F. A. Alzubaidi, E. Oubaid, Zahraa I. J. Shubber, Hussam W. Al-Humadi, Rafal J. Al-Saigh
Reinfection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been documented all over the world. Currently, limited evidence exists concerning the protec¬tion afforded by the COVID-19 vaccination against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. This case-control study was per¬formed in order to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the Babil Province; the study used an electronic questionnaire. The infected patients were 115 (aged ≥18 years) and were confirmed by a positive PCR and/or a CT scan, they were either fully vaccinated or not with a second dose of a (Pfizer, AstraZeneca, or Sinopharm) vaccine before the reinfection date, and they were compared with 300 control partici¬pants. The study’s findings revealed that the unvaccinated individuals had 4.5 times the odds of reinfection compared to those who were fully vaccinated, without preference for the manufacturer of the vaccine. The conclusion suggests that getting fully vaccinated against COVID-19 can significantly reduce the likelihood of reinfection, can enhance overall protection, and can minimize the risk of future infections.
{"title":"Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the Babil Province","authors":"F. A. Alzubaidi, E. Oubaid, Zahraa I. J. Shubber, Hussam W. Al-Humadi, Rafal J. Al-Saigh","doi":"10.61873/svrl5228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/svrl5228","url":null,"abstract":"Reinfection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been documented all over the world. Currently, limited evidence exists concerning the protec¬tion afforded by the COVID-19 vaccination against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. This case-control study was per¬formed in order to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the Babil Province; the study used an electronic questionnaire. The infected patients were 115 (aged ≥18 years) and were confirmed by a positive PCR and/or a CT scan, they were either fully vaccinated or not with a second dose of a (Pfizer, AstraZeneca, or Sinopharm) vaccine before the reinfection date, and they were compared with 300 control partici¬pants. The study’s findings revealed that the unvaccinated individuals had 4.5 times the odds of reinfection compared to those who were fully vaccinated, without preference for the manufacturer of the vaccine. The conclusion suggests that getting fully vaccinated against COVID-19 can significantly reduce the likelihood of reinfection, can enhance overall protection, and can minimize the risk of future infections.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa H. Hammadi, Saba Abdulmunem Habeeb, Lena Fadhil Al-Jibouri, Samir Azzat Malik, Fatema Samer Al bdear, Amal Adnan
In our study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by precipitation (economically and in high quality) at a temperature range of 60°C to 80°C and at pH 8, and were then adorned with graphene (G) plates. To determine its antimicrobial potential, the ZnO/G complex was loaded with metronidazole. The morphology and diameter of the ZnO nanocomposite before and after the loading were validated by scanning electron microscopy. The average size of the ZnO NPs was found to be 20–40 nm, while X-ray diffraction examined how the physical features of these NPs varied from those of its individual components with an average size of 28.1 nm. The assessment of the ZnO/G com¬plex’s antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was the main aim of our work. The agar well diffusion technique was used in order to assess the antibacterial activity of the ZnO/G complex with and without metronidazole. Our study demonstrates that the ZnO/G complex possesses antibacterial activity and might increase the antibiotic action by inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria (more than Gram-negative ones). It is, therefore, concluded that the ZnO/G NPs could be of use in formulating nano-drug conjugates that could act as antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Metronidazole-loaded zinc oxide / graphene nanoparticles: synthesis, analysis, drug delivery, and antibacterial efficiency","authors":"Asmaa H. Hammadi, Saba Abdulmunem Habeeb, Lena Fadhil Al-Jibouri, Samir Azzat Malik, Fatema Samer Al bdear, Amal Adnan","doi":"10.61873/fwit2515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/fwit2515","url":null,"abstract":"In our study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by precipitation (economically and in high quality) at a temperature range of 60°C to 80°C and at pH 8, and were then adorned with graphene (G) plates. To determine its antimicrobial potential, the ZnO/G complex was loaded with metronidazole. The morphology and diameter of the ZnO nanocomposite before and after the loading were validated by scanning electron microscopy. The average size of the ZnO NPs was found to be 20–40 nm, while X-ray diffraction examined how the physical features of these NPs varied from those of its individual components with an average size of 28.1 nm. The assessment of the ZnO/G com¬plex’s antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was the main aim of our work. The agar well diffusion technique was used in order to assess the antibacterial activity of the ZnO/G complex with and without metronidazole. Our study demonstrates that the ZnO/G complex possesses antibacterial activity and might increase the antibiotic action by inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria (more than Gram-negative ones). It is, therefore, concluded that the ZnO/G NPs could be of use in formulating nano-drug conjugates that could act as antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Israa N. Salim, Zainab A. Fadhil, Falah H. Hussein
Globally, a massive amount of expired or leftover medications accumulates each year because of pharmaceutical overprescription, combined with overproduction. This pharmaceutical waste poses environmental, economic, and so-cial/ethical challenges. The objective of this study is to understand societal behavior regarding the disposal of medi¬cations in the Babylon Governorate and develop a prototype of a knowledge-based system that promotes proper disposal of pharmaceutical waste. A two-phase cross-sectional study was carried out. The first phase involved inter¬viewing pharmacists, while the second phase targeted the general population. A visit to Aljiumhori Hospital was made in order to assess the pharmaceutical waste disposal methods. The study found that most pharmacists (70%) and people (59.2%) prefer throwing expired medicine in the trash can. Moreover, 64.4% of the people participating in our study believe that placing unused drugs in special containers in each region is the best disposal method. Additionally, 48.2% of households are unaware of the environmental and health consequences of this waste. Pharmaceutical waste disposal in the Babylon Governorate is poorly managed. The absence of processes separating medical waste from general waste and the use of sanitary landfills as the sole method of disposal can pose serious environmental and public health risks. One can only address this issue with proper waste management, staff training, and protocol adherence.
{"title":"Management of pharmaceutical waste in the Babylon Governorate","authors":"Israa N. Salim, Zainab A. Fadhil, Falah H. Hussein","doi":"10.61873/lvgt1509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/lvgt1509","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, a massive amount of expired or leftover medications accumulates each year because of pharmaceutical overprescription, combined with overproduction. This pharmaceutical waste poses environmental, economic, and so-cial/ethical challenges. The objective of this study is to understand societal behavior regarding the disposal of medi¬cations in the Babylon Governorate and develop a prototype of a knowledge-based system that promotes proper disposal of pharmaceutical waste. A two-phase cross-sectional study was carried out. The first phase involved inter¬viewing pharmacists, while the second phase targeted the general population. A visit to Aljiumhori Hospital was made in order to assess the pharmaceutical waste disposal methods. The study found that most pharmacists (70%) and people (59.2%) prefer throwing expired medicine in the trash can. Moreover, 64.4% of the people participating in our study believe that placing unused drugs in special containers in each region is the best disposal method. Additionally, 48.2% of households are unaware of the environmental and health consequences of this waste. Pharmaceutical waste disposal in the Babylon Governorate is poorly managed. The absence of processes separating medical waste from general waste and the use of sanitary landfills as the sole method of disposal can pose serious environmental and public health risks. One can only address this issue with proper waste management, staff training, and protocol adherence.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"241 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proceedings of the 1st International Babylon Conference on Clinical and Experimental Pharmacological Research (taking place at the College of Pharmacy of the University of Babylon, in Hillah, Iraq; May 4-5, 2024) are hereby hosted by the Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition; a journal that has provided a significant service to the international pharmacological community since 1987. These proceedings include a total of 50 papers (including this editorial) and provide a representative overview of the conference’s rich scientific pro¬gramme. The latter has served two objectives: (i) to facilitate the mapping of the Iraqi pharmacological research and priorities, and (ii) to enable the establishment of international collaborations in the field. In that respect, the proceed¬ings host the inspiring messages of several conference keynote speakers from abroad, and feature a variety of clinical and experimental studies that well relate to the priorities currently set by the Iraqi pharmacological community.
{"title":"The 1st International Babylon Conference on Clinical and Experimental Pharmacological Research: mapping the Iraqi pharmacological research activity and priorities","authors":"Charis Liapi, Apostolos Zarros","doi":"10.61873/vbnu2182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/vbnu2182","url":null,"abstract":"The proceedings of the 1st International Babylon Conference on Clinical and Experimental Pharmacological Research (taking place at the College of Pharmacy of the University of Babylon, in Hillah, Iraq; May 4-5, 2024) are hereby hosted by the Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition; a journal that has provided a significant service to the international pharmacological community since 1987. These proceedings include a total of 50 papers (including this editorial) and provide a representative overview of the conference’s rich scientific pro¬gramme. The latter has served two objectives: (i) to facilitate the mapping of the Iraqi pharmacological research and priorities, and (ii) to enable the establishment of international collaborations in the field. In that respect, the proceed¬ings host the inspiring messages of several conference keynote speakers from abroad, and feature a variety of clinical and experimental studies that well relate to the priorities currently set by the Iraqi pharmacological community.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"337 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aamer Mousa Ali, Noor Ali Hussein, Dhafer Jawad, H. H. Abed, Shereen M. Mekkey
The popularity of stevia is high, especially among diabetics and those looking to reduce their calorie-intake. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a commercially-available stevia and of a Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract on the liver function and histology of rats. After preparing the Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract, 60 healthy adult male rats were randomly separated into three groups: untreated control, commercial stevia treatment (25 mg/kg), and Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract treatment (25 mg/kg). Our results show that after 60 days of treatment (oral administration), a significant elevation of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed in the commercial stevia-treated group, suggesting potential effects on liver function. The Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract-treated group also exhibited increased ALT levels. Moreover, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were found significantly increased in both of these treatment groups (when compared to the control group). Alkaline phosphatase levels were not found altered between groups. Histological-examinations, in spite of the elevated ALT and AST levels, exhibited no abnor¬malities in the liver. Although stevia is generally regarded as safe, this study underlines the importance of considering the type and form of stevia when evaluating its effects on liver health. Further study is warranted so as to elucidate the specific components and mechanisms responsible for the observed variations in liver enzymes, and to confirm the overall safety of stevia products.
甜叶菊很受欢迎，尤其是在糖尿病患者和希望减少热量摄入的人当中。本研究旨在比较市售甜叶菊和甜叶菊叶提取物对大鼠肝功能和组织学的影响。在制备甜叶菊叶提取物后，60 只健康成年雄性大鼠被随机分为三组：未处理对照组、市售甜叶菊处理组（25 毫克/千克）和甜叶菊叶提取物处理组（25 毫克/千克）。结果表明，经过 60 天的治疗（口服）后，商业甜叶菊治疗组的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平明显升高，表明其对肝功能有潜在影响。甜叶菊叶提取物处理组的 ALT 水平也有所升高。此外，与对照组相比，这两个处理组的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平也明显升高。各组之间的碱性磷酸酶水平没有变化。尽管谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平升高，但组织学检查显示肝脏并无异常。虽然甜菊糖被普遍认为是安全的，但这项研究强调，在评估甜菊糖对肝脏健康的影响时，必须考虑甜菊糖的种类和形式。我们有必要开展进一步研究，以阐明导致所观察到的肝酶变化的具体成分和机制，并确认甜叶菊产品的整体安全性。
{"title":"Hepatotoxic effects of Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract and commercial stevia on rats: a comparative study","authors":"Aamer Mousa Ali, Noor Ali Hussein, Dhafer Jawad, H. H. Abed, Shereen M. Mekkey","doi":"10.61873/xfaq5379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/xfaq5379","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of stevia is high, especially among diabetics and those looking to reduce their calorie-intake. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a commercially-available stevia and of a Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract on the liver function and histology of rats. After preparing the Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract, 60 healthy adult male rats were randomly separated into three groups: untreated control, commercial stevia treatment (25 mg/kg), and Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract treatment (25 mg/kg). Our results show that after 60 days of treatment (oral administration), a significant elevation of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed in the commercial stevia-treated group, suggesting potential effects on liver function. The Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract-treated group also exhibited increased ALT levels. Moreover, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were found significantly increased in both of these treatment groups (when compared to the control group). Alkaline phosphatase levels were not found altered between groups. Histological-examinations, in spite of the elevated ALT and AST levels, exhibited no abnor¬malities in the liver. Although stevia is generally regarded as safe, this study underlines the importance of considering the type and form of stevia when evaluating its effects on liver health. Further study is warranted so as to elucidate the specific components and mechanisms responsible for the observed variations in liver enzymes, and to confirm the overall safety of stevia products.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"232 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ismael Obaidi, F. A. Alzubaidi, Aymen A. Bash, Q. J. Fadheel, Hussam W. Al-Humadi, Junying Liu
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for 90% of all estimated cases. Advanced RCC often carries poor prognosis due to its high metastases rate, the lack of early-warning signs, as well as its complex clinical manifestations and its resistance to chemotherapy. Ethnopharmacologically, Fructus Rosae laevigata (JinYingZi) has been employed by Chinese medicine to treat various urinary tract and gastrointestinal dis¬orders. This study aimed at performing a series of mechanistic analyses in order to unlock the anticancer potential of JinYingZi-derived bioactive components against RCC. Several network pharmacology tools were employed so as to analyse the drug-disease interactions. Our data revealed that more than 2,214 genes were dysregulated in RCC, whereas the JinYingZi-derived bioactive compounds modulated 347 genes. The intersecting between RCC and the bioactive compounds revealed 132 cross targets. Our results were further validated by conducting molecular docking, which revealed a stable association between oleanolic acid with each of the following targets: androgen receptor (AR), dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), estradiol (ESR1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2). Our approach is being used successfully in order to evaluate a panel of novel medicinal plant-derived bioactive com¬pounds, and may lead to the identification of safe and effective chemical scaffolds that could act as templates for drug discovery or yield potential drug candidates.
{"title":"Novel anticancer mechanisms of JinYingZi-derived oleanolic acid against renal cell carcinoma: an in silico analysis","authors":"Ismael Obaidi, F. A. Alzubaidi, Aymen A. Bash, Q. J. Fadheel, Hussam W. Al-Humadi, Junying Liu","doi":"10.61873/kzws3688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/kzws3688","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for 90% of all estimated cases. Advanced RCC often carries poor prognosis due to its high metastases rate, the lack of early-warning signs, as well as its complex clinical manifestations and its resistance to chemotherapy. Ethnopharmacologically, Fructus Rosae laevigata (JinYingZi) has been employed by Chinese medicine to treat various urinary tract and gastrointestinal dis¬orders. This study aimed at performing a series of mechanistic analyses in order to unlock the anticancer potential of JinYingZi-derived bioactive components against RCC. Several network pharmacology tools were employed so as to analyse the drug-disease interactions. Our data revealed that more than 2,214 genes were dysregulated in RCC, whereas the JinYingZi-derived bioactive compounds modulated 347 genes. The intersecting between RCC and the bioactive compounds revealed 132 cross targets. Our results were further validated by conducting molecular docking, which revealed a stable association between oleanolic acid with each of the following targets: androgen receptor (AR), dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), estradiol (ESR1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2). Our approach is being used successfully in order to evaluate a panel of novel medicinal plant-derived bioactive com¬pounds, and may lead to the identification of safe and effective chemical scaffolds that could act as templates for drug discovery or yield potential drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141012039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Maimunah, Andreas Agung Kurniawan, Andrio Palayukan
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. Despite their efficacy, concerns have emerged regarding their potential adverse effects, particularly in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). CLD patients often experience gastrointestinal symptoms and may be prescribed PPIs, but the impact of PPI use on liver function and disease progression remains uncertain. Scope: This study aims to evaluate the adverse effects of PPIs on CLD patients through a review of available literature. The scope encompasses a review of studies examining the association between PPI use and liver-related outcomes, including hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic decompensation, liver cirrhosis progression, and mortality, among CLD patients. Method: A scoping review of relevant literature were conducted to identify studies investigating the adverse effects of PPIs in CLD patients. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published up to January, 1 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: The review identified 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, comprising observational studies and meta-analysis. The review revealed a significant association between PPI use and adverse liver outcomes in CLD patients. Specifically, PPI use was associated with increased risk of SBP based on studies reviewed, while other complications remained inconclusive. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PPI use may have detrimental effects on disease progression in CLD patients, Long-term use of PPIs can lead to higher risk of SBP in CLD patients. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing PPIs to this vulnerable population and consider alternative treatment options or minimize PPI use to mitigate potential adverse outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, confirm the effect of PPIs toward other complications of CLD and establish guidelines for PPI use in CLD patients.
背景：质子泵抑制剂（PPIs）是治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）和消化性溃疡病的常用药物。尽管质子泵抑制剂疗效显著，但其潜在的不良反应也令人担忧，尤其是对慢性肝病（CLD）患者。慢性肝病患者经常出现胃肠道症状，可能会被处方 PPIs，但使用 PPI 对肝功能和疾病进展的影响仍不确定。研究范围本研究旨在通过回顾现有文献，评估 PPIs 对 CLD 患者的不良影响。研究范围包括对检查 PPI 使用与肝脏相关结果（包括肝性脑病、肝功能失代偿、肝硬化进展和死亡率）之间关系的研究进行综述。研究方法：对相关文献进行范围界定，以确定调查 PPIs 对慢性阻塞性肺病患者不良影响的研究。在包括PubMed和谷歌学术在内的数据库中搜索了截至2023年1月1日发表的文章。根据预先确定的纳入标准筛选出符合条件的研究。结果：综述发现了 27 项符合纳入标准的研究，包括观察性研究和荟萃分析。综述显示，服用 PPI 与慢性肝病患者的肝脏不良反应之间存在显著关联。具体而言，根据所回顾的研究，使用 PPI 与 SBP 风险增加有关，而其他并发症仍无定论。结论：研究结果表明，使用 PPI 可能会对慢性阻塞性肺病患者的疾病进展产生不利影响，长期使用 PPI 可导致慢性阻塞性肺病患者发生 SBP 的风险升高。临床医生在为这一易感人群开具 PPIs 处方时应谨慎，并考虑替代治疗方案或尽量减少 PPI 的使用，以减轻潜在的不良后果。有必要开展进一步研究，以阐明其潜在机制，确认 PPIs 对 CLD 其他并发症的影响，并制定 CLD 患者使用 PPI 的指导原则。
{"title":"Adverse Effects of Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitors in Chronic Liver Disease Patients – A Preliminary Article Review","authors":"U. Maimunah, Andreas Agung Kurniawan, Andrio Palayukan","doi":"10.61873/wway6273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/wway6273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease. Despite their efficacy, concerns have emerged regarding their potential adverse effects, particularly in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). CLD patients often experience gastrointestinal symptoms and may be prescribed PPIs, but the impact of PPI use on liver function and disease progression remains uncertain. Scope: This study aims to evaluate the adverse effects of PPIs on CLD patients through a review of available literature. The scope encompasses a review of studies examining the association between PPI use and liver-related outcomes, including hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic decompensation, liver cirrhosis progression, and mortality, among CLD patients. Method: A scoping review of relevant literature were conducted to identify studies investigating the adverse effects of PPIs in CLD patients. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published up to January, 1 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results: The review identified 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, comprising observational studies and meta-analysis. The review revealed a significant association between PPI use and adverse liver outcomes in CLD patients. Specifically, PPI use was associated with increased risk of SBP based on studies reviewed, while other complications remained inconclusive. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PPI use may have detrimental effects on disease progression in CLD patients, Long-term use of PPIs can lead to higher risk of SBP in CLD patients. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing PPIs to this vulnerable population and consider alternative treatment options or minimize PPI use to mitigate potential adverse outcomes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, confirm the effect of PPIs toward other complications of CLD and establish guidelines for PPI use in CLD patients.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collagen is an excellent biomaterial. Biological characteristics of collagen including biodegradability and weak antigenicity made it a primary resource in medical application. In biomedical field collagen is mainly used as sponges for wound/burn, supplement in rheumatoid arthritis, drug delivery system, controlling material for transdermal delivery and basic matrices for cell culture system due to its ability to stimulate formation of tissue and organ. Moreover, collagen is also applied in tissue engineering including bone defect, tissue regeneration, skin replacement and artificial blood vessels and valves. The article reviews biomedical application of collagen in wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, drug delivery system, tissue engineering and lung function improvement in pulmonary fibrosis due to viral infection.
{"title":"Biomedical applications of collagen: A Review","authors":"Mashiur Rahman, M. Huda, Anamul Hasan, Mala Khan","doi":"10.61873/kjdf4893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/kjdf4893","url":null,"abstract":"Collagen is an excellent biomaterial. Biological characteristics of collagen including biodegradability and weak antigenicity made it a primary resource in medical application. In biomedical field collagen is mainly used as sponges for wound/burn, supplement in rheumatoid arthritis, drug delivery system, controlling material for transdermal delivery and basic matrices for cell culture system due to its ability to stimulate formation of tissue and organ. Moreover, collagen is also applied in tissue engineering including bone defect, tissue regeneration, skin replacement and artificial blood vessels and valves. The article reviews biomedical application of collagen in wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, drug delivery system, tissue engineering and lung function improvement in pulmonary fibrosis due to viral infection.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"43 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background - Nowadays, multiple sclerosis is considered to be the most common immune-mediated, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Approximately 2.1 million people suffer from this disease world- wide. Scope - The presented article is a retrospective observational preliminary clinical study, being based upon fourteen patients. Materials and methods – These patients were initially evaluated and diagnosed in the ‘Neuropaediatric department’ and then admitted to the ‘Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest’ (SUUB), after the age of 18 years. The aim of this clinical study was to retrospectively assess the evolution of multiple sclerosis from the moment of its initial clinical manifestation on these paediatric patients into adult life. Results - For each of these patients, a study sheet was designed, according to which every patient was evaluated based upon a variety of parameters. Conclusions – The majority of the data obtained from this preliminary clinical study is congruent with the literature. Nevertheless, the presented article emphasizes the possibility of a Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - viral infection to be a causative agent of multiple sclerosis and not a protective factor instead. Even though epileptic seizures are considered to be an unusual manifestation of multiple sclerosis, a specific case of one paediatric patient with multiple sclerosis is being presented, who also suffered from general tonic-clonic seizures.
{"title":"Multiple sclerosis’ evolution of paediatric patients in adult life: A preliminary study","authors":"Danai-Niki Giourgali","doi":"10.61873/jtuw4404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/jtuw4404","url":null,"abstract":"Background - Nowadays, multiple sclerosis is considered to be the most common immune-mediated, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Approximately 2.1 million people suffer from this disease world- wide. Scope - The presented article is a retrospective observational preliminary clinical study, being based upon fourteen patients. Materials and methods – These patients were initially evaluated and diagnosed in the ‘Neuropaediatric department’ and then admitted to the ‘Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest’ (SUUB), after the age of 18 years. The aim of this clinical study was to retrospectively assess the evolution of multiple sclerosis from the moment of its initial clinical manifestation on these paediatric patients into adult life. Results - For each of these patients, a study sheet was designed, according to which every patient was evaluated based upon a variety of parameters. Conclusions – The majority of the data obtained from this preliminary clinical study is congruent with the literature. Nevertheless, the presented article emphasizes the possibility of a Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - viral infection to be a causative agent of multiple sclerosis and not a protective factor instead. Even though epileptic seizures are considered to be an unusual manifestation of multiple sclerosis, a specific case of one paediatric patient with multiple sclerosis is being presented, who also suffered from general tonic-clonic seizures.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"76 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid that can be found in a divergency of fruits and plants. Its main action is to protect eye health and vision. Its antioxidant properties play a crucial role in eye agitations, in decreasing inflammation, in protecting the neural tissues from chemical analyzed hypoxia and cell apoptosis. Lutein supplementation in associa- tion with low-calorie diet had a notable abatement in fat-free mass, visceral fat and serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. Lutein may also have a natural anti-cancer effect. This is because foods rich in lutein have antioxidant activity and oppose inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this mini-review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the main effects of lutein in health and disease.
{"title":"Lutein in chronic diseases: A mini review","authors":"Maria Trapali","doi":"10.61873/ybcs9028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/ybcs9028","url":null,"abstract":"Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid that can be found in a divergency of fruits and plants. Its main action is to protect eye health and vision. Its antioxidant properties play a crucial role in eye agitations, in decreasing inflammation, in protecting the neural tissues from chemical analyzed hypoxia and cell apoptosis. Lutein supplementation in associa- tion with low-calorie diet had a notable abatement in fat-free mass, visceral fat and serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. Lutein may also have a natural anti-cancer effect. This is because foods rich in lutein have antioxidant activity and oppose inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this mini-review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the main effects of lutein in health and disease.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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