{"title":"Race, Removal, and the Right to Remain: Migration and the Making of the United States by Samantha Seeley (review)","authors":"Fay A. Yarbrough","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"677 - 680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46116681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glenda Goodman’s Cultivated by Hand investigates personal collections of hand-copied music compiled during the decades after the American Revolution. Goodman undertakes a journey of exploration through collections of music manuscripts copied by the daughters and a few sons of the merchant and professional classes in New England and New York. Her goal is to show how scholars can adduce historical meanings by studying materiality, temporality, implicit knowledge about the gamut and harmony, tastes in consumption, gender politics, and suggested community found inscribed on the pages. The audacity of her scholarship lies in locating musical meaning not in the creativity of the composers’ works contained in the manuscripts, nor even in the expressiveness of amateur performances at home or in social settings. Rather, as Goodman shows, the handwork of the copied music itself was what mattered the most to the copyist to whom it belonged, for that work crafted a personal mirror in which to discover her (or his) sensibility, cosmopolitanism, and allegiance to galant style. Goodman explictly departs from many of the traditional concerns of musicology of the United States, such as glossing the cultural functions of genres, appreciating the character of masterworks, or measuring the transatlantic tides of influence. Of work in the field, her scholarship most resembles Susan L. Porter’s With an Air Debonair: Musical Theatre in America 1785–1815, which explores how theatrical music and performance style traversed the Atlantic and instilled a taste for elegance, lightness, wit, and urbanity in postrevolutionary American audiences.1 Porter’s work proves useful because Goodman found many song and dance tunes in her archives that were by the English theatrical composers Porter examines, such as William Shield. Yet Goodman is not greatly concerned with measuring to what degree galant music—the jaunty, danceable, sentimental music of the pleasure gardens and stage—enabled her subjects to perform gentility or stylishness in public spaces. What Goodman finds powerful is how the time and effort of copying a galant piece made a personal claim to the music. Handwritten music, in this view, becomes a deposit of sensibility, or even personhood.2
{"title":"Cultivated by Hand: Amateur Musicians in the Early American Republic by Glenda Goodman (review)","authors":"David S. Shields","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Glenda Goodman’s Cultivated by Hand investigates personal collections of hand-copied music compiled during the decades after the American Revolution. Goodman undertakes a journey of exploration through collections of music manuscripts copied by the daughters and a few sons of the merchant and professional classes in New England and New York. Her goal is to show how scholars can adduce historical meanings by studying materiality, temporality, implicit knowledge about the gamut and harmony, tastes in consumption, gender politics, and suggested community found inscribed on the pages. The audacity of her scholarship lies in locating musical meaning not in the creativity of the composers’ works contained in the manuscripts, nor even in the expressiveness of amateur performances at home or in social settings. Rather, as Goodman shows, the handwork of the copied music itself was what mattered the most to the copyist to whom it belonged, for that work crafted a personal mirror in which to discover her (or his) sensibility, cosmopolitanism, and allegiance to galant style. Goodman explictly departs from many of the traditional concerns of musicology of the United States, such as glossing the cultural functions of genres, appreciating the character of masterworks, or measuring the transatlantic tides of influence. Of work in the field, her scholarship most resembles Susan L. Porter’s With an Air Debonair: Musical Theatre in America 1785–1815, which explores how theatrical music and performance style traversed the Atlantic and instilled a taste for elegance, lightness, wit, and urbanity in postrevolutionary American audiences.1 Porter’s work proves useful because Goodman found many song and dance tunes in her archives that were by the English theatrical composers Porter examines, such as William Shield. Yet Goodman is not greatly concerned with measuring to what degree galant music—the jaunty, danceable, sentimental music of the pleasure gardens and stage—enabled her subjects to perform gentility or stylishness in public spaces. What Goodman finds powerful is how the time and effort of copying a galant piece made a personal claim to the music. Handwritten music, in this view, becomes a deposit of sensibility, or even personhood.2","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"656 - 661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In 2011, the Beinecke Library at Yale University purchased the Thomas Thistlewood Papers through a private sale. The collection, which includes nearly ten thousand pages written by Thistlewood, an English overseer and enslaver who lived in Jamaica from 1750 to 1786, has become one of the most important archival sources for understanding slaveholding culture and enslaved life in the British Atlantic world. Yet sources such as the Thistlewood diaries raise important ethical questions. Drawing on Black feminist critiques of the archive, especially Saidiya Hartman’s call to “acknowledge . . . our inheritance” from Thistlewood, this article uses the Thistlewood papers as a case study to examine the relationship between archives, ethics, and value. In considering “inheritance,” scholars should recognize not only the intellectual and psychic inheritance of Thistlewood’s diaries but also their material inheritance, including market value. The collection’s intellectual and monetary value has increased over time—largely because of the efforts of Caribbean archivists and scholars. Recognizing how the labor of historians, archivists, and other scholars can increase the monetary value of archival sources and enrich collectors and institutions creates new opportunities for reparative work.
{"title":"Archival Violence, Archival Capital: Ethics, Inheritance, and Reparations in the Thistlewood Diaries","authors":"Katharine Gerbner","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 2011, the Beinecke Library at Yale University purchased the Thomas Thistlewood Papers through a private sale. The collection, which includes nearly ten thousand pages written by Thistlewood, an English overseer and enslaver who lived in Jamaica from 1750 to 1786, has become one of the most important archival sources for understanding slaveholding culture and enslaved life in the British Atlantic world. Yet sources such as the Thistlewood diaries raise important ethical questions. Drawing on Black feminist critiques of the archive, especially Saidiya Hartman’s call to “acknowledge . . . our inheritance” from Thistlewood, this article uses the Thistlewood papers as a case study to examine the relationship between archives, ethics, and value. In considering “inheritance,” scholars should recognize not only the intellectual and psychic inheritance of Thistlewood’s diaries but also their material inheritance, including market value. The collection’s intellectual and monetary value has increased over time—largely because of the efforts of Caribbean archivists and scholars. Recognizing how the labor of historians, archivists, and other scholars can increase the monetary value of archival sources and enrich collectors and institutions creates new opportunities for reparative work.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"595 - 624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convulsed States: Earthquakes, Prophecy, and the Remaking of Early America by Jonathan Todd Hancock (review)","authors":"Adam Jortner","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"662 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea C. Mosterman’s Spaces of Enslavement examines the experiences of enslaved people in Dutch New York using historical spatial analysis, offering an in-depth study of the often-overlooked spaces where enslaved people lived and labored. Her thorough examinations of the physical places occupied by bound people demonstrate the necessity of seriously considering space and the built environment in slavery studies. As she effectively shows, the use of private and public space was contested through the institution of slavery. She pays particular attention to how the relationships between enslavers and the enslaved were articulated and mitigated through the occupation of and movement in and out of space, especially family homes, churches, and public areas. Mosterman thus demonstrates how Dutch American enslavers attempted to use the built environment to control and surveil enslaved people and how enslaved people resisted the restrictions and limits placed on their movements and occupation of various spaces.
{"title":"Spaces of Enslavement: A History of Slavery and Resistance in Dutch New York by Andrea C. Mosterman (review)","authors":"Christy Clark-pujara","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Andrea C. Mosterman’s Spaces of Enslavement examines the experiences of enslaved people in Dutch New York using historical spatial analysis, offering an in-depth study of the often-overlooked spaces where enslaved people lived and labored. Her thorough examinations of the physical places occupied by bound people demonstrate the necessity of seriously considering space and the built environment in slavery studies. As she effectively shows, the use of private and public space was contested through the institution of slavery. She pays particular attention to how the relationships between enslavers and the enslaved were articulated and mitigated through the occupation of and movement in and out of space, especially family homes, churches, and public areas. Mosterman thus demonstrates how Dutch American enslavers attempted to use the built environment to control and surveil enslaved people and how enslaved people resisted the restrictions and limits placed on their movements and occupation of various spaces.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"477 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41379732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Washington at the Plow: The Founding Farmer and the Question of Slavery by Bruce A. Ragsdale (review)","authors":"J. M. Opal","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"481 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49643721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religion and the American Revolution: An Imperial History by Katherine Carté (review)","authors":"J. Byrd","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"462 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45419749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eliza Lucas Pinckney: An Independent Woman in the Age of Revolution by Lorri Glover (review)","authors":"A. Moniz","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"472 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44228341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the enormous conference between Indigenous and colonial leaders in Augusta, Georgia, in November 1763, a Cherokee leader from Chota staged a piece of political theater. Kittagusta, “the Prince of Chota,” stretched out before the assembled delegates “a string of beads with three knots.” He explained that the first knot was Chota, the leading town of the Overhill Cherokee. The last knot was Charleston, the main town of the Carolina colonists. The knot in between was Fort Prince George, the small British encampment that had served as a major trading depot through the 1750s and was the site of a treacherous colonial massacre of Cherokee hostages in 1760. Three years later, Kittagusta expressed hope that the talks between each town “shall always be kept straight.”1 Kittagusta’s theatrical flourish speaks to many of the themes of Colin G. Calloway’s “The Chiefs Now in This City”: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America. Firstly, the book shows how strongly Native Americans in the early modern era incorporated colonial centers into their own geographies. Secondly, it demonstrates that they understood those centers in relational and comparative ways to their own towns. Finally, Calloway emphasizes a history of nonviolent exchange and communication between Natives and European settlers in early North America that is often swamped by the more dramatic episodes of warfare and bloodshed. Kittagusta’s pointed inclusion of Fort Prince George’s darker role in the Cherokees’ past, as a site of massacre as well as of trade, also reminded his audience that he never forgot the deception and danger that colonists always posed—a theme to which Calloway’s book gestures perhaps less than Kittagusta would have liked. Though Calloway flags the “dispossession and racial violence” (194) of colonial American history, he focuses most of his attention on the way that Indians negotiated for peace, trade, and work, and on how they “adapted to new pressures” (3). This decision to emphasize the more peaceful forms of encounter between Natives and settlers is deliberate; noting the magnitude of work—including his own—that already exists on treaties and frontier violence, Calloway argues here for a deeper inquiry into
{"title":"\"The Chiefs Now in This City\": Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America by Colin G. Calloway (review)","authors":"Kate Fullagar","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0034","url":null,"abstract":"At the enormous conference between Indigenous and colonial leaders in Augusta, Georgia, in November 1763, a Cherokee leader from Chota staged a piece of political theater. Kittagusta, “the Prince of Chota,” stretched out before the assembled delegates “a string of beads with three knots.” He explained that the first knot was Chota, the leading town of the Overhill Cherokee. The last knot was Charleston, the main town of the Carolina colonists. The knot in between was Fort Prince George, the small British encampment that had served as a major trading depot through the 1750s and was the site of a treacherous colonial massacre of Cherokee hostages in 1760. Three years later, Kittagusta expressed hope that the talks between each town “shall always be kept straight.”1 Kittagusta’s theatrical flourish speaks to many of the themes of Colin G. Calloway’s “The Chiefs Now in This City”: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America. Firstly, the book shows how strongly Native Americans in the early modern era incorporated colonial centers into their own geographies. Secondly, it demonstrates that they understood those centers in relational and comparative ways to their own towns. Finally, Calloway emphasizes a history of nonviolent exchange and communication between Natives and European settlers in early North America that is often swamped by the more dramatic episodes of warfare and bloodshed. Kittagusta’s pointed inclusion of Fort Prince George’s darker role in the Cherokees’ past, as a site of massacre as well as of trade, also reminded his audience that he never forgot the deception and danger that colonists always posed—a theme to which Calloway’s book gestures perhaps less than Kittagusta would have liked. Though Calloway flags the “dispossession and racial violence” (194) of colonial American history, he focuses most of his attention on the way that Indians negotiated for peace, trade, and work, and on how they “adapted to new pressures” (3). This decision to emphasize the more peaceful forms of encounter between Natives and settlers is deliberate; noting the magnitude of work—including his own—that already exists on treaties and frontier violence, Calloway argues here for a deeper inquiry into","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"458 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Early modern English explorers and settlers in New England and elsewhere routinely mistook indigenous American dogs for wolves. This repeated misidentification arose in part from aspects of indigenous dog morphology, but it also served to denigrate Native American cultures by denying their possession of domesticated animals. Modern environmental historians have unconsciously reproduced these prejudices against indigenous dogs without critically assessing their accuracy or their function as part of the rhetoric of colonialism. Indigenous dogs have been presented as incompletely domesticated, "semiwild" creatures when in reality they were just as domesticated as their European cousins. Indigenous dogs were the most numerous nonhuman large predators in early New England, but their misidentification as wolves has caused them to be largely overlooked in the historical record. Their population plummeted over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the Native communities to which they belonged suffered from introduced disease and English aggression. English efforts both to protect livestock through a war on wolves and to control loose dogs increased pressure on dogs of indigenous heritage. In the end, the English cultural prejudice against wolfish-looking dogs that erased indigenous dogs from the historical record largely erased living indigenous dogs from the New England landscape.
{"title":"That's Not a Wolf: English Misconceptions and the Fate of New England's Indigenous Dogs","authors":"Strother E. Roberts","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Early modern English explorers and settlers in New England and elsewhere routinely mistook indigenous American dogs for wolves. This repeated misidentification arose in part from aspects of indigenous dog morphology, but it also served to denigrate Native American cultures by denying their possession of domesticated animals. Modern environmental historians have unconsciously reproduced these prejudices against indigenous dogs without critically assessing their accuracy or their function as part of the rhetoric of colonialism. Indigenous dogs have been presented as incompletely domesticated, \"semiwild\" creatures when in reality they were just as domesticated as their European cousins. Indigenous dogs were the most numerous nonhuman large predators in early New England, but their misidentification as wolves has caused them to be largely overlooked in the historical record. Their population plummeted over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the Native communities to which they belonged suffered from introduced disease and English aggression. English efforts both to protect livestock through a war on wolves and to control loose dogs increased pressure on dogs of indigenous heritage. In the end, the English cultural prejudice against wolfish-looking dogs that erased indigenous dogs from the historical record largely erased living indigenous dogs from the New England landscape.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":"79 1","pages":"357 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43758807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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