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The Idea of Genre in the Algorithmic Cinema 算法电影中的类型观念
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/15274764231171072
Gerald Sim
This article questions the way that movie recommendation systems designed to microtarget spectators are thought to operationalize microgenres, highly specific groupings that appeal to narrow niches. If industry leader Netflix’s “altgenres” can track fluid preferences and reconceive audience groupings continuously to effectuate “deep personalization,” such trends towards individualization would undermine canonical genres and their study. But in clarifying the differences and similarities between microgenres, altgenres, subgenres, and cycles, this article situates digital microgenres beside long-standing Hollywood practices, discovers traditional genres enduring at the heart of industry applications of data science, and argues for analytics as a potential boon for film genre studies.
本文质疑为微目标观众设计的电影推荐系统被认为是操作微类型,高度特定的分组,吸引狭窄的利基市场。如果行业领导者Netflix的“另类流派”能够追踪不断变化的偏好,不断重新审视观众群体,从而实现“深度个性化”,那么这种个性化趋势将破坏经典流派及其研究。但在澄清微类型、替代类型、子类型和循环之间的异同时,本文将数字微类型与长期存在的好莱坞实践相提并论,发现传统类型在数据科学的行业应用中经久不衰,并认为分析是电影类型研究的潜在福音。
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引用次数: 0
Creative Genre Matters: Trendy Drama and the Rise of the East Asian Global Media Market 创意类型的重要性:潮流戏剧与东亚全球媒体市场的崛起
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/15274764231171069
Hsin-Pey Peng
The trendy drama, a new TV genre coined to signify contemporary trends, initially emerged in Japan in the 1980s and became popular with middle-class audiences across East Asia for portraying Western-like chic metropolitan lifestyles. This television genre typically consists of a 10 to 13 episode long miniseries with 60 to 90 minute episodes. Their narratives focus on love affairs between rich, attractive, hard-working elites as they question traditional Han Chinese values and consider whether women should be independent, allowed to work, have sex outside marriage, and divorce. While specifically Chinese, these values have influenced cultures across East Asia. While espousing liberal and feminist ideals, they roam from trendy stores, such as fashion clothing and cosmetic shops, to expensive restaurants, and back to their luxurious apartments. Quickly, these dramas became so associated with highlighting current global and local trends and countering tradition that they became known as “trendy dramas”. This genre quickly took off and soon thereafter, South Korea and Taiwan partnered together to create their own versions of trendy dramas that helped generate much of contemporary East Asian popular culture, including the rise of K-Pop. Based on Mittell’s claim that genres function as a means of framing mass audiences’ taste, here I explore the role of this TV genre in the context of globalization and local culture in East Asia and its effect upon reshaping social meanings during the 1980s and the early 2010s. In particular, the Taiwanese trendy dramas played a key role in elevating this genre within the Asian TV market. In this article, I argue that in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea, the trendy drama became a way to debate Han cultural values and their role in the lives of liberal metropolitan Asians. In the process, this genre helped reshape the East Asian TV market along with popular culture around the globe. I will begin by describing the history of the trendy drama before focusing on how it debates traditional beliefs and considers the value and utility of feminism and individualism in contemporary urban Asia.
潮流剧是一种新的电视类型,最初出现在20世纪80年代的日本,因描绘了西方式的时尚都市生活方式而受到东亚中产阶级观众的欢迎。这种电视类型通常由10到13集的迷你剧组成,每集60到90分钟。他们的叙述聚焦于富有、有魅力、勤奋的精英之间的爱情,他们质疑汉族传统价值观,并考虑女性是否应该独立、工作、婚外性行为和离婚。特别是中国人,这些价值观影响了整个东亚的文化。在信奉自由主义和女权主义理想的同时,他们从时尚服装和化妆品店等时尚商店,到昂贵的餐馆,再回到豪华公寓。很快,这些戏剧与突出当前的全球和地方趋势以及对抗传统联系在一起,因此被称为“潮流戏剧”。这一流派迅速兴起,此后不久,韩国和台湾合作创作了自己版本的潮流戏剧,帮助产生了当代东亚流行文化,包括K-Pop的兴起。基于Mittell关于类型是塑造大众观众品味的一种手段的说法,我在这里探讨了这种电视类型在全球化和东亚地方文化背景下的作用,以及它在20世纪80年代和2010年代初重塑社会意义的影响。尤其是台湾的潮流电视剧,在亚洲电视市场上起到了提升这一类型的关键作用。在这篇文章中,我认为在日本、台湾和韩国,潮流戏剧成为了一种辩论汉族文化价值观及其在自由主义亚洲大都市生活中的作用的方式。在这个过程中,这一类型帮助重塑了东亚电视市场以及全球流行文化。我将首先描述这部潮流戏剧的历史,然后重点讨论它如何辩论传统信仰,并考虑女权主义和个人主义在当代亚洲城市的价值和效用。
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引用次数: 0
Neo-Cult and the Altered Audience: Reviving Cult TV for the Post-TV Age 新邪教与改变了的观众:后电视时代复兴的邪教电视
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/15274764231171068
Bethan Jones
From The X-Files to Friends, Gilmore Girls to Twin Peaks, revivals of beloved TV series have dominated the airwaves and streaming services over the last decade. The media landscape has changed significantly since these series’ original airings, however, and webisodes, video games, social media hashtags and fan communities exist alongside—and act upon—the “original” text. By focusing on The X-Files and Twin Peaks revivals this chapter theorizes the return of cult television series as neo-cult. I use the concept of the dialogic to argue that if cult is defined dialogically between text, audience, industry, the media and the academy, neo-cult emerges through discourse recalling the series’ earlier iterations as cult being reflected and amplified, thus resulting in the revived text becoming a self-referential cult text or neo-cult.
从《X档案》到《老友记》,从《吉尔摩女孩》到《双峰》,在过去十年里,备受喜爱的电视剧的复兴占据了广播和流媒体服务的主导地位。然而,自这些系列最初播出以来,媒体格局发生了重大变化,网络视频、视频游戏、社交媒体标签和粉丝社区与“原始”文本共存,并根据其采取行动。本章通过关注《X档案》和《双峰》的复兴,将邪教电视剧的回归理论化为新邪教。我用对话的概念来论证,如果邪教是在文本、观众、行业、媒体和学院之间的对话中定义的,那么新邪教是通过话语回忆该系列早期的迭代而产生的,即邪教被反映和放大,从而使复活的文本成为一个自我指涉的邪教文本或新邪教。
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引用次数: 0
The Ethical Cringe, or the Dated Film as Revelatory Genre 伦理上的畏缩,或作为启示性类型的过时电影
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/15274764231171066
Jaimie Baron
In this essay, I propose both a definition and a pragmatic reclamation of the dated text—and specifically the dated film—not as endorsement or nostalgia or camp, but as embodied temporal revelation. In particular, I seek to reappropriate the (now) racist, sexist, homophobic, and otherwise ethically compromised film as a means of seeing ideology, of perceiving societal change, of re-cognizing the contingency of every historical moment, including our own. Indeed, I define the dated film here as one that provokes the embodied experience of contemporary ethics as such. Presentist critiques of the past, however well-intentioned, inadvertently reify the present and its ideologies. They erroneously imply, like Francis Fukuyama, that we have reached the “end of history,” that our values now are (and should be) eternal. The dated film, then, serves as an antidote to the hubris of the present and opens onto greater possibilities for the future.
在这篇文章中,我提出了对过时的文本——特别是过时的电影——的定义和实用主义的回收,不是作为认可、怀旧或阵营,而是作为体现的时间启示。特别是,我试图重新利用(现在的)种族主义、性别歧视、同性恋恐惧症,以及其他道德上受到损害的电影,作为一种观察意识形态、感知社会变化、重新认识每个历史时刻(包括我们自己的)偶然性的手段。事实上,我在这里将过时的电影定义为能够激发当代伦理的具体体验的电影。现代主义对过去的批评,无论出于何种善意,都会不经意地将现在及其意识形态具体化。他们像弗朗西斯·福山(Francis Fukuyama)一样,错误地暗示我们已经到达了“历史的终点”,我们现在的价值观是(也应该是)永恒的。因此,这部过时的电影是对当下傲慢的一剂解毒剂,并为未来开辟了更大的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
“We Don’t Aspire to Be Netflix”: Understanding Content Acquisition Practices Among Niche Streaming Services “我们不想成为Netflix”:了解利基流媒体服务的内容获取实践
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/15274764221100474
Mike Wayne, M. Sienkiewicz
Using the media industry studies approach, this article examines the acquisition strategies and licensing practices employed by three recently launched niche Jewish/Israeli subscription video on-demand (SVOD) services. Drawing on qualitative interviews with executives and publicly available materials, this analysis argues that these services acquire film and television titles through a combination of traditional and innovative licensing arrangements intended to maximize access to Jewish-themed or Israeli-produced content unwanted by better funded platforms. The findings reveal the ways in which access to specific kinds of content is dependent on executives’ ability to leverage preexisting industry-specific professional relationships as they attempt to maximize the value created from limited economic resources. As such, this article offers insights by contextualizing licensing practices being employed by niche SVODs across film and television industries while also highlighting the limitations of using the mainstream/niche binary to understand streaming distribution.
本文采用媒体行业研究的方法,研究了三家最近推出的利基犹太/以色列订阅视频点播(SVOD)服务的收购策略和许可实践。根据对高管的定性采访和公开的材料,这项分析认为,这些服务通过传统和创新的许可安排相结合的方式获得电影和电视节目,旨在最大限度地获得资金更充足的平台所不需要的犹太主题或以色列制作的内容。研究结果揭示了访问特定类型内容的方式取决于高管在试图最大限度地利用有限经济资源创造的价值时,利用现有行业特定职业关系的能力。因此,本文通过将电影和电视行业的小众SVOD所采用的许可实践置于背景中,提供了见解,同时也强调了使用主流/小众二进制来理解流媒体分发的局限性。
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引用次数: 5
Contingency, Precarity and Short-Video Creativity: Platformization Based Analysis of Chinese Online Screen Industry 偶然性、不确定性与短视频创意——基于平台化的中国网络屏幕产业分析
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/15274764221087994
Chun-Pin Su
Platformization theory proposes that cultural productions are contingent on platforms. This study argues that in the Chinese context; however, online productions are contingent not only on platforms, but on government policies. Under the influence of state, market, and platform policy, major streaming services in China are becoming an online “state TV.” The limitations placed on grassroots content has forced creators to thrive elsewhere, contributing to the proliferation of short video platforms such as TikTok. This study investigates the contingency and precarity of the online sector to map the migration of content creators from conventional streaming services to the emerging creative forms of short videos and livestreaming.
平台化理论认为文化生产是以平台为条件的。本研究认为,在中国语境下;然而,在线制作不仅取决于平台,还取决于政府政策。在国家、市场和平台政策的影响下,中国的主要流媒体服务正在成为一个在线的“国家电视台”。对草根内容的限制迫使创作者在其他地方蓬勃发展,导致了TikTok等短视频平台的激增。这项研究调查了在线行业的偶然性和不稳定性,以绘制内容创作者从传统流媒体服务向新兴创意形式短视频和直播的迁移图。
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引用次数: 5
The Millennial Medium: The Interpretive Community of Early Podcast Professionals 千禧年媒体:早期播客专业人士的解释社区
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/15274764221146475
Corrina Laughlin
Through evidence gathered from sixteen interviews with producers and businesspeople in the podcast industry, this paper argues that the professionals that populated the early phase of the formalizing podcasting scene made up an interpretive community defined, in part, by their appreciation for, and experiences with, public radio. I chart how this interpretive community cast themselves against dominant public radio paradigms when they moved into podcasting, while also retaining much of public radio’s ethos, and I discuss what the central preoccupations of this interpretive community were. I assert that audio broadcasting as understood and practiced within the interpretive community is a particularly millennial medium, influenced by the norms of digital communication. And I make claims about how this is foundational to understanding podcasting’s political and aesthetic predispositions. Ultimately, this argument advances and nuances one connection between public radio and podcasting using qualitative interview data.
通过对播客行业制作人和商人的16次采访收集的证据,本文认为,在播客正式化的早期阶段,专业人士组成了一个解释性社区,部分原因是他们对公共广播的欣赏和体验。我绘制了这个解释性社区在进入播客时如何反对占主导地位的公共广播范式,同时也保留了公共广播的大部分精神,我还讨论了这个解释型社区的核心关注点是什么。我断言,在解释界理解和实践的音频广播是一种特别千禧年的媒介,受到数字通信规范的影响。我声称这是理解播客政治和审美倾向的基础。最终,这一论点通过使用定性采访数据,在公共广播和播客之间建立了联系。
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引用次数: 1
Digital Domestic (Im)material Labor: Managing Waste and Self While Producing Closet Decluttering Videos 数字家庭(Im)物质劳动:制作壁橱清理视频时管理浪费和自我
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/15274764221150163
Zizi Li
This article examines (im)material digital labor essential to the production of closet decluttering videos on YouTube by analyzing two case studies: Leighannsays and Bestdressed. I highlight three interconnected forms of tidying labor, that is, home, data, and waste management, mobilized for influencer work and cultural platform economy. Wardrobe clean-out videos capitalize on both corporeal and affective aspects of housework and content production in the construction and maintenance of the digital self. They also assemble management labor to organize material articles in domestic space, produce/manage multimedia, and construct/amplify digital existence. The essay also discusses the (im)material labor required by the personal and outsourced handling of the disposed’s hereafters as goods and trash outside of the home. Unpacking how closet decluttering video production nests together (im)material tidying labor associated with disparate sectors from home-based platform cultural production to public management of household waste shed lights on imbricated operations of the influencer ecosystem.
本文通过分析两个案例研究:Leighanssays和Bestdressed,研究了YouTube上制作整理壁橱视频所必需的物质数字劳动。我强调了三种相互关联的整理劳动形式,即家庭、数据和废物管理,这些形式被动员起来用于影响者工作和文化平台经济。衣橱清理视频在构建和维护数字自我的过程中,利用了家务劳动和内容制作的物质和情感方面。他们还聚集管理劳动力,在国内空间组织材料文章,制作/管理多媒体,构建/放大数字存在。本文还讨论了个人和外包处理家庭外物品和垃圾所需的物质劳动。从家庭平台文化制作到家庭垃圾的公共管理,揭示了整理壁橱的视频制作是如何将不同行业的材料整理工作集中在一起的,这揭示了影响者生态系统的混乱运作。
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: The Podcaster’s Dilemma: Decolonizing Podcasters in the Era of Surveillance Capitalism, by Nicholas L. Baham III & Nolan Higdon 《播客的困境:监视资本主义时代的播客非殖民化》,尼古拉斯·L·巴哈姆三世和诺兰·希格登著
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/15274764221146187
Tiziano Bonini
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引用次数: 0
Where are the Women? Gendered Indian Digital Production Cultures Post #metoo 女人们在哪里?印度数字化生产文化后#metoo
IF 2 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/15274764221135798
Smith Mehta
My article examines the influence of platformization in labor exchanges to assess how gendered expectations impact digital production cultures. It investigates the socio-cultural transactions that marginalized communities, especially women, from above-the-line professions have to navigate as they seek work opportunities on streaming services. Drawing on feminist production studies and media studies scholarships, the article discusses how gendered expectations become the norm in hiring creator labor. Through analysis of the data-set on the gender representation of key creative professionals in the Indian web series produced between 2014 and 2020, semi-structured interviews with creative professionals, and trade press literature, this research offers a nuanced understanding of how and why Indian on-screen dynamic representations and democratic entrepreneurial working structures do not eradicate gendered production norms. On the contrary, gendered interpretation of algorithmic data, the #metoo movement, and newer forms of sexism emerge alongside existing gendered production cultures to hamper the participation of women and minorities.
我的文章考察了劳动力交流中平台化的影响,以评估性别期望如何影响数字生产文化。它调查了边缘化社区,尤其是来自一线职业的女性,在流媒体服务上寻找工作机会时必须进行的社会文化交易。本文借鉴女权主义生产研究和媒体研究奖学金,讨论了性别期望如何成为雇佣创造者劳动的常态。通过分析2014年至2020年间制作的印度网络系列中关键创意专业人员的性别代表性数据集、对创意专业人员进行的半结构化采访以及行业新闻文献,这项研究提供了一个细致入微的理解,即印度屏幕上的动态表现和民主的创业工作结构如何以及为什么不能消除性别化的生产规范。相反,对算法数据的性别解读、#metoo运动和新形式的性别歧视与现有的性别生产文化一起出现,阻碍了妇女和少数群体的参与。
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引用次数: 0
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Television & New Media
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