Applied Research in Quality of Life最新文献

Suicide is defined as an individual’s spontaneous thoughts and behaviors aimed at ending their own life, including suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The demographic differences and potential mechanisms underlying suicidal ideation and attempts remain unclear and warrant further investigation. A total of 5,408 college students (mean age = 20.06 years, 23.85% male) from South China completed a psychological screening questionnaire. Based on Klonsky’s Ideation-to-Action Framework and O’Connor’s Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model, we established two chain mediation models to explore the complex relationships among stressful life events, rumination, psychotic symptoms, and suicidal issues while investigating the demographic differences in suicidal ideation and attempts. The findings indicate that various demographic factors are associated with suicidal ideation and attempts. Among these, a history of mental illness and somatic symptoms are significant common risk factors. Additionally, the results reveal that rumination and psychotic symptoms serve as chain mediators in the relationship between stressful life events and both suicidal ideation and attempts. This study not only examines the impact of fundamental demographic variables on suicidal ideation and attempts from the perspective of demographic influencing factors but also discusses and compares the important mediating roles of rumination and psychotic symptoms in the relationship between stressful life events and suicide issues.

Healthcare, family, and work systems constitute the primary living environments for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). From the perspective of conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study explored how resources from healthcare and family systems could contribute to mitigated caregiving-to-work conflict and improved psychological well-being among parents of children with ASD. The sample included parents of children with a medical diagnosis of ASD and had received healthcare services within the past 12 months (N = 1,509) in the 2023 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and path analyses via structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to examine the direct effects of family-centered care and family resilience on parental psychological well-being, as well as the mediating effects of caregiving-to-work conflict. The results indicated that family-centered care and family resilience were directly associated with enhanced parental psychological well-being, as they could strengthen families’ access to external and internal resources. However, caregiving-to-work conflict only mediated the association between family-centered care and parental psychological well-being, but did not mediate the association between family resilience and psychological well-being. By reducing caregiving-to-work conflict, family-centered care was indirectly associated with parents’ improved psychological well-being. When comparing standardized coefficients, the total effect of family resilience was larger than the total effect of family-centered care on psychological well-being. This study highlights that parents of children with ASD need diverse formal and informal support from multiple systems.

This study investigates the longitudinal dynamics between reactive/proactive aggression and peer rejection among primary school students using continuous-time modeling. Peer rejection is a critical social factor influencing children’s development, yet its dynamic interactions with aggression subtypes remain poorly understood. Data from 1,794 Chinese children across four time points revealed distinct pathways for reactive and proactive aggression. Reactive aggression, characterized by emotional impulsivity, exhibited significant between-person associations with peer rejection, but lacked longitudinal effects. In contrast, proactive aggression demonstrated robust bidirectional relationships with peer rejection longitudinally, with rejection more strongly predicting proactive aggression than the reverse. Grade and gender play key roles in shaping the persistence of peer rejection and its influence on rective and proactive aggression. These findings refine theoretical models by emphasizing the unique mechanisms underlying aggression subtypes and their differential dynamic interactions with peer rejection.

Financial strain is a major social stressor that adversely affects well-being, yet few studies have comprehensively examined whether its association differs by race/ethnicity. This study investigates whether the relationship between financial strain and two key outcomes—mental health and life satisfaction—varies across racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data. Drawing on 13 waves of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS), spanning 2009–2010 to 2021–2022 and comprising 58,029 individuals and 417,766 person-years, we apply fixed-effects regression models to assess within-individual changes over time. Results show that financial strain is consistently associated with poorer mental health and lower life satisfaction. However, racial/ethnic variation emerges only in relation to mental health. Specifically, Black adults experience a stronger adverse association between financial strain and mental health compared to White adults. Subgroup analyses reveal further nuance: relative to White adults, African adults exhibit a more pronounced adverse association, whereas the association is not significant among Caribbean adults. Among Asian adults, financial strain is more strongly associated with poorer mental health for Indian individuals but less so for Chinese individuals. These findings highlight the need for tailored financial and mental health support initiatives that account for differences across both broad and specific racial/ethnic groups relative to the majority population. Targeted interventions may help mitigate the unequal burden of perceived financial stress and promote more equitable well-being outcomes.

This study examines the political-psychological dynamics surrounding subjective well-being (SWB), using data from the sixth and seventh waves of the World Values Survey. We focus on a factor related to individuals’ perceived sense of control over society: perceived national and societal risk. In addition, we assess how this perception relates to aggregate patterns of SWB distribution—specifically, upward and downward comparative disparities—rather than the overall extent of inequality. Our findings indicate that higher perceived risks are consistently associated with lower SWB. To test the robustness of these associations, we also conducted an instrumental variable (IV) estimation to address potential endogeneity in perceived national and societal risk. While the results suggest a possible directional influence from risk perception to SWB, limitations in the validity of instruments and the stability of estimates warrant cautious interpretation. Nonetheless, the association remains robust even after accounting for macro-level indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, income inequality, and measures of democratic governance (Freedom House score). Furthermore, the interactive effects of upward and downward comparative disparities with perceived societal risk become more pronounced in high-risk contexts, amplifying the negative association in the case of upward disparities (Iu) and enhancing the positive association in the case of downward disparities (Id). While causality cannot be definitively established, the findings clarify the structural interplay between perceived societal risk, the distributional shape of well-being, and individual-level SWB. This provides a conceptual framework for understanding how societal risk perceptions and well-being disparities jointly shape SWB across different contexts.

Research on cultural differences in the experience of loneliness often conceptualizes culture as a general inclination or disposition—such as the distinction between collectivist and individualistic cultures—typically manifested at an aggregate, usually national, level. Moreover, the mediating mechanisms between cultural factors and reported loneliness remain understudied. To examine whether and how more specific cultural beliefs and practices—those in which ordinary individuals are actively engaged in their daily lives—relate to loneliness, we focus on a distinctive, indigenous, and socially influential cultural tradition in mainland China: ancestor worship. Drawing on data from the Chinese Cultural Values Survey, this article identifies a robust and significant negative association between engagement in ancestor worship and feeling of loneliness. Compared to the belief dimension, the behavioral dimension of ancestor worship exerts a stronger effect in reducing loneliness. Ancestor worship alleviates loneliness by fostering family support, reinforcing moral alignment with parents, and encouraging intense interpersonal interactions during rituals. In addition, the behavioral aspect of ancestor worship mitigates loneliness by enhancing kinship identification and eliciting emotional arousal during ritual practices. This study contributes to the literature on culture and loneliness by presenting the case of China and highlighting the relevance of ancestor worship—a deeply rooted traditional culture in China and many other societies.

Childhood maltreatment is detrimental to adolescents’ psychological and behavioral outcomes, including prosocial behaviors. However, few studies have employed a longitudinal design to examine the relation between childhood maltreatment and adolescents’ prosocial behavior, Leaving the underlying mediating mechanisms from interpersonal-psychological constructs largely unexplored. Guided by attachment theory and conservation of resources theory, the current study aimed to investigate the relation between childhood maltreatment and prosocial behavior, and explore the mediating role of interpersonal needs, including thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. A total of 2,407 Chinese adolescents (50.23% girl, M_age = 12.75, SD = 0.58 at baseline) from seven schools participated this study across three waves of data collection at one-year intervals. The parallel mediation model was employed to explore the longitudinal relation between childhood maltreatment at T1 and prosocial behavior at T3, and test the longitudinal mediator roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness at T2. After controlling age, sex, family socioeconomic status, and prior prosocial behaviors, the findings revealed that childhood maltreatment at T1 was negatively predicted prosocial behaviors at T3. Moreover, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness at T2 played completely parallel mediating roles between childhood maltreatment at T1 and prosocial behaviors at T3.

Families with children frequently utilize public playgrounds for leisure activities. Providing care for children in these spaces can yield emotional satisfaction and strengthen parent‒child relationships. Unlike traditional caregiving, this type of care also offers a leisure experience. However, there is Limited research on caregiving needs, resources, and caregiver well-being in the public playground setting. This study gathered empirical data from 29 interviews with and 224 questionnaires completed by caregivers. Deductive content analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal the care demands (stress and energy consumption) and care resources (such as meaning, achievement, environment, social support, and relationships) that impact caregiver well-being in playground settings. Based on the job demands-resources framework, this study proposes a care demands-resources model. This model verifies the relationships among care demands, care resources, engagement, and well-being. The results also provide valuable insights for design strategies and specific recommendations to improve the caregiving experience. The findings can be applied to other care settings, such as public spaces or family relationships.

Previous research has demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and technological addictions (i.e., internet addiction and smartphone addiction) among adolescents. However, given the distinct psychological mechanisms and risk factors associated with specific mobile applications, it is essential to explore this relationship in the context of short-form video addiction. Moreover, few studies have explored mechanisms explain the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and short-form video addiction. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether (i) distress intolerance mediates the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and short-form video addiction and (ii) family socioeconomic status and gender moderate these associations. At Time 1, a total of 1227 Chinese adolescents aged 14 to 19 years (43.4% boys; M_age = 16.00 years; SD = 0.61) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with six-month intervals. Results from cross-lagged panel models showed a positive bidirectional relation between loneliness and short-form video addiction, and that distress intolerance mediated the bidirectional relationship between loneliness and short-form video addiction. Moreover, the effects of loneliness on short-form video addiction were stronger among adolescents with low family socioeconomic status, while the effects of distress intolerance on short-form video addiction were stronger among adolescents with high family socioeconomic status. The findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness and fostering distress tolerance to reduce short-form video addiction.

Signature strengths (SS) are the most central and prominent character strengths in a person’s profile. They can be self-nominated or identified as the top strengths in a character strengths profile. This study investigates discrepancies between self-identified signature strengths (S-SS) and those identified by the VIA Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Data from a large international sample of 31,527 respondents from 142 countries were analyzed to compare S-SS and VIA-IS identified SS. Certain character strengths, such as fairness, appreciation of beauty, and prudence, were frequently overlooked in the self-nomination process despite ranking high according to the VIA-IS. Conversely, perseverance, creativity, and bravery were commonly regarded as SS by respondents, even if not reflected in the VIA-IS assessment. Humility, humor, judgment, and leadership were equally indicated as SS in both methods. Differences in the SS identification were associated with socio-demographic characteristics and, for some character strengths, with cultural contexts. The method of SS identification influences the choice of SS, revealing discrepancies that may indicate varying levels of self-awareness. Despite individual limitations, combining the VIA instrument with direct questioning could offer a more comprehensive and personalized understanding of an individual’s signature strengths, highlighting the importance of using both approaches to identify these strengths effectively.