Applied Research in Quality of Life最新文献

Meaning in life is a complex, multistate, and multicomponent construct, yet existing measures often focus on either states or components without fully capturing both dimensions. Additionally, the applicability of these tools to adolescent populations remains limited. This study first tested the six-state and four-component structures of meaning in life in a sample of 742 Chinese adolescents (347 males; Mean age = 15.39, SD = 1.68, aged 12 to 19). Exploratory structural equation modeling revealed a good fit for both structures. Based on these findings, a 24-item State of Meaning in Life (SoMIL) Scale was developed, incorporating the 6 × 4 state-component structure. A second sample of 668 adolescents (302 males, Mean age = 15.14, SD = 0.49, aged 12 to 18) was used to validate the scale’s structural validity, measurement invariance, internal consistency, and external validity. Results confirmed the SoMIL Scale’s robust psychometric properties, demonstrating its reliability and validity. Furthermore, the scale showed significant associations with quality of life, depression, and anxiety, highlighting its relevance for assessing meaning in life in relation to key psychological outcomes. This research provides a comprehensive, reliable tool for assessing meaning in life in adolescents, underscoring the importance of incorporating both states and components in future assessments, particularly in the context of mental health among adolescents.

Life satisfaction should be analysed focussing on the institutionalized occupational and private life, on preferences, and on the life course and controlling for life success. To do so, four hypotheses are tested. (1) Private life preference affects private life satisfaction positively, and occupational life satisfaction negatively. (2) Private life preference is affected by private life satisfaction positively, and occupational life satisfaction negatively. (3) Both satisfactions and private life preference are stable over the life course. (4) In each domain, success affects satisfaction positively. The sample consists of – socially selected – German high school students at age 16 which have been re-interviewed at age 30, 43, 56, and 66. Among the 1013 permanent respondents, the hypotheses are investigated by structural equation models with random effects. Hypothesis (1) and (2) are confirmed for occupational life, yet not for private life. Hypothesis (3) is confirmed throughout. Hypothesis (4) is confirmed for occupational life, but only partly for private life. Paradoxically, the everyday prominence of private life excludes its determination by the preference for it.

This study investigates childhood predictors of adult hope across 22 countries, leveraging data from 202,898 participants in the Global Flourishing Study. Key findings indicate that positive childhood experiences, such as excellent or very good health, supportive parental relationships, and regular religious attendance, are strongly associated with higher levels of hope in adulthood. Conversely, negative experiences like abuse and feeling like an outsider during childhood are linked to lower levels of hope. In many countries, excellent self-rated health during childhood emerged as a strong predictor of future hope (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.65), whereas experiences of abuse correlated with lower hope levels (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.10). The association between attending religious services during childhood and future hope showed notable variation in effect sizes across countries, with weekly childhood attendance in Sweden demonstrating a significant increase in hope (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.54) on weekly attendance, while Indonesia also showed a significant but smaller increase (β = 0.18, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.40), with Argentina showing essentially no association (β = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.20). The impact of parental relationships varied, with notable differences observed in countries like Germany and India. These associations were robust to potential confounding, as indicated by sensitivity analyses using E-values. This cross-national study underscores the potential role of early life experiences in shaping hope, offering valuable benchmarks for future research and interventions aimed at fostering hope from a young age in diverse cultural contexts.

This study aims to explore why and how parental workaholism can induce students’ learning engagement, focusing on the family systems of parents and students. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and social learning theory-modelling effect, we investigate the (in)congruence effect of fathers’ and mothers’ workaholism on students’ learning engagement. Using a sample of 475 students and their parents from 11 high schools in China, data were collected at three-time points. This study used structural equation modelling, polynomial regression analysis, and response surface methodology for data analysis. As anticipated, student psychological availability and subsequent learning engagement were enhanced when parents exhibited greater divergence in workaholism levels but suffered when both parents’ workaholism were more aligned. This study highlights the potential adverse effects of dual-parent workaholism and expands the theoretical insights into family influences on student engagement. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

A robust body of empirical evidence suggests that forgiveness of others is positively related to individual wellbeing. However, less empirical work has been done to identify the factors that may help children not only forgive better during childhood but also develop into adults who practice forgiveness more consistently. To support a population health agenda aimed at the promotion of forgiveness, further research is needed to identify potential determinants of forgiveness. In this preregistered study, we used the first wave of nationally representative data from 22 countries included in the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898) to explore associations of 13 individual characteristics and retrospectively assessed childhood factors with dispositional forgivingness in adulthood. We estimated country-level modified Poisson models in which forgivingness was regressed on all candidate predictors, and then aggregated results for the 11 predictors that were common across countries using a random effects meta-analysis. Risk ratios from the meta-analyses showed that a combination of individual characteristics (e.g., older birth cohort, female gender), early life conditions or experiences (e.g., more frequent religious service attendance, better health, more secure family financial status), and social circumstances or influences when growing up (e.g., higher quality maternal and paternal relationships) were associated with a higher likelihood of forgivingness in adulthood. Associations were somewhat heterogeneous across the countries. Our findings suggest that childhood may be important in shaping forgivingness in adulthood and provide some potential foci for population-level interventions.

We investigated online discourse on dehumanization and violence among polarized and non-apathetic neutral individuals, the latter defined as those who actively engage in political debates without being politically polarized. We employed text mining and machine learning to analyze over 39 million user-generated comments from two online forums—Lihkg (popular among anti-government users) and HKDiscuss (popular among pro-government users)—during the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong. On Lihkg, non-apathetic neutral individuals expressed stronger dehumanizing sentiments compared to anti-government users. On HKDiscuss, pro-government users exhibited stronger dehumanizing tendencies compared to both non-apathetic neutral and anti-government individuals. Furthermore, non-apathetic neutral individuals on Lihkg, as well as non-apathetic neutral and anti-government-learning neutral individuals on HKDiscuss, were more likely to endorse violence compared with other groups. These findings suggest that non-apathetic neutrality can intensify online political polarization and conflict. Our results enhance the understanding of how online political polarization contributes to dehumanization and violence, underscoring the importance of further investigating non-apathetic neutrality in online discourse.

The importance of balance has been selectively acknowledged in modern scholarship through notions such as work-life balance. However, the broader notion of balance in life has remained underappreciated. This may reflect the Western-centric nature of academia, with balance having received less attention in the West compared to other cultures. But aligning with efforts to make scholarship more globally inclusive, an emergent literature is exploring this concept. This report adds to this by presenting data from the most ambitious longitudinal study to date of life balance, as an item – “In general, how often are the various aspects of your life in balance?” – in the Global Flourishing Study, a five-year (minimum) panel study investigating the predictors of flourishing involving (in this first year) 202,898 participants from 22 countries. Reporting on wave 1 of the study, this paper looks at demographic variation vis-à-vis life balance, with our primary analyses consisting of meta-analyses across countries for each demographic group, focusing on three research questions. First, what are the distributions and descriptive statistics of key demographic factors. Second, how do levels of balance order across countries, with considerable variation observed, with the percentage either always or often in balance ranging from 83% in Israel to just 44% in Tanzania. Third, how does balance vary across demographic categories, with the biggest difference in relation to employment status (with 76% of retirees often or always in balance, versus 57% of those unemployed/seeking a job), and the smallest in relation to immigration status. These results shed new light on the personal and contextual factors that shape this valued outcome, and provide the foundation for further enquiry.

The present study aims to investigate the relative temporal associations of different types of mindfulness-related qualities (i.e., observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-reactivity, nonjudging, tranquility, and concentration) at the dispositional level with well-being, psychological distress, and nonattachment by a 9-month longitudinal study over four-time points. Data from 274 participants (Age mean = 21.22; 78.5% women) who did not have any meditation experience were analyzed using linear regression models. Two-hundred and forty-two, 223, 216 participants were retained at three-month (88%), six-month (81%), and nine-month (79%) follow-up assessments, respectively. The results showed that among the seven qualities, tranquility was the most predictive quality to the outcome variables, including depressive symptoms, perceived stress, mental well-being, peacefulness, and nonattachment, after controlling for the outcome variables’ scores measured at the previous time points and other qualities at baseline. Observing, describing, nonreactivity, and acting with awareness were also shown to be predictive of certain types of outcome variables. The present study might provide insights into which qualities could be specifically targeted in the practice of mindfulness for novices, aiming to optimize the benefits of practice on mental health.

The current state of the world has left uncertainty and despair for many, subsequently leading to increased risks in numerous areas of life (i.e., health, education, workplace, relationships) and overall wellbeing. Hope, as a stand-alone construct, is a protective factor against many mental and physical health conditions, while serving as a strategy to improve all areas of life. Moreover, research has found hope is teachable, measurable, and learnable. However, the skills of hope are not taught, leaving us susceptible to the risks associated with hopelessness if we do not know how to proactively manage it and grow our hope. The following narrative review provides a synthesis of hope-related research across numerous domains of life, provides evidence for hope as a teachable construct, and compiles evidence-based Hopeful Mindset and Hopeful Minds curriculums to help ignite the dissemination of its skills.

This paper examines the relationship between different dimensions of subjective well-being and savings behaviour. A conceptual framework based on Van Praag et al.’s (2003) two-layer model of well-being was empirically tested to investigate relationships among general life satisfaction, domain-specific satisfaction (health, income, leisure time, and job), and various measures of savings behaviour. Using panel data from the Understanding Society Survey covering British households between 2010 and 2018, this research determined that while general satisfaction positively correlates with savings behaviour, different satisfaction domains show varying relationships. Income and job satisfaction demonstrate positive associations with savings behaviour, whereas health and leisure time satisfaction show negative correlations. The core relationships remain stable even when the analysis is extended to include the non-linear effect of health satisfaction or the COVID-19 period, suggesting persistent patterns in how different aspects of well-being relate to financial decision-making. These findings suggest that approaches to understanding savings behaviour might benefit from considering multiple dimensions of well-being rather than relying on unified measures of general satisfaction.