Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication, affecting 14% of global pregnan- cies. This literature review emphasizes the importance of developing universal screening and diagnostic criteria in pregnancy. Screening criteria, as outlined by organizations like NICE and WHO, vary, reflecting the ongoing debate about the most effective diagnostic methods. GDM is linked with significant risk factors, and timely diagnosis enables intervention strategies to prevent adverse obstetric outcomes. This review underscores the lasting impact of GDM on maternal health, increasing the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), particularly in the first five years post-delivery. Despite this risk, there is a notable gap in preventive care and postnatal screening. Barriers include the absence of a universal protocol, unclear responsibilities among healthcare professionals, and challenges faced by women in the postnatal period. The low uptake of postnatal testing increases potential risks of entering a future pregnancy with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. This review highlights the urgent need for effective postpartum interventions, emphasizing education for women to prevent type 2 diabetes and ensuring safe subsequent pregnancies. There is a need for comprehensive, universal postnatal care strategies to address the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes globally.
{"title":"Gestational diabetes and the risk of type 2 diabetes in postnatal period","authors":"Angeliki Bolou, K. Gourounti","doi":"10.61873/ekfh6100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/ekfh6100","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication, affecting 14% of global pregnan- cies. This literature review emphasizes the importance of developing universal screening and diagnostic criteria in pregnancy. Screening criteria, as outlined by organizations like NICE and WHO, vary, reflecting the ongoing debate about the most effective diagnostic methods. GDM is linked with significant risk factors, and timely diagnosis enables intervention strategies to prevent adverse obstetric outcomes. This review underscores the lasting impact of GDM on maternal health, increasing the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), particularly in the first five years post-delivery. Despite this risk, there is a notable gap in preventive care and postnatal screening. Barriers include the absence of a universal protocol, unclear responsibilities among healthcare professionals, and challenges faced by women in the postnatal period. The low uptake of postnatal testing increases potential risks of entering a future pregnancy with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. This review highlights the urgent need for effective postpartum interventions, emphasizing education for women to prevent type 2 diabetes and ensuring safe subsequent pregnancies. There is a need for comprehensive, universal postnatal care strategies to address the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes globally.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":" 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140213222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lower extremity peripheral vascular disease is a typical, rapidly progressive, and disabling condition. In most patients, limb ischemia is detected at late stages of the disease. As a result, they are at high risk of limb loss, which makes a complete conventional treatment ineffective. In this situation, balloon angioplasty and stenting of lower extremity ar- teries are considered the optimal modern method of treating patients with critical limb ischemia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular techniques to improve revascularization during the treatment of critical lower extremity ischemia. The research involved a comprehensive examination and endovascular treatment of 170 patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the lower extremity arteries. The patients were operated for critical ischemia between January 2016 and December 2022, and the effectiveness of the measures taken was analyzed. It was found that the pathology under the study requires timely diagnosis and identification of the severity of limb ischemia and circulatory disorders, with the subsequent preparation of an appropriate treatment plan. The authors discussed the main problems accompanying balloon angioplasty and stenting of the lower extremity arteries in patients with critical limb ischemia. Also, the experience of developed countries in the optimization and improvement of the studied tech- nique was studied. It has been proven that the diagnosis of lower extremity vascular disease is related to specific difficulties. However, it can be made on an outpatient basis by analyzing medical examination data and simple labor- atory methods. The authors also examined the feasibility and prospects of balloon angioplasty and stenting of the lower extremity arteries in patients with critical limb ischemia. The re-search findings have a practical value for improving the treatment of patients with occlusive and stenotic lesions of the lower extremities, as well as for improving the effec-tiveness of balloon angioplasty and stenting.
{"title":"Balloon angioplasty and stenting of lower extremity arteries in patients with critical limb ischemia","authors":"Kostiantyn Khatsko, Serhiy Savolyuk","doi":"10.61873/czzg7769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/czzg7769","url":null,"abstract":"Lower extremity peripheral vascular disease is a typical, rapidly progressive, and disabling condition. In most patients, limb ischemia is detected at late stages of the disease. As a result, they are at high risk of limb loss, which makes a complete conventional treatment ineffective. In this situation, balloon angioplasty and stenting of lower extremity ar- teries are considered the optimal modern method of treating patients with critical limb ischemia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular techniques to improve revascularization during the treatment of critical lower extremity ischemia. The research involved a comprehensive examination and endovascular treatment of 170 patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the lower extremity arteries. The patients were operated for critical ischemia between January 2016 and December 2022, and the effectiveness of the measures taken was analyzed. It was found that the pathology under the study requires timely diagnosis and identification of the severity of limb ischemia and circulatory disorders, with the subsequent preparation of an appropriate treatment plan. The authors discussed the main problems accompanying balloon angioplasty and stenting of the lower extremity arteries in patients with critical limb ischemia. Also, the experience of developed countries in the optimization and improvement of the studied tech- nique was studied. It has been proven that the diagnosis of lower extremity vascular disease is related to specific difficulties. However, it can be made on an outpatient basis by analyzing medical examination data and simple labor- atory methods. The authors also examined the feasibility and prospects of balloon angioplasty and stenting of the lower extremity arteries in patients with critical limb ischemia. The re-search findings have a practical value for improving the treatment of patients with occlusive and stenotic lesions of the lower extremities, as well as for improving the effec-tiveness of balloon angioplasty and stenting.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140216332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Trapali, Sara Oumenoune Tebbi, Petros Karkalousos, N. Debbache-Benaida, Dimitrios Chaniotis, Vasso Apostolopoulos
In recent years, the study of medicinal plants’ therapeutic properties has increased due to their effects and biological activities. The Acanthaceae family consists of 242 genera and 3947 species mainly distributed across tropical and subtropical zones. This family is known to contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as, alkaloids, triterpenes steroids glycosides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. Herein, the antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Acanthus mollis (AM) extracted by green alternative technology; ultrasound assisted-deep eutectic solvents extraction (UAE- DES) were determined. The data obtained, showed that AM seeds had the highest Total Phenolic Content, antioxidant activity and anti-diabetic activity compared to AM seeds shell. The presence of antioxidants with anti-diabetic proper- ties in AM could potentially serve as a foundation for innovative drug formulations capable of addressing several diseases. However, it is strongly advised that studies, including toxicity assessments, be conducted with a view to- wards pharmaceutical applications.
近年来，由于药用植物的功效和生物活性，对其治疗特性的研究日益增多。刺桐科包括 242 个属和 3947 个种，主要分布在热带和亚热带地区。该科植物含有多种生物活性化合物，如生物碱、三萜类固醇苷、多酚和多糖。本文采用绿色替代技术--超声波辅助深共晶溶剂萃取法（UAE- DES），测定了Acanthus mollis（AM）的抗氧化和抗糖尿病作用。所得数据显示，与 AM 种子外壳相比，AM 种子的总酚含量、抗氧化活性和抗糖尿病活性最高。AM中具有抗糖尿病作用的抗氧化剂有可能成为治疗多种疾病的创新药物配方的基础。不过，强烈建议进行包括毒性评估在内的研究，以促进药物应用。
{"title":"Antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Acanthus mollis L. using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Maria Trapali, Sara Oumenoune Tebbi, Petros Karkalousos, N. Debbache-Benaida, Dimitrios Chaniotis, Vasso Apostolopoulos","doi":"10.61873/ojpv6764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/ojpv6764","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the study of medicinal plants’ therapeutic properties has increased due to their effects and biological activities. The Acanthaceae family consists of 242 genera and 3947 species mainly distributed across tropical and subtropical zones. This family is known to contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as, alkaloids, triterpenes steroids glycosides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. Herein, the antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Acanthus mollis (AM) extracted by green alternative technology; ultrasound assisted-deep eutectic solvents extraction (UAE- DES) were determined. The data obtained, showed that AM seeds had the highest Total Phenolic Content, antioxidant activity and anti-diabetic activity compared to AM seeds shell. The presence of antioxidants with anti-diabetic proper- ties in AM could potentially serve as a foundation for innovative drug formulations capable of addressing several diseases. However, it is strongly advised that studies, including toxicity assessments, be conducted with a view to- wards pharmaceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes is a common and serious disease. However, the past 50 years have seen a growing ageing population with an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Now, nearly half of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are older adults (aged ≥65 years). Elderly people with diabetes is a heterogeneous group, in many cases the condition of diabetes is accompanied by other chronic diseases, but also by the ability of the elderly themselves to control their blood glucose. The therapeutic treatment of elderly diabetic patients must be done with special attention and a lot of thought. Special importance should be given to exercise with aerobic exercise or alternatively the application of a program of progressive increase in muscle intensity (3-5 times a week), as well as training in proper nutrition with particular emphasis on the Mediterranean diet, which seems to increase survival in adults.
{"title":"Diabetes management in healthy ageing. A mini review","authors":"Maria Trapali","doi":"10.61873/bnpy9369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/bnpy9369","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a common and serious disease. However, the past 50 years have seen a growing ageing population with an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Now, nearly half of all individuals with diabetes mellitus are older adults (aged ≥65 years). Elderly people with diabetes is a heterogeneous group, in many cases the condition of diabetes is accompanied by other chronic diseases, but also by the ability of the elderly themselves to control their blood glucose. The therapeutic treatment of elderly diabetic patients must be done with special attention and a lot of thought. Special importance should be given to exercise with aerobic exercise or alternatively the application of a program of progressive increase in muscle intensity (3-5 times a week), as well as training in proper nutrition with particular emphasis on the Mediterranean diet, which seems to increase survival in adults.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"100 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Iatrakis, S. Zervoudis, Angeliki Sarella, Panagiotis Tsikouras, Minas Paschopoulos, Myrsini Balafouta, Panagiotis Peitsidis
Due to an unfortunate oversight of the corresponding author, Anastasia Bothou was included as an author of the editorial without her consent and knowledge. The citation of the editorial has now been amended as follows: Iatrakis G., Zervoudis S., Sarella A., Tsikouras P., Paschopoulos M., Balafouta M., Peitsidis P. Should ultrasound assessment of the endometrium be necessary in patients treated with Tamoxifen? Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. Int. Ed. 38(1): 7-9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.61873/OEFM7580. The publisher will update the PDF and HTML versions of the paper on the journal's website, and will alert downstream indexes and databases through supplying updated metadata.
由于通讯作者的疏忽，Anastasia Bothou 在未经同意和不知情的情况下被列为社论作者。社论的引文现已修改如下：Iatrakis G.、Zervoudis S.、Sarella A.、Tsikouras P.、Paschopoulos M.、Balafouta M.、Peitsidis P. 使用他莫昔芬治疗的患者是否有必要进行子宫内膜超声评估？Rev. Clin.Pharmacokinet.Pharmacokinet.Int.Ed.38(1):7-9 (2024)。https://doi.org/10.61873/OEFM7580。出版商将在期刊网站上更新论文的 PDF 和 HTML 版本，并通过提供更新的元数据提醒下游索引和数据库。
{"title":"Erratum to: Should ultrasound assessment of the endometrium be necessary in patients treated with Tamoxifen?","authors":"George Iatrakis, S. Zervoudis, Angeliki Sarella, Panagiotis Tsikouras, Minas Paschopoulos, Myrsini Balafouta, Panagiotis Peitsidis","doi":"10.61873/fvlx2571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/fvlx2571","url":null,"abstract":"Due to an unfortunate oversight of the corresponding author, Anastasia Bothou was included as an author of the editorial without her consent and knowledge. The citation of the editorial has now been amended as follows: Iatrakis G., Zervoudis S., Sarella A., Tsikouras P., Paschopoulos M., Balafouta M., Peitsidis P. Should ultrasound assessment of the endometrium be necessary in patients treated with Tamoxifen? Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. Int. Ed. 38(1): 7-9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.61873/OEFM7580. The publisher will update the PDF and HTML versions of the paper on the journal's website, and will alert downstream indexes and databases through supplying updated metadata.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140253716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Iatrakis, S. Zervoudis, Angeliki Sarella, A. Bothou, Panagiotis Tsikouras, Minas Paschopoulos, Myrsini Balafouta, Panagiotis Peitsidis
Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used mainly for adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. However, tamoxifen, due to its estrogen-mimicking effects, has been linked to various uterine conditions including menstrual irregularities, and endometrial cancer. Considering that in women taking tamoxifen, ultrasonographical endometrial thickness can be increased without an underlying pathology and that the tamoxifen induces only an extra endometrial cancer in 1 per 1000 women per year of use, patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment don't typically undergo regular examinations of the endometrium, including ultrasonography. Routine ultrasonographic screening for endometrial lesions could result in excessive intervention for non-symptomatic endometrial conditions, undue stress, and might even negatively affect patients' adherence to tamoxifen therapy, which is crucial for reducing breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Nevertheless, if any unusual bleeding arises, an endometrial evaluation is necessary.
{"title":"Should ultrasound assessment of the endometrium be necessary in patients treated with Tamoxifen?","authors":"George Iatrakis, S. Zervoudis, Angeliki Sarella, A. Bothou, Panagiotis Tsikouras, Minas Paschopoulos, Myrsini Balafouta, Panagiotis Peitsidis","doi":"10.61873/oefm7580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61873/oefm7580","url":null,"abstract":"Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used mainly for adjuvant treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. However, tamoxifen, due to its estrogen-mimicking effects, has been linked to various uterine conditions including menstrual irregularities, and endometrial cancer. Considering that in women taking tamoxifen, ultrasonographical endometrial thickness can be increased without an underlying pathology and that the tamoxifen induces only an extra endometrial cancer in 1 per 1000 women per year of use, patients undergoing tamoxifen treatment don't typically undergo regular examinations of the endometrium, including ultrasonography. Routine ultrasonographic screening for endometrial lesions could result in excessive intervention for non-symptomatic endometrial conditions, undue stress, and might even negatively affect patients' adherence to tamoxifen therapy, which is crucial for reducing breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Nevertheless, if any unusual bleeding arises, an endometrial evaluation is necessary.","PeriodicalId":515365,"journal":{"name":"Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics - International Edition","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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