Applied Research in Quality of Life最新文献

This qualitative study explored the role of neglected properties and neighborhood environment characteristics on a sample of New Orleans, Louisiana residents’ health and well-being, sense of community, sense of safety, and civic engagement. We hypothesized that residents would identify conditions of their neighborhood's physical environment, including neglected properties, as one factor that impacted their health and other aspects of well-being. Seventy-four (N = 74) participants, including women, men, youth, young adults, and community leaders, took part in 11 focus groups (n = 51) and 23 key informant interviews. Thematic content analysis through inductive and deductive coding cycles of interview transcripts revealed five main categories related to urban neighborhood-built and social environments: 1) health and well-being, 2) sense of community, 3) sense of safety, 4) civic engagement, and 5) youth and family violence. Ten themes were developed and included, for example, the role of neighborhoods in delineating access to health-promoting characteristics and resources; the role of neighborhood social networks as crime prevention strategies; resident-led decision-making in neighborhood improvements; the negative impact of neglected properties; and the role of the local government in improving physical infrastructure. These findings affirm that residents were aware of and impacted by the cyclical nature of built environment neglect on health and well-being, community violence, neighborhood cohesion, civic engagement, and youth violence. Participants recommended improving neighborhood conditions to shift resident mindsets about the health of neighborhoods, reduce violence, and improve quality of life.

Background

Satisfying close relationships are associated with higher levels of life satisfaction throughout the life course. Despite the fundamental role of attachment style in close relationships, few studies have longitudinally examined the association between attachment style in young adults with later life satisfaction.

Method

Data from 2,088 participants in a longitudinal birth cohort study were examined. At 21-years, participants completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire which comprises five domains reflective of internal working models of interpersonal relationships and attachment style: confidence (security), discomfort with closeness and relationships as secondary (avoidance), need for approval and preoccupation with relationships (anxiety). At 30-years, participants self-reported their overall life satisfaction. Linear regression was used to longitudinally examine the association between attachment domains at 21-years and life satisfaction at age 30.

Results

After adjustments, confidence was positively associated with life satisfaction (β = 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.56, p < 0.001), while need for approval was negatively associated with life satisfaction (β = -0.17, 95% CI -0.30 – -0.04, p < 0.001). Low income at 21, caring for a child by age 21, and leaving the parental home at 16-years or under were negatively associated with life satisfaction at 30-years.

Conclusion

Young adult attachment style is associated with later life satisfaction, particularly through confidence in self and others. Promoting positive internal working models of interpersonal relationships and fostering greater confidence in self and others in adolescence may be an effective strategy for improving life satisfaction later in life.

Crafting is the intentional and proactive behavioural or cognitive changes people make to satisfy their psychological needs. This can take place across life domains, including at work, at home, and in broader life goals, though little research exists comprehensively integrating the different crafting types. Psychological needs are one way that these various crafting types are related. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review of the literature on crafting and the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and meaning in life to better understand how these psychological needs relate to or impact the crafting process. We systematically searched four databases and found 134 papers that met the inclusion criteria. We found that autonomy and meaning in life were two psychological needs that were frequently related to the process of crafting and that competence and relatedness were important but less researched. The satisfaction of psychological needs were often an outcome of crafting, though only job crafting consistently measured psychological needs as the antecedent to crafting. We conclude with recommendations for future research and questions to be addressed. This review may be useful for future basic and applied crafting research by better understanding how specific psychological needs relate to the process of crafting and how individuals may proactively shape their needs.

Objective

Developing education for older adults is considered a major initiative to actively cope with issues of aging issue and improve the quality of later life. The quality of education in later life can affect subjective well-being (SWB) of participants. The current study attempts to examine the association between the quality of education for middle-aged and older adults and SWB and relevant mechanisms in China.

Methods

Using a nationally representative sample of the University of the Third Age (U3A), this study explored the association between the perceived educational quality of the U3A and SWB, represented by life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptoms, and examined the mediating roles of satisfaction with basic psychological needs, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness, based on the self-determination perspective. Finally, 21,482 members aged 50 years and older from 30 U3As in 25 provincial-level regions completed validly the survey.

Results

The perceived quality of education in the U3A predicted members’ SWB; satisfaction with autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs mediated the above associations, simultaneously; compared to competence and relatedness, autonomy showed a stronger mediating effect.

Discussion

These findings provide a novel perspective for exploring the mechanisms through which lifelong education affects mental health and provide insights for policymakers and governments to actively cope with issues of aging.

This study analyzes companies recognized as among the '100 incredible places to work in Brazil' in 2020 by FEA-USP (Institute of Management Foundation of the School of Economics, Business, Accounting and Actuarial Science of the University of São Paulo) to evaluate indicators of employee satisfaction. Data was ethically obtained from a questionnaire on more than 300 management practices administered in September 2020. The analysis was based on (Walton, Sloan Management Review, Cambridge, Mass 15:11–21, 1973) quality of life at work criteria and involved applying Spearman correlation tests among indicators and interpreting the results according to (Kuhl, Interdependência entre a colaboração para inovação e o desempenho sustentável na indústria brasileira de eletroeletrônicos. [Doctoral Thesis], Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2012). The results show that an "incredible place to work" is characterized by belief in the company's values and workplace pride (22.14%). Significant correlations include fair and adequate compensation (0.703), working conditions (0.590), opportunity to use and develop skills (0.831), opportunity for growth and security (0.668), social integration (0.641), constitutionalism (0.579), work-life balance (0.616), and social relevance (0.657). These results deepen our understanding of incredible work environments and indicate that job satisfaction is vital for talent retention and organizational success. The '100 incredible places to work’ in Brazil demonstrate that management practices focused on employee well-being generate high levels of satisfaction, motivation, and commitment, which attracts talent and sustains organizational vitality, strategically aligning for a successful future.