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Learning from expert or own practice: reflectively editing video cases for professional development 向专家或自己的实践学习:反思编辑视频案例,促进专业发展
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2146083
Raziye Sancar, Deniz Atal
ABSTRACT This research aimed to investigate how the video editing process professionally affected preservice teachers’ reflection levels and whether it differed by the type of in-class teaching experiences (their own and expert teacher experiences). The editing procedure of video cases means selecting and combining parts from an entire recorded in-class teaching experience and adding reflective thinking on actions. Seven participants took part in the research process during a semester, with three-cycle of the video case editing procedures being applied separately to two different research groups. Both inductive and deductive content analysis procedures were applied in a total of 21 video cases edited by PTs. By editing in-class teaching experiences, PTs could deeply analyse the events and transform their reflections on the contextual features. The process facilitated PTs’ professional development by identifying, noticing, and reflecting on in-class teaching experiences. PTs learned to analyse their experiences by using different types of perspectives. PTs could deeply analyse the events and transform their reflections on the contextual features. Contrary to the difficulties for PTs’ reflection-in-action, the process of editing in-class teaching experiences expanded their reflection-on-action opportunities.
摘要本研究旨在探讨视频编辑过程对职前教师反思水平的专业影响,以及这种影响是否因课堂教学经验(教师自身和专家教师经验)的类型而异。视频案例的编辑过程就是从整个课堂教学经历中选取和组合部分,并加入对动作的反思。七名参与者在一个学期内参与了研究过程,三个周期的视频案例编辑程序分别应用于两个不同的研究小组。对PTs编辑的21个视频案例采用归纳和演绎两种内容分析方法。通过对课堂教学经验的编辑,教师可以对事件进行深入分析,转化对情境特征的思考。这个过程通过识别、注意和反思课堂教学经验,促进了PTs的专业发展。学生们学会了用不同的视角来分析他们的经历。PTs可以对事件进行深入分析,转化对语境特征的思考。与教师行动反思的困难相反,课堂教学经验的编辑过程扩大了教师行动反思的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-service teachers’ reflections on content knowledge through microteaching 职前教师通过微格教学对内容知识的思考
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-11-13 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2146082
Kelly R. Maguire
ABSTRACT Teacher preparation is an integral factor in education. Pre-service teachers do not have the same experience or content knowledge (CK) level as veteran teachers. Pre-service teachers must have opportunities to bolster their CK during teacher training. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how pre-service teachers described content knowledge using reflection-on-action after the planning, teaching, and feedback stages of microteaching. This study was theoretically supported by Schön’s reflective practitioner model and guided by one research question. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 pre-service teachers who participated in microteaching sessions. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Four themes emerged from the data through thematic analysis: Pre-service teachers (1) rely on prior knowledge, (2) benefit from collaboration, (3) compensate when faced with unfamiliar content, (4) and feel microteaching validates content knowledge. Findings suggest that pre-service teachers benefit from engaging in reflection-on-action as a tool to facilitate the growth and development of content knowledge specific to their degree program and future teacher employment. This study recommends using reflection and microteaching with pre-service teachers in teacher training and future research.
教师准备是教育中不可或缺的因素。职前教师的经验或内容知识水平不如资深教师。职前教师必须有机会在教师培训期间加强他们的CK。这项定性描述性研究的目的是探索职前教师在微格教学的计划、教学和反馈阶段后,如何通过对行动的反思来描述内容知识。这项研究在理论上得到了施的反思性实践者模型的支持,并以一个研究问题为指导。采用目的性抽样方法,招募了11名参加微格教学的职前教师。数据是通过半结构化访谈收集的。通过主题分析,数据中出现了四个主题:职前教师(1)依赖先验知识,(2)从合作中受益,(3)面对陌生内容时给予补偿,(4)感觉微格教学验证了内容知识。研究结果表明,职前教师从反思行动中受益,这是一种促进其学位课程和未来教师就业相关内容知识增长和发展的工具。本研究建议在教师培训和未来研究中,对职前教师进行反思和微格教学。
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引用次数: 1
Linking the theory and practice: self-reflections on technology-integrated English grammar teaching 理论与实践相结合:科技英语语法教学的反思
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2146080
Ma’rifatul Ilmi, N. Drajati, Kristian Adi Putra
ABSTRACT This narrative study aimed at exploring how one pre-service English teacher linked theories into practice through reflective practice. To record the teacher’s reflection, we gathered the teacher’s video-based reflective diaries. The data were thematically analysed using Farrell’s framework for foreign language teachers’ self-reflection: theories and practice. The results revealed two significant points from the teacher’s reflection: (1) the pre-service teacher had a conscious raise on the affordance of theories-in-use (i.e. experience-based knowledge); and (2) the pre-service teacher realized that technology is a tool and a teacher has a crucial role in teaching to achieve the learning goals. It implied that reflective practice stimulated teachers to make sense of their experiences, leading them to the development of their teaching knowledge and performance. The implications of the present study are discussed.
摘要本研究旨在探讨一位职前英语教师如何通过反思性实践将理论与实践联系起来。为了记录老师的反思,我们收集了老师基于视频的反思日记。利用Farrell的外语教师自我反思框架:理论与实践,对数据进行了主题分析。结果表明,教师反思有两个重要方面:(1)职前教师有意识地提高了理论在使用中的可供性(即基于经验的知识);(2)职前教师意识到技术是一种工具,教师在实现学习目标的教学中发挥着至关重要的作用。这意味着反思性实践激励教师理解自己的经验,引导他们发展自己的教学知识和表现。讨论了本研究的意义。
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引用次数: 1
Perceptions of self-assessment literacy and self-directed reflection during online learning for Iranian EFL student teachers 伊朗英语教师在线学习中自我评估素养的感知和自我导向反思
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2096584
Mohammad Hossein Arefian
ABSTRACT During the Covid-19 pandemic, student teachers had to master, reflect, and evaluate individually due to the remote online learning process. Self-assessment literacy and self-directed reflection have turned into tools for autonomous learning during unmonitored online learning processes. An investigation of student teachers’ self-assessment literacy and self-directed reflective practices can shed light on their significant applications during unmonitored online learning experiences. This qualitative study investigated 15 Iranian English language student teachers with a semi-structured interview and theme-based analysis to gain in-depth information about their processes and experiences. The results showed that student teachers gained benefits such as preparing before the class, setting aims and objectives, checking, reflecting, modifying on previous learning, acquiring specific knowledge and skills, filling the gap, having self-reflection individually, planning and adapting their actions and performance to reach an ideal self, controlling emotional factors, enhancing own confidence by self-motivational remarks, and creating unrestricted learning opportunities.
摘要在新冠肺炎大流行期间,由于远程在线学习过程,学生教师必须单独掌握、反思和评估。在不受监控的在线学习过程中,自我评估素养和自我导向反思已成为自主学习的工具。对师生自我评估素养和自我指导反思实践的调查可以揭示它们在无监控的在线学习体验中的重要应用。这项定性研究通过半结构化访谈和基于主题的分析,对15名伊朗英语教师进行了调查,以获得有关他们的过程和经历的深入信息。结果表明,学生教师获得了如下益处:课前准备、设定目标和目的、检查、反思、修改先前的学习、获得特定的知识和技能、填补空白、单独进行自我反思、计划和调整自己的行动和表现以达到理想的自我、控制情绪因素、,通过自我激励的言论增强自己的信心,并创造不受限制的学习机会。
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引用次数: 3
Student teachers’ experiences of practical training in a foreign culture 外国文化中的实习教师体验
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2139233
Teija Koskela, Päivi Granö, Brita Somerkoski
ABSTRACT Teacher education is usually located in a national context. In this study, the focus is on teacher education located in a foreign studying environment. Student teachers from the southern part of Africa started their teacher education in Finland. The context is their first practicum in Finnish teacher training school. The data consist of one portfolio task of 18 student teachers concerning teaching experiences in a practicum. The content of reflective tasks were analysed based on three dimensions: sensitising, contextual and technical reflection. In addition, the transformation of the teachers’ understanding of teaching work was analysed. Despite cultural and linguistic differences, it is possible to find meaningful sensitising, contextual and technical content in reflective tasks. Teachers’ understanding of teaching work transformed during their first experience abroad.
摘要教师教育通常处于国家背景下。在这项研究中,重点是位于外国学习环境中的教师教育。来自非洲南部的学生教师在芬兰开始了他们的教师教育。这是他们在芬兰师范学校的第一次实习。这些数据包括一项由18名实习教师组成的关于实习教学经验的组合任务。反思任务的内容从三个维度进行分析:敏感性、情境反思和技术反思。此外,还分析了教师对教学工作认识的转变。尽管存在文化和语言差异,但在反思任务中还是有可能找到有意义的敏感、上下文和技术内容。教师对教学工作的理解在他们第一次出国经历期间发生了转变。
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引用次数: 0
‘Reflections facilitate emotions and emotions filter reflections’: beginning teachers’ perceptions of affective reflective practices “反思促进情绪,情绪过滤反思”:初任教师对情感反思实践的认知
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2136647
Mohammad Hossein Arefian
ABSTRACT Besides numerous positive feelings experienced during first practices, beginning teachers sometimes face challenges, experiences, and situations that produce negative emotions that can lead to attrition and burnout. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate how beginning teachers’ affective reflective practices can be a great tool for monitoring emotional flows and taking action to solve them, and making emotional actions more logical and systematic. This study explored 17 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) beginning teachers’ perceptions of emotional-reflective practices. Through a qualitative research design, the result from interviews and thematic analysis revealed that beginning teachers could use reflections to facilitate emotions, be autonomous in controlling their emotional flows, become rational decision-makers, monitor their practices impartially, have self-understanding and self-awareness, and encourage themselves continuously. Also, emotions can influence and act as a filter for reflections, so teachers can control their emotions to have a valid and reliable reflection; in this case, they can make reflections more systematic. This study opens a new approach to reflections for beginning teachers and makes teacher educators and stakeholders aware of its benefits.
除了在第一次实践中体验到的许多积极感受外,初级教师有时还会面临产生负面情绪的挑战、经历和情况,这些负面情绪会导致损耗和倦怠。因此,本研究的目的是探讨初任教师的情感反思练习如何成为监测情绪流动并采取行动解决情绪流动的重要工具,并使情绪行动更具逻辑性和系统性。本研究探讨了17名伊朗英语作为外语(EFL)初任教师对情绪反思练习的看法。通过质性研究设计,访谈和专题分析的结果显示,初任教师能够利用反思来促进情绪,能够自主控制自己的情绪流动,成为理性的决策者,公正地监督自己的实践,有自我理解和自我意识,并不断鼓励自己。此外,情绪可以影响和过滤反思,教师可以控制自己的情绪,进行有效可靠的反思;在这种情况下,他们可以使反思更加系统化。本研究为初任教师的反思开辟了一条新的途径,并使教师教育者和利益相关者意识到它的好处。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of a model for multidisciplinary peer observation of teaching in teacher professional development and in nurturing a reflective school 多学科同行观察教学模式对教师专业发展和培养反思型学校的影响
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2130225
A. Mouraz, Daniela Pinto, Ana Cristina Torres
ABSTRACT Peer observation of teaching has for long been defended as a valuable device of professional and institutional development in higher education, but is almost unexplored at primary- and secondary-level schools. This paper introduces a model for multidisciplinary peer observation of teaching that has been developed and implemented in a professional development programme in two Portuguese school clusters of basic and secondary education in collaboration with its teachers. After four years of developing the programme in these school clusters, a case study was conducted through a qualitative analysis of observation guides completed throughout the years (N = 563) to identify perceived effects of participating in the programme for both teacher professional development and reflective practices. The programme emerged as a powerful initiative to foster teacher collaboration, innovation, and reflection for improving practices. Implications related to current national curriculum and educational policies are discussed.
长期以来,同伴教学观察一直被认为是高等教育专业和制度发展的一种宝贵手段,但在中小学几乎没有被探索。本文介绍了一种多学科同行教学观察模式,该模式已在葡萄牙基础教育和中等教育两个学校集群的专业发展计划中与教师合作开发和实施。在这些学校集群中制定该计划四年后,通过对多年来完成的观察指南(N=563)进行定性分析,进行了一项案例研究,以确定参与该计划对教师专业发展和反思实践的感知影响。该计划是一项强有力的举措,旨在促进教师合作、创新和反思,以改进实践。讨论了与当前国家课程和教育政策相关的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Teacher reflection – call for a transformative mindset 教师反思——呼吁转变心态
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2130224
L. Tay, L. Tan, Thaslim Begum Aiyoob, J. Tan, M. Ong, Christina Ratnam-Lim, Puay Huat Chua
ABSTRACT The main objective of this paper is to examine how teacher reflection could result in possible change in practice. The essential value of teacher reflection is to think about improvements to be made for practice. This paper adapted Ward and McCotter’s reflection rubric into a Teacher Reflection survey scale to explore and examine the varying years of teaching experience, teaching level and designation on teachers’ teaching practices. A total of 436 primary and secondary school mathematics teachers took part in an online survey. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the survey instruments. Findings suggest that there were no major differences in teacher reflection based on their years of teaching experience, designation, and teaching levels. Correlational, regression, and path analyses of the three dimensions of teacher reflection (i.e. Focus, Inquiry, and Change) and teacher Change Practise revealed interesting associations among these variables. Findings indicate that the Focus dimension is the basis of teacher reflection and from there it extends to the Inquiry and Change dimensions and ultimately to Change Practise. This study suggests that the focus on a transformative mindset based on intentional reflection is a powerful stimulus for change and growth in teaching practice.
本文的主要目的是研究教师反思如何导致实践中可能发生的变化。教师反思的本质价值在于思考实践中需要改进的地方。本文将Ward和McCotter的反思量表改编为教师反思量表,以探索和检验不同年份的教学经验、教学水平和对教师教学实践的指定。共有436名中小学数学教师参加了一项在线调查。对调查工具进行了验证性因素分析。研究结果表明,根据教师的教学经验、职称和教学水平,教师的反思没有重大差异。对教师反思(即专注、探究和改变)和教师改变实践三个维度的相关、回归和路径分析揭示了这些变量之间有趣的关联。研究结果表明,关注维度是教师反思的基础,并由此延伸到探究和改变维度,最终延伸到改变实践。这项研究表明,基于有意反思的变革心态是教学实践中变革和成长的有力刺激。
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引用次数: 0
From doctor to facilitator: reflecting on the metaphors of early career EFL teachers 从医生到辅导员:对早期英语教师隐喻的反思
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-24 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2128100
T. Farrell
ABSTRACT When language teachers enter a classroom to teach in their early career years, they hold many different beliefs and feelings about how to conduct their classes that for the main part remain at the tacit level of understanding. However, it is important for early career language teachers to become aware of these beliefs and feelings so that they can critically reflect on their significance during this challenging period. Metaphors can offer early career teachers a rich means of identifying their experiences and beliefs that underpin their understanding of teaching and learning a second or foreign language. This qualitative study sought to contribute to the discussion of the experiences of four early career English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers through their use of metaphors to describe their personal understanding of their beliefs and feeling. Specifically, the case study examined the metaphors used by one teacher in her 2nd year, another in his 3rd year an additional teacher in his 4th year, and one in his 5th year of teaching. Results indicate that teachers in their 2nd and 3rd years chose personal metaphors that ‘diagnose’ deficits and thus must be in control, while in their 4th and 5th years the teachers wanted to motivate and facilitate the learning process rather than control it.
摘要:当语言教师在职业生涯的早期进入课堂教学时,他们对如何进行课堂教学持有许多不同的信念和感受,而这些信念和感受在很大程度上仍处于默契水平。然而,对于职业生涯早期的语言教师来说,重要的是要意识到这些信念和感受,以便他们能够在这一充满挑战的时期批判性地反思自己的意义。隐喻可以为早期职业教师提供一种丰富的方式来识别他们的经验和信念,这些经验和信念是他们理解第二语言或外语的基础。这项定性研究试图通过使用隐喻来描述他们对自己的信仰和感受的个人理解,来帮助讨论四位早期职业英语教师的经历。具体来说,案例研究考察了一位老师在二年级、另一位老师三年级、一位老师四年级和一位老师五年级使用的隐喻。结果表明,在2年级和3年级的教师选择了“诊断”缺陷的个人隐喻,因此必须加以控制,而在4年级和5年级的教师则希望激励和促进学习过程,而不是控制它。
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引用次数: 1
Unpacking a huge messy box: using complexity theory to envision how a novice TESOL teacher emerged from university into the classroom 打开一个巨大的混乱盒子:用复杂性理论来想象一个初出茅庐的TESOL老师是如何从大学进入课堂的
IF 1.2 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/14623943.2022.2122033
Ghazalossadat Fatemi, Matthew Atencio, E. Saito
ABSTRACT The nature of support for novice teachers, especially those coming from non-Anglophone countries, will impact upon teacher retention and student learning outcomes. Lack of support can generally lead to novice teachers leaving the field specifically because of their inability to perform their roles satisfactorily. There is a significant lacuna in the literature, however, about how novice teachers in adult education work in institutions where they face difficulties and seek to overcome these challenges. Therefore, this study aims to provide an account of the professional development a novice adult education teacher, Author1, based on a self-study conceptually framed by complexity theory. It is revealed that Author1 adapted to her systemic conditions by enacting practices such as obtaining opinions and insights from colleagues outside her institution and also developing new pedagogical strategies. To conclude, we suggest that there is need for institutional support for novice teachers to engage in meaningful professional development experiences in order to enhance their skills and better facilitate student learning.
摘要对新手教师,特别是来自非英语国家的新手教师的支持性质,将影响教师的留任和学生的学习成果。缺乏支持通常会导致新手教师离开该领域,特别是因为他们无法令人满意地履行职责。然而,关于成人教育中的新手教师如何在面临困难并寻求克服这些挑战的机构中工作,文献中存在很大的空白。因此,本研究旨在以复杂性理论为概念框架,在自学的基础上,对成人教育新手教师Author1的专业发展进行描述。据透露,Author1通过制定实践来适应她的系统条件,例如从机构外的同事那里获得意见和见解,并制定新的教学策略。总之,我们建议有必要为新手教师提供机构支持,让他们参与有意义的专业发展经历,以提高他们的技能,更好地促进学生学习。
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引用次数: 0
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Reflective Practice
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