Farah W. Al-Humadi, Hiba Waleed Qassim, Ali Majeed Hameed, Ali Jihad Hemid Al-Athari, Bushra Jaber Umran, Rafal J. Al-Saigh
An intrauterine system (IUS) is a type of contraception tool that is used in order to control fertility and prevent concep¬tion in women for a long period. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of copper- versus levonorgestrel-releasing IUSs on women’s health. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 75 women that were randomly se¬lected (50 women that used a copper-releasing IUS and the remaining 25 that used a levonorgestrel-releasing IUS) amongst those attending out patient’s clinics at Hillah, Iraq, from March to July 2016. All women were between 18 to 46 years of age, and have had an IUS for at least three months. The measurement of serum ceruloplasmin (SCerP), haemoglobin, vitamin D (VD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels was undertaken. Our results revealed that the copper-releasing IUS group has low haemoglobin and VD levels, along with high levels of SCerP and proinflammatory cytokines. One the other hand, the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS group displayed no significant changes on the above markers. We can conclude that the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS is free of any adverse effect when compared to a copper-releasing IUS, at least with regard to the parameters examined by our study.
宫内节育器（IUS）是一种避孕工具，用于控制妇女的生育率和长期避孕。本研究旨在评估铜质和左炔诺孕酮释放型宫内节育器对妇女健康的影响。这是一项描述性横断面研究，从2016年3月至7月在伊拉克希拉门诊就诊的75名妇女中随机抽取（50名妇女使用铜释放型IUS，其余25名妇女使用左炔诺孕酮释放型IUS）。所有妇女的年龄都在 18 至 46 岁之间，使用 IUS 至少三个月。我们测量了血清脑磷脂（SCerP）、血红蛋白、维生素 D（VD）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）的水平。结果显示，铜释放 IUS 组的血红蛋白和维生素 D 水平较低，SCerP 和促炎细胞因子水平较高。而左炔诺孕酮释放 IUS 组在上述指标上没有明显变化。我们可以得出结论，与铜释放 IUS 相比，左炔诺孕酮释放 IUS 没有任何不良影响，至少在我们的研究考察的参数方面是如此。
{"title":"Comparative assessment of the effects of two intrauterine systems for long-term contraception on some haematological, biochemical, and immunological markers","authors":"Farah W. Al-Humadi, Hiba Waleed Qassim, Ali Majeed Hameed, Ali Jihad Hemid Al-Athari, Bushra Jaber Umran, Rafal J. Al-Saigh","doi":"10.61873/fmgq9899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/fmgq9899","url":null,"abstract":"An intrauterine system (IUS) is a type of contraception tool that is used in order to control fertility and prevent concep¬tion in women for a long period. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of copper- versus levonorgestrel-releasing IUSs on women’s health. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 75 women that were randomly se¬lected (50 women that used a copper-releasing IUS and the remaining 25 that used a levonorgestrel-releasing IUS) amongst those attending out patient’s clinics at Hillah, Iraq, from March to July 2016. All women were between 18 to 46 years of age, and have had an IUS for at least three months. The measurement of serum ceruloplasmin (SCerP), haemoglobin, vitamin D (VD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels was undertaken. Our results revealed that the copper-releasing IUS group has low haemoglobin and VD levels, along with high levels of SCerP and proinflammatory cytokines. One the other hand, the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS group displayed no significant changes on the above markers. We can conclude that the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS is free of any adverse effect when compared to a copper-releasing IUS, at least with regard to the parameters examined by our study.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"342 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilosomes are nanocarriers that contain bile salts in their vesicular bilayer, thereby enhancing their flexibility and durability in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike conventional vesicular systems they provide distinct advantages such as streamlined manufacturing procedures, cost efficiency, and improved stability. The main objective of this study was to attain a comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of nisoldipine (NSD) after administering an ordinary NSD suspension and an NSD-loaded bilosome suspension. The study used 60 Swiss albino rats weighing 200±15 g and divided into two groups (n=30 each). A dose of 2.2 mg/kg of NSD was administered from the ordinary NSD suspension to the rats of the first group and the same dose of NSD-loaded bilosome suspension was administered to the rats of the second group. NSD levels were determined in the rat plasma by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed that the Cmax, the Tmax, and the AUC0-36 were 51.47±0.94 ng/mL, 2±0.3 h, and 323.33±21 ng×h/mL for the pure suspension, and 116.41±1.22 ng/mL, 4±0.7 h, and 916±64.09 ng×h/mL for the bilosome suspension, respectively. The maximum concentration was significantly different between the pure and the bilosomal preparation (P<0.05), while the relative bioavailability of the pure suspension was 2.9 times that of the bilosomal suspension, 36 h after a single-dose NSD administration. In conclusion, the prepared bilosomal suspension enhanced the bioavaila¬bility of NSD, and could be considered as a vital delivery system.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters between a pure nisoldipine suspension and a nisoldipine-loaded bilosome suspension","authors":"Ghada Hamid Naji, Fatima Jalal Al-Gawhari","doi":"10.61873/tvtq4413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/tvtq4413","url":null,"abstract":"Bilosomes are nanocarriers that contain bile salts in their vesicular bilayer, thereby enhancing their flexibility and durability in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike conventional vesicular systems they provide distinct advantages such as streamlined manufacturing procedures, cost efficiency, and improved stability. The main objective of this study was to attain a comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of nisoldipine (NSD) after administering an ordinary NSD suspension and an NSD-loaded bilosome suspension. The study used 60 Swiss albino rats weighing 200±15 g and divided into two groups (n=30 each). A dose of 2.2 mg/kg of NSD was administered from the ordinary NSD suspension to the rats of the first group and the same dose of NSD-loaded bilosome suspension was administered to the rats of the second group. NSD levels were determined in the rat plasma by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed that the Cmax, the Tmax, and the AUC0-36 were 51.47±0.94 ng/mL, 2±0.3 h, and 323.33±21 ng×h/mL for the pure suspension, and 116.41±1.22 ng/mL, 4±0.7 h, and 916±64.09 ng×h/mL for the bilosome suspension, respectively. The maximum concentration was significantly different between the pure and the bilosomal preparation (P<0.05), while the relative bioavailability of the pure suspension was 2.9 times that of the bilosomal suspension, 36 h after a single-dose NSD administration. In conclusion, the prepared bilosomal suspension enhanced the bioavaila¬bility of NSD, and could be considered as a vital delivery system.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"225 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones, vital for mammalian life. They have a plethora of biological effects, mainly supporting metabolic, cognitive, and immunological functions. The pharmacological use of glucocorticoids makes them one of the most frequently prescribed drugs across all continents, and in all types of forms. Nevertheless, a number of serious adverse effects accompany the prolonged treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids. Research developments over the last 20 years have gradually reshaped the way we think about glucocorticoid-based therapeu¬tics. Aside their circadian rhythm and their delayed regulatory influence over an extensive number of sensitive genes, glucocorticoids also possess an underlying, ultradian rhythm, and also exert rapid, non-genomic effects. The notion that chronicity of glucocorticoid stimulation may differentially modulate the type of biological effects of the hormone brings various chronopharmacological concepts on the table of modern glucocorticoid-based therapeutics.
{"title":"The translational aspects of glucocorticoid biorhythmicity in modern therapeutics","authors":"Konstantinos Kalafatakis","doi":"10.61873/xeyd8146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/xeyd8146","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones, vital for mammalian life. They have a plethora of biological effects, mainly supporting metabolic, cognitive, and immunological functions. The pharmacological use of glucocorticoids makes them one of the most frequently prescribed drugs across all continents, and in all types of forms. Nevertheless, a number of serious adverse effects accompany the prolonged treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids. Research developments over the last 20 years have gradually reshaped the way we think about glucocorticoid-based therapeu¬tics. Aside their circadian rhythm and their delayed regulatory influence over an extensive number of sensitive genes, glucocorticoids also possess an underlying, ultradian rhythm, and also exert rapid, non-genomic effects. The notion that chronicity of glucocorticoid stimulation may differentially modulate the type of biological effects of the hormone brings various chronopharmacological concepts on the table of modern glucocorticoid-based therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"339 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study shows the cytotoxicity effect of the Crassula ovata n-hexane extract on esophagus can¬cer. C. ovata is a perennial succulent plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. In Africa, the leaves were used medicinally to cure epilepsy and diarrhoea by boiling them in milk. The hexane fraction, which is obtained through the maceration method, demonstrates the presence of many compounds that have an anticancer effect, which are ob¬tained by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The phytosterol compound was isolated by a preparative thin layer chromato¬graph and was identified by liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The hexane fraction was found to possess a strong anticancer effect against esophagus cancer. The obtained data from the human esophagus cancer KYSE-30 cell-line were analysed by one-way ANOVA, with a significance level of p<0.05.
{"title":"Cytotoxic effects of the Crassula ovata n-hexane fraction on human esophagus cancer KYSE-30 cells","authors":"Hawraa Kareem Al-yassery, E. Kadhim","doi":"10.61873/jmob1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/jmob1139","url":null,"abstract":"The current study shows the cytotoxicity effect of the Crassula ovata n-hexane extract on esophagus can¬cer. C. ovata is a perennial succulent plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. In Africa, the leaves were used medicinally to cure epilepsy and diarrhoea by boiling them in milk. The hexane fraction, which is obtained through the maceration method, demonstrates the presence of many compounds that have an anticancer effect, which are ob¬tained by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The phytosterol compound was isolated by a preparative thin layer chromato¬graph and was identified by liquid chromatography - mass spectroscopy. The hexane fraction was found to possess a strong anticancer effect against esophagus cancer. The obtained data from the human esophagus cancer KYSE-30 cell-line were analysed by one-way ANOVA, with a significance level of p<0.05.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, have gained attention for their cardioprotective effect. The exact mechanism by which SGLT-2 inhibitors exert their cardioprotective effect remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT inhibitor, exerts its car¬dioprotective effect by inhibiting the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE); a group of membrane proteins that regulate intracel¬lular pH and cell volume. Increased activity and expression of NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), the predominant isoform ex¬pressed in the heart, leads to cardiac hypertrophy. Our research group investigates the indirect mechanisms by which SGLT inhibitors exert their cardioprotective effect and have demonstrated that angiotensin II (ANG)-induced hyper¬trophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts is accompanied with increased SGLT-1 and NHE1 protein expression; an effect which is reversed in the presence of EMPA. In addition, we demonstrated that dapagliflozin improved survival of transgenic mice expressing cardiac-specific NHE1.
{"title":"The off-target NHE1 inhibitory effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in cardiac remodeling","authors":"F. Mraiche","doi":"10.61873/vqjh7890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/vqjh7890","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, have gained attention for their cardioprotective effect. The exact mechanism by which SGLT-2 inhibitors exert their cardioprotective effect remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that empagliflozin (EMPA), an SGLT inhibitor, exerts its car¬dioprotective effect by inhibiting the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE); a group of membrane proteins that regulate intracel¬lular pH and cell volume. Increased activity and expression of NHE isoform 1 (NHE1), the predominant isoform ex¬pressed in the heart, leads to cardiac hypertrophy. Our research group investigates the indirect mechanisms by which SGLT inhibitors exert their cardioprotective effect and have demonstrated that angiotensin II (ANG)-induced hyper¬trophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts is accompanied with increased SGLT-1 and NHE1 protein expression; an effect which is reversed in the presence of EMPA. In addition, we demonstrated that dapagliflozin improved survival of transgenic mice expressing cardiac-specific NHE1.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"337 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invasive candidiasis associated with the dissemination of endogenous Candida species is a fatal condition linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Progressive drug resistance necessitates the need for prompt and effective therapy. Therefore, choosing a specific and effective treatment is crucial. A two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetics (PK) / pharmacodynamics (PD) model has been used for this purpose, and the PD behaviours of amphotericin B (AMB; at 2.5 and 5 mg/L), voriconazole (VOR; at 1.5 and 3 mg/L), and itraconazole (ITR; at 1.5 and 3 mg/L) were assessed against two Candida albicans isolates (a sensitive and resistant one; ATCC-90028 and ATCC-10231, re¬spectively) with or without the addition of human albumin (2%). PK were simulated as time-concentration profiles, while the PD susceptibility of all drug doses has been assessed through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the relative optical density of fungal growth, and the exposure - effect relationship (fAUC0–24/MIC). A fungicidal activity without the presence of albumin was seen against both isolates of C. albicans at the highest dose of VOR, while the addition of albumin potentiated the efficacies of AMB and of VOR against both isolates, with no effect for ITR. Finally, human albumin exerted a variable and dose-dependent effect on the activities of some antifungal agents.
{"title":"Assessment of antifungal drugs’ activity against some Candida albicans isolates in the presence or absence of human albumin: a study employing an in vitro pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics model","authors":"Noor Abdalwahd, R. Al-Saigh, Hussam W. Al-Humadi","doi":"10.61873/sexh5182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/sexh5182","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive candidiasis associated with the dissemination of endogenous Candida species is a fatal condition linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Progressive drug resistance necessitates the need for prompt and effective therapy. Therefore, choosing a specific and effective treatment is crucial. A two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetics (PK) / pharmacodynamics (PD) model has been used for this purpose, and the PD behaviours of amphotericin B (AMB; at 2.5 and 5 mg/L), voriconazole (VOR; at 1.5 and 3 mg/L), and itraconazole (ITR; at 1.5 and 3 mg/L) were assessed against two Candida albicans isolates (a sensitive and resistant one; ATCC-90028 and ATCC-10231, re¬spectively) with or without the addition of human albumin (2%). PK were simulated as time-concentration profiles, while the PD susceptibility of all drug doses has been assessed through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the relative optical density of fungal growth, and the exposure - effect relationship (fAUC0–24/MIC). A fungicidal activity without the presence of albumin was seen against both isolates of C. albicans at the highest dose of VOR, while the addition of albumin potentiated the efficacies of AMB and of VOR against both isolates, with no effect for ITR. Finally, human albumin exerted a variable and dose-dependent effect on the activities of some antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"347 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study discusses the need for the development of alternative treatments for antiepileptic drugs. It proposes a theoretical chemical study using dioxoisoindoline derivatives and molecular docking in order to find potential alterna¬tive drugs. Three compounds (S1, S3, and S4) exhibited distinct activity against specific proteins related to epilepsy treatment. Our study also describes a DFT study that analysed the energy levels of the derivatives. Furthermore, we employed Lipinski’s rule and drug likeness predictions in order to assess the suitability of the derivatives as medicines. The results indicate that the molecular mass, log P, hydrogen bonding donors, and acceptors of the compounds fall within acceptable ranges. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of finding new treatments for epilepsy, and presents a preliminary investigation into the potential of dioxoisoindoline derivatives.
{"title":"Theoretical calculations and molecular design of novel dioxoisoindoline derivatives as anticonvulsant agents","authors":"Rawaa Mohammed Ahmed, Mohammed Oday Ezza","doi":"10.61873/ankg7670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/ankg7670","url":null,"abstract":"Our study discusses the need for the development of alternative treatments for antiepileptic drugs. It proposes a theoretical chemical study using dioxoisoindoline derivatives and molecular docking in order to find potential alterna¬tive drugs. Three compounds (S1, S3, and S4) exhibited distinct activity against specific proteins related to epilepsy treatment. Our study also describes a DFT study that analysed the energy levels of the derivatives. Furthermore, we employed Lipinski’s rule and drug likeness predictions in order to assess the suitability of the derivatives as medicines. The results indicate that the molecular mass, log P, hydrogen bonding donors, and acceptors of the compounds fall within acceptable ranges. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of finding new treatments for epilepsy, and presents a preliminary investigation into the potential of dioxoisoindoline derivatives.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanoinformatics is a next-generation method for designing and simulating nanodrug candidates. It involves combining bioinformatics and quantum tools to predict and evaluate drugs. This approach addresses scientific problems in cheminformatics, configuration optimization, drug development, and administration. The integration of bioinformatics and quantum tools is crucial for the understanding of these advancements.
{"title":"Novel in silico nano-drug design and delivery systems employing the density functional theory: a review","authors":"N. H. Aysa, S. W. Aziz, Rafal Al-Assaly","doi":"10.61873/fgxz4557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/fgxz4557","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoinformatics is a next-generation method for designing and simulating nanodrug candidates. It involves combining bioinformatics and quantum tools to predict and evaluate drugs. This approach addresses scientific problems in cheminformatics, configuration optimization, drug development, and administration. The integration of bioinformatics and quantum tools is crucial for the understanding of these advancements.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"347 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obesity is a worldwide issue that is progressively worsening. It can result in significant co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancers. Current treatment options for obesity have several limitations, and the connection between obesity and cancer development is not well comprehended. We examine the current state and future prospects of obesity therapy, with a focus on the potential application of nanomedicine. The presentation emphasizes the necessity for further research in this field and how developments in cancer therapy using nanomedicines could be applied for the treatment of obesity, thereby providing a safe and effective treatment with reduced side-effects for those patients.
{"title":"Tackling obesity from a nanomedicine perspective","authors":"O. Gobbo","doi":"10.61873/mdha4165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/mdha4165","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a worldwide issue that is progressively worsening. It can result in significant co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancers. Current treatment options for obesity have several limitations, and the connection between obesity and cancer development is not well comprehended. We examine the current state and future prospects of obesity therapy, with a focus on the potential application of nanomedicine. The presentation emphasizes the necessity for further research in this field and how developments in cancer therapy using nanomedicines could be applied for the treatment of obesity, thereby providing a safe and effective treatment with reduced side-effects for those patients.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"339 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Hussein Shakir Al-Jailawi, H. A. Al-Hindy, Hayder O. Hashim
Globally, breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death, and rising incidence rates are anticipated. Im¬proving illness prevention and treatment strategies requires a better understanding of the interactions occurring be¬tween genetic variables, environmental exposures, and disease pathogenesis. This study investigated the impact of residence on the association between benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer patients. In brief, 58 female breast cancer patients in Babylon, Iraq were recruited as subjects of this cross-sectional study. We gathered clinical information (including residency, age, age at diagnosis, and haematological markers), and by using molecular and biochemical methods, the CYP1B1 polymorphisms and the benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels were assessed. Among the different types of breast cancer, there was no apparent association between the residence and CYP1B1 polymorphisms. However, the amounts of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct varied according to where a patient lived, with urban residents showing higher concentrations than rural residents. Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels were shown to be correlated with specific polymorphisms in the CYP1B1 gene. Our study highlights the intricate connections between environmental exposures, genetic variables, and place of res¬idency in the aetiology of breast cancer. Variations in quantities of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts imply possible func¬tions for environmental carcinogens, although no substantial correlation was found between genetic polymorphisms and the place of residence.
{"title":"Impact of residence on the association between benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer patients","authors":"Ali Hussein Shakir Al-Jailawi, H. A. Al-Hindy, Hayder O. Hashim","doi":"10.61873/jlre4978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/jlre4978","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, breast cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death, and rising incidence rates are anticipated. Im¬proving illness prevention and treatment strategies requires a better understanding of the interactions occurring be¬tween genetic variables, environmental exposures, and disease pathogenesis. This study investigated the impact of residence on the association between benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer patients. In brief, 58 female breast cancer patients in Babylon, Iraq were recruited as subjects of this cross-sectional study. We gathered clinical information (including residency, age, age at diagnosis, and haematological markers), and by using molecular and biochemical methods, the CYP1B1 polymorphisms and the benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels were assessed. Among the different types of breast cancer, there was no apparent association between the residence and CYP1B1 polymorphisms. However, the amounts of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct varied according to where a patient lived, with urban residents showing higher concentrations than rural residents. Benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct levels were shown to be correlated with specific polymorphisms in the CYP1B1 gene. Our study highlights the intricate connections between environmental exposures, genetic variables, and place of res¬idency in the aetiology of breast cancer. Variations in quantities of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts imply possible func¬tions for environmental carcinogens, although no substantial correlation was found between genetic polymorphisms and the place of residence.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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