Applied Research in Quality of Life最新文献

Canada is one of the world’s important migration poles. For several decades, immigration has contributed to Canada’s ethnic, economic, cultural and diversity development. This paper examines the associated factors of sense of community belonging among immigrants using a pooled data from the 2011–2018 Canadian Community Health Survey. A secondary analysis of the Canadian Community Health Surveys, 2011–2018 was conducted. A subsample of the immigrant population (n = 64,680) was used for this analysis. All analyses were performed in STATA version 18. The article employed descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models to analyze the association between immigrants' sense of community belonging and various demographic and socio-economic predictors. The results indicate that 69.94% of immigrants reported a strong sense of community belonging. Overall, age, life satisfaction, personal income, homeownership, sex, and belonging to a visible minority were positively associated with a stronger sense of community belonging. Conversely, factors like higher household income, higher educational attainment, being single, lack of proficiency in official languages, and experiencing extreme life stress were associated with a weaker sense of community belonging. This research underscores the complex interplay between socio-economic status, personal circumstances, and immigrants' integration into their new communities. It points to the need for targeted policy interventions and community support programs that address the varied needs of immigrants to foster a greater sense of community belonging and facilitate successful integration. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on immigration, integration, and community belonging, emphasizing the importance of considering a wide range of factors in understanding and supporting immigrant populations in Canada.

Previous research has established a positive correlation between meaning in life and academic achievement, yet several gaps remain unaddressed. Firstly, the directionality of their relationships is unclear, particularly the potential impact of academic engagement on life meaning. Secondly, most studies have not distinguished between the distinct dimensions of meaning in life—presence of meaning and search for meaning. Thirdly, the underlying mechanisms of these relationships are not well-understood. To address these gaps, this study conducted a six-month, two-wave longitudinal analysis involving 3,895 Chinese secondary school students. Utilizing a cross-lagged panel model, we examined the causal relationships between both dimensions of meaning in life and academic engagement, with a specific focus on the mediating role of hope. Results indicated a reciprocal relationship between presence of meaning and academic engagement, where hope acted as a positive mediator within their bidirectional causal pathways. Conversely, the relationship between the search for meaning and academic engagement was unidirectional, with academic engagement significantly and positively predicting the search for meaning via increased levels of hope, but not vice versa. The study concludes with a discussion of research implications and future research directions.

This paper explores the characteristics, causes and consequences of the breakup process of binational couples. Previous research found significant differences in the separation processes of binational couples and usually conclude that they are at greater risk of separation. But most studies attempting to explain relationship breakdown processes are based on statistical data and therefore do not reveal the complexity of the decision process. In our study, based on interviews over a 12-year period, we analyze the importance and centrality of “cultural dissimilarity” to explain the separation processes of mixed couples. The data obtained allow to establish the significance of certain elements that add nuance to the theory of homogamy/heterogamy by showing how the ‘cultural distance’ is not a central argument in most breakup experiences but that it helps to shape the discourse.

Well-being (WB) is associated with healthier and longer lives, more social connections, and workplace success. However, assessment of WB is primarily based on self-report measures. This mixed-methods research examined how diverse adults described the sources of their WB and whether such views differed by education, race, and gender. Data came from midlife and older adults from the Midlife in the United States Study who responded to the question “What do you do to make your life go well?” (N = 2,118; 54% some college or less; 19% Black). We used directed content analysis to develop a codebook comprising 20 code groups. Three judges evaluated the presence of each code group within each open-ended response. Percent agreement among judges was strong (M = 0.91; range = 0.80-0.98). The most frequently mentioned sources of WB were Relationships, Positive Attitude, and Faith. Self-Awareness, Work, Coping, and Health themes were also common. Those with a bachelor’s degree or higher endorsed all code groups more than those with less education (ps < 0.01), except for Faith (p = .41). White adults endorsed all code groups more than Black adults (ps < 0.001), except Black adults endorsed Faith more than White adults (p < .001). Gender differences in WB code groups and correlations between code groups and self-reported WB are also reported. Findings point to key sources of WB and patterning by social structural forces, suggesting that social structural factors relate to how WB is experienced and described.

In psychology and public health domains, there is a strong interconnection between life satisfaction, an individual’s cognitive evaluation of one’s life, and health status. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in global lifestyle adaptations, including reduced physical activity (PA), potentially impacting life satisfaction. This study examines the relationships between life satisfaction, PA levels, PA venue preferences, and the influences of COVID-19 on PA. The study utilized data from the European Commission’s Eurobarometer, (GESIS, Cologne. ZA7888 Data file Version 1.0.0, 2022), which collected data across all 27 European Union (EU) Member States. The survey included around 1,000 residents in each EU Member State, 15 years and older. A total of 26,569 respondents were included in the analysis. 77.8% of participants reached the recommended PA levels by the World Health Organization (WHO). Men, young adults, singles, and rural residents had higher rates of achieving optimal physical activity levels. The study used four generalized linear models to examine the impact of selected variables on life satisfaction. The results indicated that both overall and daily life satisfaction were influenced by similar factors, including age, places for PA, COVID-19 impact on PA, and achieving recommended PA levels. Furthermore, the interaction between outdoor PA venues and COVID-19 impact on PA significantly affected life satisfaction, while no significant interaction was observed for indoor PA venues and COVID-19. The current study provides insights into mental health and PA in the post-pandemic period, accounting for different age groups across the EU.

As teleworking gains widespread global acceptance as a prevalent work arrangement, it is crucial to understand its implications for life satisfaction. Despite the increasing adoption of teleworking, few studies have examined the specific mechanisms through which it influences life satisfaction. This study used data on 358 married Singaporean women spanning six waves from 2018 to 2022, and applied path analysis to explore the effects of teleworking on life satisfaction mediated by work–life balance, workplace relationships, and working hours. The findings suggest a positive association between teleworking and life satisfaction, with work–life balance as a mediating factor. Although teleworking is associated with worsened workplace relationships and decreased working hours, the mediating effects of these factors on life satisfaction are not significant. Organizations should consider the potential benefits of teleworking for work–life balance and life satisfaction while also weighing its drawbacks.

The main aim of this paper is to conceptualise and empirically estimate subjective well-being capability. The empirical demonstration of the conceptual framework is applied in a selection of European countries: Poland and its leading emigration destinations the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, France and Italy. The paper advances the measure of subjective well-being capability (SWC) as the integration of the subjective well-being measure with the capability approach in a unified measurement framework. Following the development of a conceptual model, the theoretical framework is operationalized empirically to quantify measures of SWC across the selected countries using a Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes Model. Data from the European Quality of Life Survey is employed. A comparative analysis compares the SWC measures across countries as well as comparing SWC with conventional well-being measures such as overall happiness and GDP per capita. The results of the study reveal a significant correlation between the SWC based on a general model for all countries, overall happiness, and GDP per capita. However, it also suggests that country-specific SWCs, calculated from tailored models, could substantially deviate from traditional well-being measurements. This attribute suggests that SWC could be a practical tool for assessing individual contexts, as reflected in the tailored models, even though it might not serve as the optimal instrument for country ranking (via the general MIMIC model).

Although intergenerational solidarity with adult children has been considered to have a positive impact on older parents’ well-being, less is known about the association between intergenerational solidarity and longevity. Based on this background, this study identified multidimensional constructs of intergenerational solidarity with adult children and employed them as a predictor of older parents’ mortality outcomes in the United States. We used data from the 1988 wave of the Longitudinal Study of Generations, focusing on middle-aged parents when they averaged 60 years of age. We conducted a latent class analysis to identify typologies of intergenerational solidarity with adult children and included these results in a Cox proportional hazard model predicting age-related mortality risk between 1988 and 2020 using data from the National Death Index. We found that the best-fitting model revealed five intergenerational solidarity classes: tight-knit, intimate-but-distant, social, detached, and obligatory. Parents in the intimate-but-distant, social, and obligatory latent classes had a lower risk of subsequent death compared to the detached latent class. However, contrary to our expectations, parents’ risk of subsequent death was not significantly different between tight-knit and detached latent classes. Our findings suggest that weak ties bordering on estrangement could raise the mortality risk of parents. However, full integration, which includes support exchange, may provide little benefit to parents’ survival due to having a restricted family network.

The main objective of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler in a Spanish context. The PERMA-Profiler, developed by Butler & Kern (Int J Wellbeing 6(3):1-48, 2016) to measure Seligman’s (Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being, 2011) PERMA model of flourishing, consists of five domains that assess well-being: Positive Emotion (P), Engagement (E), Relationships (R), Meaning (M), and Accomplishment (A). We translated and adapted the PERMA-Profiler, analyzed the instrument’s reliability, its validity based on an internal structure through three confirmatory factor analyses, gender and age invariance, and its convergent and discriminant validity. A total of 2525 participants completed all measures. The results of the analyses to confirm the internal consistency are very acceptable in all the domains and in Overall Well-being (PERMA), except for the Engagement domain. The results of three confirmatory factor analyses show that the model of five independent interrelated factors (domains) presents the best fit. The analysis shows the invariance across gender and age groups. The analyses of the convergent validity show that are positively and significantly related to satisfaction with life (SWLS), to the six evaluated dimensions of psychological well-being (PWB), to positive affect (PANAS) and dispositional optimism (LOT-R) and the general physical and mental health status (SF-36). The discriminant validity analyses show that are related negatively and significantly to negative affect (PANAS), the total score of depression (BDI-II) and the Cognitive-Affective and Somatic-Motivational factors. The findings of this study indicate that the PERMA-Profiler is transferable to the Spanish context, and the Spanish version is a reliable and valid measure of well-being.