Applied Research in Quality of Life最新文献

Objective: This study investigated a general Chinese child population aged 7–8 years with the EuroQol 5-Dimension Youth Version (EQ-5D-Y) and Child Health Utility 9D (CHU-9D) instruments, aiming to examine the agreement between self-reports and proxy-reports across various dimensions and overall health utility values, as well as to explore potential factors that may affect the agreement and utility values. Methods: Data were collected from second-grade students aged 7–8 in four schools in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces, China. Children and their proxies independently completed their respective versions of the questionnaires, including the EQ-5D-Y, the CHU-9D, and other socio-demographic information. The agreement between self-reports and proxy-reports in various dimensions was assessed using agreement rate and Adjusted Consistency (AC) value. Bland–Altman (BA) plots and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were utilized to analyze the agreement of utility values. Subgroup analyses of ICC and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to explore factors influencing the agreement between self-reports and proxy-reports. Results: A total of 369 pairs of valid questionnaires were collected from both children and proxies. The AC values for various dimensions showed good agreement between children and proxies for physical function dimensions, but poorer agreement for subjective social and psychological function dimensions. BA plots revealed significant overestimation of children's utility values by both EQ-5D-Y and CHU-9D proxy-reports compared to self-reports. The ICC values for self-reported and proxy-reported utilities were 0.130 for the EQ-5D-Y and 0.295 for the CHU-9D. Subgroup analysis revealed that mothers had higher ICC values and better agreement with children compared to fathers. Moreover, children's health conditions, parental marital status, and family's highest education level impacted agreement results. Conclusions: For the general child population aged 7–8 years in China, the agreement between self-reported and proxy-reported utilities is weak, particularly in subjective social and psychological dimensions, with proxy-reports significantly overestimating children's utility values compared to self-reports. Self-reports and proxy-reports of health utility should be considered complementary rather than interchangeable. The findings provide valuable insights and references for the development of guidelines for self-reports and proxy-reports of children's utility instruments.

This cross-sectional study explored how childhood trauma affect mobile phone addiction (MPA) in adolescents with depression through alexithymia and coping styles. 2268 adolescent participants aging from 12 to 18 who were diagnosed with depression were recruited in China. A moderated mediation model was constructed to examine the role of alexithymia and coping styles in the relationship between childhood trauma and MPA. 2239 patients completed the questionnaires in the study. Childhood trauma was found to be positively related to alexithymia and MPA. Alexithymia was positively related to MPA, and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and MPA. In addition, problem-focused coping had a negative effect on alexithymia, and there was a positive relationship between childhood trauma and alexithymia when problem-focused coping at the high level. Adolescents who experienced childhood trauma tend to have high probability of MPA. Alexithymia and problem-focused coping styles played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and MPA. This provided treatment guidance of MPA by avoiding traumatic experiences when childhood and encouraging adolescents to adopt problem-focused coping style to solve problems.

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of meaning in life (presence of meaning and search for meaning) in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and subjective well-being across different life stages. The research focused on three distinct age groups: emerging adults (18–24 years), young adults (25–44 years), and middle-aged adults (45–65 years). A total of 1155 participants (672 female, 483 male) from Türkiye participated in the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating role of meaning in life in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and subjective well-being. The findings revealed that the presence of meaning positively predicted subjective well-being, while the search for meaning negatively predicted it. Intolerance of uncertainty decreased the presence of meaning while increasing the search for meaning. These effects varied significantly across life stages. The presence of meaning played a stronger role in mediating model in older individuals, whereas the search for meaning was a more influential factor among young adults. The results provide valuable insights into how the impact of meaning in life on subjective well-being evolves across developmental stages. By addressing the relationship between uncertainty and well-being within the context of life stages, these findings contribute to understanding the individual and social functions of meaning in life within Turkish culture.

Meaning in life is a complex, multistate, and multicomponent construct, yet existing measures often focus on either states or components without fully capturing both dimensions. Additionally, the applicability of these tools to adolescent populations remains limited. This study first tested the six-state and four-component structures of meaning in life in a sample of 742 Chinese adolescents (347 males; Mean age = 15.39, SD = 1.68, aged 12 to 19). Exploratory structural equation modeling revealed a good fit for both structures. Based on these findings, a 24-item State of Meaning in Life (SoMIL) Scale was developed, incorporating the 6 × 4 state-component structure. A second sample of 668 adolescents (302 males, Mean age = 15.14, SD = 0.49, aged 12 to 18) was used to validate the scale’s structural validity, measurement invariance, internal consistency, and external validity. Results confirmed the SoMIL Scale’s robust psychometric properties, demonstrating its reliability and validity. Furthermore, the scale showed significant associations with quality of life, depression, and anxiety, highlighting its relevance for assessing meaning in life in relation to key psychological outcomes. This research provides a comprehensive, reliable tool for assessing meaning in life in adolescents, underscoring the importance of incorporating both states and components in future assessments, particularly in the context of mental health among adolescents.

Life satisfaction should be analysed focussing on the institutionalized occupational and private life, on preferences, and on the life course and controlling for life success. To do so, four hypotheses are tested. (1) Private life preference affects private life satisfaction positively, and occupational life satisfaction negatively. (2) Private life preference is affected by private life satisfaction positively, and occupational life satisfaction negatively. (3) Both satisfactions and private life preference are stable over the life course. (4) In each domain, success affects satisfaction positively. The sample consists of – socially selected – German high school students at age 16 which have been re-interviewed at age 30, 43, 56, and 66. Among the 1013 permanent respondents, the hypotheses are investigated by structural equation models with random effects. Hypothesis (1) and (2) are confirmed for occupational life, yet not for private life. Hypothesis (3) is confirmed throughout. Hypothesis (4) is confirmed for occupational life, but only partly for private life. Paradoxically, the everyday prominence of private life excludes its determination by the preference for it.

This study investigates childhood predictors of adult hope across 22 countries, leveraging data from 202,898 participants in the Global Flourishing Study. Key findings indicate that positive childhood experiences, such as excellent or very good health, supportive parental relationships, and regular religious attendance, are strongly associated with higher levels of hope in adulthood. Conversely, negative experiences like abuse and feeling like an outsider during childhood are linked to lower levels of hope. In many countries, excellent self-rated health during childhood emerged as a strong predictor of future hope (β = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.65), whereas experiences of abuse correlated with lower hope levels (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.10). The association between attending religious services during childhood and future hope showed notable variation in effect sizes across countries, with weekly childhood attendance in Sweden demonstrating a significant increase in hope (β = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.54) on weekly attendance, while Indonesia also showed a significant but smaller increase (β = 0.18, 95% CI: -0.04, 0.40), with Argentina showing essentially no association (β = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.20). The impact of parental relationships varied, with notable differences observed in countries like Germany and India. These associations were robust to potential confounding, as indicated by sensitivity analyses using E-values. This cross-national study underscores the potential role of early life experiences in shaping hope, offering valuable benchmarks for future research and interventions aimed at fostering hope from a young age in diverse cultural contexts.

This study aims to explore why and how parental workaholism can induce students’ learning engagement, focusing on the family systems of parents and students. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and social learning theory-modelling effect, we investigate the (in)congruence effect of fathers’ and mothers’ workaholism on students’ learning engagement. Using a sample of 475 students and their parents from 11 high schools in China, data were collected at three-time points. This study used structural equation modelling, polynomial regression analysis, and response surface methodology for data analysis. As anticipated, student psychological availability and subsequent learning engagement were enhanced when parents exhibited greater divergence in workaholism levels but suffered when both parents’ workaholism were more aligned. This study highlights the potential adverse effects of dual-parent workaholism and expands the theoretical insights into family influences on student engagement. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

A robust body of empirical evidence suggests that forgiveness of others is positively related to individual wellbeing. However, less empirical work has been done to identify the factors that may help children not only forgive better during childhood but also develop into adults who practice forgiveness more consistently. To support a population health agenda aimed at the promotion of forgiveness, further research is needed to identify potential determinants of forgiveness. In this preregistered study, we used the first wave of nationally representative data from 22 countries included in the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898) to explore associations of 13 individual characteristics and retrospectively assessed childhood factors with dispositional forgivingness in adulthood. We estimated country-level modified Poisson models in which forgivingness was regressed on all candidate predictors, and then aggregated results for the 11 predictors that were common across countries using a random effects meta-analysis. Risk ratios from the meta-analyses showed that a combination of individual characteristics (e.g., older birth cohort, female gender), early life conditions or experiences (e.g., more frequent religious service attendance, better health, more secure family financial status), and social circumstances or influences when growing up (e.g., higher quality maternal and paternal relationships) were associated with a higher likelihood of forgivingness in adulthood. Associations were somewhat heterogeneous across the countries. Our findings suggest that childhood may be important in shaping forgivingness in adulthood and provide some potential foci for population-level interventions.

We investigated online discourse on dehumanization and violence among polarized and non-apathetic neutral individuals, the latter defined as those who actively engage in political debates without being politically polarized. We employed text mining and machine learning to analyze over 39 million user-generated comments from two online forums—Lihkg (popular among anti-government users) and HKDiscuss (popular among pro-government users)—during the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong. On Lihkg, non-apathetic neutral individuals expressed stronger dehumanizing sentiments compared to anti-government users. On HKDiscuss, pro-government users exhibited stronger dehumanizing tendencies compared to both non-apathetic neutral and anti-government individuals. Furthermore, non-apathetic neutral individuals on Lihkg, as well as non-apathetic neutral and anti-government-learning neutral individuals on HKDiscuss, were more likely to endorse violence compared with other groups. These findings suggest that non-apathetic neutrality can intensify online political polarization and conflict. Our results enhance the understanding of how online political polarization contributes to dehumanization and violence, underscoring the importance of further investigating non-apathetic neutrality in online discourse.

The importance of balance has been selectively acknowledged in modern scholarship through notions such as work-life balance. However, the broader notion of balance in life has remained underappreciated. This may reflect the Western-centric nature of academia, with balance having received less attention in the West compared to other cultures. But aligning with efforts to make scholarship more globally inclusive, an emergent literature is exploring this concept. This report adds to this by presenting data from the most ambitious longitudinal study to date of life balance, as an item – “In general, how often are the various aspects of your life in balance?” – in the Global Flourishing Study, a five-year (minimum) panel study investigating the predictors of flourishing involving (in this first year) 202,898 participants from 22 countries. Reporting on wave 1 of the study, this paper looks at demographic variation vis-à-vis life balance, with our primary analyses consisting of meta-analyses across countries for each demographic group, focusing on three research questions. First, what are the distributions and descriptive statistics of key demographic factors. Second, how do levels of balance order across countries, with considerable variation observed, with the percentage either always or often in balance ranging from 83% in Israel to just 44% in Tanzania. Third, how does balance vary across demographic categories, with the biggest difference in relation to employment status (with 76% of retirees often or always in balance, versus 57% of those unemployed/seeking a job), and the smallest in relation to immigration status. These results shed new light on the personal and contextual factors that shape this valued outcome, and provide the foundation for further enquiry.