cities along the canal using Python, ArcGIS 10.7, and R language and evaluated adaptability in terms of three kinds of spatial relationships: agglomeration, dependence, and diversity. Our findings suggest that, first, the differences in the distances between the canal and the city centres lay the foundation for differentiating the canal’s role in each city. Second, with city expansions and social changes, the canal’s decline has shifted the city’s centre to varying degrees, demonstrating a different degree of historical continuity. Our adaptability study provides a significant reference for the relationship between the city and the water system, the conservation and development of the canal’s cultural heritage, and research methods for studying linear cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45973714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-22DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2136366
Patrícia Abrantes, Eduarda Marques da Costa, E. Gomes
Abstract Urbanisation in Europe has been the main cause of agricultural land fragmentation and agricultural land use loss and has given rise to significant socio-economic and environmental costs, particularly in urban regions. Accordingly, there is a consensus in the literature that sustaining urban and peri-urban agriculture are significant towards urban sustainable development. This paper aims to characterise agri-urban spatial patterns and changes occurring in the Lisbon metropolitan region (LMR) by using indicators from both urban and agricultural dimensions. A self-organising map (SOM) clustering method was used to build an agri-urban classification. Nine clusters were proposed. We found that in the LMR, urban and agriculture patterns are diverse: agriculture can range from gardening to intensive and extensive forms; and from decline to stability. We discuss that the use of multidimensional indicators enables comprehensive typologies and allows for a better territorial diagnosis that can contribute to informing decision-makers towards more effective protection of agriculture in spatial planning.
{"title":"Towards a typology of agri-urban patterns to support spatial planning: evidence from Lisbon, Portugal","authors":"Patrícia Abrantes, Eduarda Marques da Costa, E. Gomes","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2136366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2136366","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urbanisation in Europe has been the main cause of agricultural land fragmentation and agricultural land use loss and has given rise to significant socio-economic and environmental costs, particularly in urban regions. Accordingly, there is a consensus in the literature that sustaining urban and peri-urban agriculture are significant towards urban sustainable development. This paper aims to characterise agri-urban spatial patterns and changes occurring in the Lisbon metropolitan region (LMR) by using indicators from both urban and agricultural dimensions. A self-organising map (SOM) clustering method was used to build an agri-urban classification. Nine clusters were proposed. We found that in the LMR, urban and agriculture patterns are diverse: agriculture can range from gardening to intensive and extensive forms; and from decline to stability. We discuss that the use of multidimensional indicators enables comprehensive typologies and allows for a better territorial diagnosis that can contribute to informing decision-makers towards more effective protection of agriculture in spatial planning.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42959204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2131744
Xiaoxuan Lu
Abstract This article integrates temporality into territoriality theories and investigates Hong Kong’s small urban open spaces through a territorial perspective. It conceptualises these compact public open spaces as landscapes of different territorial events, foregrounds the temporal aspects of the territorialising processes, and analyzes the frictions between the various social and environmental processes that define the city’s formative cycles. Focussing specifically on sitting-out areas and rest gardens, the smallest components of the city’s official network of open-spaces that are often created through temporary government land allocations, this study offers a unique local narrative within the larger discussion of creating small-scale, opportunistically-achieved, temporary open spaces around the world. Three detailed case studies examined in this article reveal diverse forms of territorial production specific to Hong Kong’s geographical, socio-economic and cultural context, collectively contributing to a critical understanding of the ‘temporariness’ of the city’s small urban open spaces characterised by ambiguity, volatility and uncertainty.
{"title":"Ambiguous temporariness: production of time-space territories in Hong Kong’s small urban open spaces","authors":"Xiaoxuan Lu","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2131744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2131744","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article integrates temporality into territoriality theories and investigates Hong Kong’s small urban open spaces through a territorial perspective. It conceptualises these compact public open spaces as landscapes of different territorial events, foregrounds the temporal aspects of the territorialising processes, and analyzes the frictions between the various social and environmental processes that define the city’s formative cycles. Focussing specifically on sitting-out areas and rest gardens, the smallest components of the city’s official network of open-spaces that are often created through temporary government land allocations, this study offers a unique local narrative within the larger discussion of creating small-scale, opportunistically-achieved, temporary open spaces around the world. Three detailed case studies examined in this article reveal diverse forms of territorial production specific to Hong Kong’s geographical, socio-economic and cultural context, collectively contributing to a critical understanding of the ‘temporariness’ of the city’s small urban open spaces characterised by ambiguity, volatility and uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47972300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2120604
María Eugenia Desirée Buentello García, Jasmine Quinn Rice
Abstract Memorial landscapes are in constant transformation and their values reshape as history is being written. What effect does public opinion have on changes to these spaces? Recently, at an iconic monument in Mexico City a heated debate surrounding gender and the reshaping of the memorial landscape has engaged officials, conservators, protestors, and the public. The preservation of the Column of Independence has been contested from a feminist angle. Re-examining collective memory and heritage preservation in this dynamic space is difficult using traditional theories and practices. This paper reveals the lack of theories and practices available to heritage practitioners to cement new expressions of communicative memory into the cultural memory enshrined in the memorial landscape. The erasure of the contributions of women in the memorial landscape is highlighted. This paper examines the possibilities for layers to be added and preserved in the memorial landscape as the evidence of shifts in collective memory.
{"title":"Gender debates on the stage of the urban memorial: glitter, graffiti, and bronze","authors":"María Eugenia Desirée Buentello García, Jasmine Quinn Rice","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2120604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2120604","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Memorial landscapes are in constant transformation and their values reshape as history is being written. What effect does public opinion have on changes to these spaces? Recently, at an iconic monument in Mexico City a heated debate surrounding gender and the reshaping of the memorial landscape has engaged officials, conservators, protestors, and the public. The preservation of the Column of Independence has been contested from a feminist angle. Re-examining collective memory and heritage preservation in this dynamic space is difficult using traditional theories and practices. This paper reveals the lack of theories and practices available to heritage practitioners to cement new expressions of communicative memory into the cultural memory enshrined in the memorial landscape. The erasure of the contributions of women in the memorial landscape is highlighted. This paper examines the possibilities for layers to be added and preserved in the memorial landscape as the evidence of shifts in collective memory.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2077923
J. Rayner
You feel you have made contact with something emphatic and emotionally comprehensible about the city, about how it is a reservoir and transponder for time, space and human energies surging across districts and decades. You feel convinced by this proposition, that the past is always abroad in our present-day experience. (Gibson, 2008, p. 185)
{"title":"The city (as) archive: are your memories in place?","authors":"J. Rayner","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2077923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2077923","url":null,"abstract":"You feel you have made contact with something emphatic and emotionally comprehensible about the city, about how it is a reservoir and transponder for time, space and human energies surging across districts and decades. You feel convinced by this proposition, that the past is always abroad in our present-day experience. (Gibson, 2008, p. 185)","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2092087
David J. Trimbach, Lori Clark, Laura Rivas, Barbara Lyon Bennett, Gwendolyn Hannam, J. Lovie, Paul McElwain, Jackie Delie
Abstract The world’s coastlines are changing, partly the result of population growth and shoreline development (e.g., infrastructure). Coastal landscape changes are reflected and experienced at the local scale, where landscape modifications and their impacts take place. Island County, Washington (U.S.) is experiencing such changes. Island County’s 349 kilometres of coastline are being impacted by the growing threat of coastal infrastructure, which hardens the shoreline and negatively impacts natural nearshore processes and habitats. Coastal changes also impact communities and their connections to the landscape. Through a community geography approach, this paper examines Island County residents’ coastal sense of place. Respondents overall have a strong coastal sense of place, including shared place meanings. This strong sense of place is associated with shoreline visit frequency and feelings about change. The paper’s findings demonstrate how residents feel and connect to the coastline, and why such local insights matter to coastal planning and recovery.
{"title":"Examining coastal sense of place through community geography in Island County, Washington","authors":"David J. Trimbach, Lori Clark, Laura Rivas, Barbara Lyon Bennett, Gwendolyn Hannam, J. Lovie, Paul McElwain, Jackie Delie","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2092087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2092087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The world’s coastlines are changing, partly the result of population growth and shoreline development (e.g., infrastructure). Coastal landscape changes are reflected and experienced at the local scale, where landscape modifications and their impacts take place. Island County, Washington (U.S.) is experiencing such changes. Island County’s 349 kilometres of coastline are being impacted by the growing threat of coastal infrastructure, which hardens the shoreline and negatively impacts natural nearshore processes and habitats. Coastal changes also impact communities and their connections to the landscape. Through a community geography approach, this paper examines Island County residents’ coastal sense of place. Respondents overall have a strong coastal sense of place, including shared place meanings. This strong sense of place is associated with shoreline visit frequency and feelings about change. The paper’s findings demonstrate how residents feel and connect to the coastline, and why such local insights matter to coastal planning and recovery.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2121809
R. Shields, Guoyan Zheng
Abstract This study considers virtuality in Qing ink wash landscape paintings via an album by Pan Gongshou (1741–94). We examine the painterly devices by which a liminal, ‘virtual,’ space is constructed as a ‘realm’ or world in which the viewer is synaesthetically absorbed into a landscape image. Landscape in this tradition is not a pure creation of the human gaze, nor a representation of material elements and topography. We examine the painterly devices through which a sublime loss of critical distance is linked to the represented elements to absorb the viewer into what Wang Guoweii (1877–1927) proposed as a ‘realm without self.’ Virtualities are intangible but real; they supplement material elements that are represented, changing their meaning and affect. These qualities are at the heart of a geometry of gazes and relations that compose the visual experience of a virtual landscape.
{"title":"Ink wash virtualities in Qing landscape painting","authors":"R. Shields, Guoyan Zheng","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2121809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2121809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study considers virtuality in Qing ink wash landscape paintings via an album by Pan Gongshou (1741–94). We examine the painterly devices by which a liminal, ‘virtual,’ space is constructed as a ‘realm’ or world in which the viewer is synaesthetically absorbed into a landscape image. Landscape in this tradition is not a pure creation of the human gaze, nor a representation of material elements and topography. We examine the painterly devices through which a sublime loss of critical distance is linked to the represented elements to absorb the viewer into what Wang Guoweii (1877–1927) proposed as a ‘realm without self.’ Virtualities are intangible but real; they supplement material elements that are represented, changing their meaning and affect. These qualities are at the heart of a geometry of gazes and relations that compose the visual experience of a virtual landscape.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45025628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2124962
Anna Bornioli, M. Subiza-Pérez
Abstract Urban landscapes are becoming the main ecosystem for human life. Given that urban living can be associated with poor psychological health, one specific challenge faced by cities is related to psychological well-being. The current essay discusses how restorative environments research can offer significant insights into the strategy of healthy cities by guiding the exploration of their restorative outcomes. We propose a theoretical model elucidating the physical and symbolic features of urban settings that can aid processes of active and passive restoration—based on theory and evidence from restorative environments research. Future research should consider urban psychological restoration in a broader sense and lend greater relevance to the exploration of the restorative potential of the full range of urban built settings. HIGHLIGHTS There is a need to explore the characteristics of urban built settings that support psychological health. We propose a three-level model of restoration that discusses supportive features and potential benefits. Active restoration—activated by top-down features—enhances positive affect and well-being in non-stressed individuals. Future research should broaden theoretical definitions and explore the full range of restorative built settings.
{"title":"Restorative urban environments for healthy cities: a theoretical model for the study of restorative experiences in urban built settings","authors":"Anna Bornioli, M. Subiza-Pérez","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2124962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2124962","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban landscapes are becoming the main ecosystem for human life. Given that urban living can be associated with poor psychological health, one specific challenge faced by cities is related to psychological well-being. The current essay discusses how restorative environments research can offer significant insights into the strategy of healthy cities by guiding the exploration of their restorative outcomes. We propose a theoretical model elucidating the physical and symbolic features of urban settings that can aid processes of active and passive restoration—based on theory and evidence from restorative environments research. Future research should consider urban psychological restoration in a broader sense and lend greater relevance to the exploration of the restorative potential of the full range of urban built settings. HIGHLIGHTS There is a need to explore the characteristics of urban built settings that support psychological health. We propose a three-level model of restoration that discusses supportive features and potential benefits. Active restoration—activated by top-down features—enhances positive affect and well-being in non-stressed individuals. Future research should broaden theoretical definitions and explore the full range of restorative built settings.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47026933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2121810
Andrew Ó Murchú
Abstract Utilising actor-network theory, this paper conducts an analysis of the grass crop in Ireland’s political ecology – showing the ability of non-human agents, in the words of Bruno Latour, to ‘make us do things’. In particular, it examines the mutually beneficial and extended interests of the grass crop with the dairy industry – this is well represented by the state and herein termed grass-power. This shows how Ireland is staged as a ‘grass country’ to a global audience, making dairy consumption appear neutral and inevitable. To date, the role of the grass crop in Ireland’s political ecology has been neglected, although it is shown here to be at the centre of environmental harms. This analysis reveals the contradictions and competing aims of Irish food strategies and suggests that to build sustainable landscapes, the imaginary that grass-cover is the only legitimate form of land use must be displaced and unravelled from political interests.
{"title":"Grass-power: the political ecology of the grass crop in Ireland","authors":"Andrew Ó Murchú","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2121810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2121810","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Utilising actor-network theory, this paper conducts an analysis of the grass crop in Ireland’s political ecology – showing the ability of non-human agents, in the words of Bruno Latour, to ‘make us do things’. In particular, it examines the mutually beneficial and extended interests of the grass crop with the dairy industry – this is well represented by the state and herein termed grass-power. This shows how Ireland is staged as a ‘grass country’ to a global audience, making dairy consumption appear neutral and inevitable. To date, the role of the grass crop in Ireland’s political ecology has been neglected, although it is shown here to be at the centre of environmental harms. This analysis reveals the contradictions and competing aims of Irish food strategies and suggests that to build sustainable landscapes, the imaginary that grass-cover is the only legitimate form of land use must be displaced and unravelled from political interests.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45784146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-10DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2022.2118246
M. Paulissen, R. van Beek, Maria de Wit, Maarten Jacobs, Floor Huisman
Abstract Few natural landscapes have been so negatively stereotyped as raised bogs. These stereotypes as well as knowledge gaps on bog perceptions have hampered the development of nuanced and realistic views on humans’ historical relations to bogs. We studied variation in eight bog place meanings (attachment, beauty, biodiversity, functionality, risk, admiration, historicity, and mystery) from prehistory to present by integrating qualitative archaeological and historical with quantitative survey evidence on Dutch bog areas. Virtually all place meanings were found in late modern and present-day material. In older periods, functionality, risk, and mystery were dominant. Daytime/night-time differences could explain the co-existence of apparently opposite place meanings. Physical bog landscape characteristics were important place meaning determinants, and similar meaning patterns across different bog areas underlined this. The long co-existence of mystery (and risk) alongside functional meanings may explain the persistent popularity of negative bog stereotypes.
{"title":"Place meanings of Dutch raised bog landscapes: an interdisciplinary long-term perspective (5000 BCE–present)","authors":"M. Paulissen, R. van Beek, Maria de Wit, Maarten Jacobs, Floor Huisman","doi":"10.1080/01426397.2022.2118246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2118246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Few natural landscapes have been so negatively stereotyped as raised bogs. These stereotypes as well as knowledge gaps on bog perceptions have hampered the development of nuanced and realistic views on humans’ historical relations to bogs. We studied variation in eight bog place meanings (attachment, beauty, biodiversity, functionality, risk, admiration, historicity, and mystery) from prehistory to present by integrating qualitative archaeological and historical with quantitative survey evidence on Dutch bog areas. Virtually all place meanings were found in late modern and present-day material. In older periods, functionality, risk, and mystery were dominant. Daytime/night-time differences could explain the co-existence of apparently opposite place meanings. Physical bog landscape characteristics were important place meaning determinants, and similar meaning patterns across different bog areas underlined this. The long co-existence of mystery (and risk) alongside functional meanings may explain the persistent popularity of negative bog stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":51471,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49294635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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