Applied Research in Quality of Life最新文献

Background

Satisfying close relationships are associated with higher levels of life satisfaction throughout the life course. Despite the fundamental role of attachment style in close relationships, few studies have longitudinally examined the association between attachment style in young adults with later life satisfaction.

Method

Data from 2,088 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort study were examined. At 21-years, participants completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire which comprises five domains reflective of internal working models of interpersonal relationships and attachment style: confidence (security), discomfort with closeness and relationships as secondary (avoidance), need for approval and preoccupation with relationships (anxiety). At 30-years, participants self-reported their overall life satisfaction. Linear regression was used to longitudinally examine the association between attachment domains at 21-years and life satisfaction at age 30.

Results

After adjustments, confidence was positively associated with life satisfaction (β = 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.56, p < 0.001), while need for approval was negatively associated with life satisfaction (β = -0.17, 95% CI -0.30 – -0.04, p < 0.001). Low income at 21, caring for a child by age 21, and leaving the parental home at 16-years or under were negatively associated with life satisfaction at 30-years.

Conclusion

Young adult attachment style is associated with later life satisfaction, particularly through confidence in self and others. Promoting positive internal working models of interpersonal relationships and fostering greater confidence in self and others in adolescence may be an effective strategy for improving life satisfaction later in life.

Crafting is the intentional and proactive behavioural or cognitive changes people make to satisfy their psychological needs. This can take place across life domains, including at work, at home, and in broader life goals, though little research exists comprehensively integrating the different crafting types. Psychological needs are one way that these various crafting types are related. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of the literature on crafting and the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and meaning in life to better understand how these psychological needs relate to or impact the crafting process. We systematically searched four databases and found 134 papers that met the inclusion criteria. We found that autonomy and meaning in life were two psychological needs that were frequently related to the process of crafting and that competence and relatedness were important but less researched. The satisfaction of psychological needs were often an outcome of crafting, though only job crafting consistently measured psychological needs as the antecedent to crafting. We conclude with recommendations for future research and questions to be addressed. This review may be useful for future basic and applied crafting research by better understanding how specific psychological needs relate to the process of crafting and how individuals may proactively shape their needs.

Objective

Developing education for older adults is considered a major initiative to actively cope with issues of aging issue and improve the quality of later life. The quality of education in later life can affect subjective well-being (SWB) of participants. The current study attempts to examine the association between the quality of education for middle-aged and older adults and SWB and relevant mechanisms in China.

Methods

Using a nationally representative sample of the University of the Third Age (U3A), this study explored the association between the perceived educational quality of the U3A and SWB, represented by life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms, and examined the mediating roles of satisfaction with basic psychological needs, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness, based on the self-determination perspective. Finally, 21,482 members aged 50 years and older from 30 U3As in 25 provincial-level regions completed validly the survey.

Results

The perceived quality of education in the U3A predicted members’ SWB; satisfaction with autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs mediated the above associations, simultaneously; compared to competence and relatedness, autonomy showed a stronger mediating effect.

Discussion

These findings provide a novel perspective for exploring the mechanisms through which lifelong education affects mental health and provide insights for policymakers and governments to actively cope with issues of aging.

This study analyzes companies recognized as among the '100 incredible places to work in Brazil' in 2020 by FEA-USP (Institute of Management Foundation of the School of Economics, Business, Accounting and Actuarial Science of the University of São Paulo) to evaluate indicators of employee satisfaction. Data was ethically obtained from a questionnaire on more than 300 management practices administered in September 2020. The analysis was based on (Walton, Sloan Management Review, Cambridge, Mass 15:11–21, 1973) quality of life at work criteria and involved applying Spearman correlation tests among indicators and interpreting the results according to (Kuhl, Interdependência entre a colaboração para inovação e o desempenho sustentável na indústria brasileira de eletroeletrônicos. [Doctoral Thesis], Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2012). The results show that an "incredible place to work" is characterized by belief in the company's values and workplace pride (22.14%). Significant correlations include fair and adequate compensation (0.703), working conditions (0.590), opportunity to use and develop skills (0.831), opportunity for growth and security (0.668), social integration (0.641), constitutionalism (0.579), work-life balance (0.616), and social relevance (0.657). These results deepen our understanding of incredible work environments and indicate that job satisfaction is vital for talent retention and organizational success. The '100 incredible places to work’ in Brazil demonstrate that management practices focused on employee well-being generate high levels of satisfaction, motivation, and commitment, which attracts talent and sustains organizational vitality, strategically aligning for a successful future.

There is increasing interest in measuring “whole person” health and deriving an overall summary score. Underlying physical and mental health dimensions have been found consistently in prior studies of self-reported health, but it is unclear whether a single underlying health factor is supported across health domains. We examine the dimensionality of nine domains from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®)-29 + 2 profile measure, the PROMIS social isolation scale, the Personal Wellbeing Index, and the EQ-5D-5L preference score in a sample of 1256 adults with back pain in the United States: mean age was 55 (range 18–94), 52% female, 74% non-Hispanic White, 61% were married or living with a spouse, and the highest level of education completed for 35% of the sample was a high school degree or general education diploma. The sample reported substantially more pain intensity, pain interference, and worse physical function than the U.S. general population. Product-moment correlations among the measures ranged from 0.25 to 0.83 (median correlation = 0.52). A bifactor model showed that a general health factor accounted for most of the covariation among measures, but physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity loaded slightly more on the physical health group factor than on the general health factor. The study provides some support for combining multiple aspects of self-reported health into an overall indicator of whole-person health.

This paper reviews the evidence on the relationships between cultural participation and well-being. We classify the literature according to the strength of available evidence and various types of cultural activities. Secondly, this paper uses data from time use surveys from Canada, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States to study individuals’ emotional responses to a series of daily activities. A simple model of time allocation is used to show that experienced well-being is one of the reasons why individuals engage into cultural activities. Furthermore, the model helps explain why cultural participation, in spite of being one of the most enjoyable human activities, is also the least undertaken. We show that heterogeneity of preferences results in a strong selection effect in available time-use statistics.

Prior research has indicated peer relationship problem as a risk factor in predicting Internet addiction among children and adolescents, while the underlying mechanism between this association remains largely unknown in current academia. This study examined the mediating role of fear of missing out in the relationship between peer relationship problems and Internet addiction and we further tested how family affective responsiveness would moderate the direct and indirect pathways. Based on a multistage random cluster sampling procedure, we recruited our participants (N = 2001) from one city in Hebei Province, China. Key variables were measured based on self-reported questionnaires for adolescents and data analysis was conducted by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that peer relationship problems were positively associated with Internet addiction. Besides, fear of missing out mediated the relationship between peer relationship problems and Internet addiction. Moreover, we found that family affective responsiveness moderated the indirect pathways between peer relationship problems and fear of missing out, as well as between fear of missing out and Internet addiction, with the effects being stronger for adolescents with a low level of family affective responsiveness compared with those with a high level of family affective responsiveness. However, family affective responsiveness failed to moderate the direct relationship between peer relationship problems and Internet addiction. Practical implications for future interventions were discussed according to the results given by our study.

Environmental sustainability can positively affect quality of life by reducing environmental degradation and increasing access to natural resources, while economic sustainability initiatives can have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life, depending on the context. Social sustainability initiatives can also have both positive and negative impacts on quality of life, particularly for marginalized communities and low-income populations. The investigation draws on a comprehensive national survey in Spain encompassing 2,270 responses, ensuring representative profiles in terms of gender, residence, income, age, and economic sector. Considering the aforementioned factors, this research aims to underscore the necessity of recognizing the interconnections between sustainability and quality of life in policy and decision-making processes towards social happiness. To achieve this, an analysis of variance is presented, enabling the examination of significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics of Spanish citizens across the three dimensions defining sustainability. Specifically, income, age and population size are key in determining the relationship between sustainability and social happiness. Furthermore, an econometric analysis has demonstrated a positive relationship between sustainability and quality of life in Spain. The key factors are safety, trust, income, and accessibility. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights to inform policy decisions aimed at promoting sustainability and enhancing the overall quality of life. The interlinked integration of smart cities and smart rural areas constitutes the quality of life zone that influences sustainability.

As two important dimensions of the quality of life, housing and health are inextricably linked. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), this study explores the impact of housing tenure and intrahousehold homeownership structure on residents’ health in urban China. The results indicate that full owner-occupancy weakens residents’ health by compressing their time for rest and relaxation and squeezing household medical expenditure. Further analysis on the effects of attribution of full homeownership between couples finds that, compared with spouse-owned, self-owned or couple-owned improves residents’ health by lowering the possibility of sacrificing career for family, reducing labor hours and easing debt pressure. Importantly, couple-owned generates more health benefits than either self-owned or spouse-owned. In addition, the health effects of intrahousehold homeownership structure are greater among young adults, those with higher income than their spouses and those with strong awareness of gender equality. It is also worth noting that there are gender-based health differences in marriage due to the intrahousehold homeownership structure. These findings have implications for integrating social policies in the housing, health, and family domains.