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Pheromone chemistry of the Neotropical cerambycid beetles Achryson surinamum and Sphaerion inerme 新热带陶瓷甲虫 Achryson surinamum 和 Sphaerion inerme 的信息素化学性质
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-024-00401-w
Weliton D. Silva, Yunfan Zou, Lawrence M. Hanks, José Mauricio S. Bento, Jocelyn G. Millar

During field screening trials in Brazil, adults of both sexes of the cerambycid beetle Achryson surinamum (L.) (Cerambycinae: Achrysonini) were significantly attracted to racemic anti-2,3-octanediol, previously identified as a sex and aggregation-sex pheromone of various cerambycid species across different continents. Analyses of beetle-produced volatiles revealed that males of A. surinamum sex-specifically produce (2S,3R)-2,3-octanediol, as well as lesser amounts of (S)-2-methylbutan-1-ol. In field trials, both sexes of beetles were attracted by reconstructions of the species’ pheromone blend with synthesized components, confirming males produce an aggregation-sex pheromone. During the trials, the cerambycine Sphaerion inerme White (Elaphidiini) was attracted to some of the test lures, providing leads to its attractant pheromone. Subsequent analysis of extracts of headspace volatiles from live adults of S. inerme revealed that males produce a blend of (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol and (R)-2-methylpentan-1-ol. In field tests, blends of racemic 2-methylbutan-1-ol+2-methylpentan-1-ol attracted significant numbers of beetles of both sexes. This study provides further examples of how identification of attractant pheromones of cerambycid species can be expedited by leveraging prior knowledge of the pheromone chemistry of related species.

在巴西进行的田间筛选试验中,陶瓷金龟子 Achryson surinamum (L.) (Cerambycinae: Achrysonini) 的雌雄成虫都被外消旋反-2,3-辛二醇显著吸引。对甲虫产生的挥发性物质进行的分析表明,A. surinamum 的雄性专门产生 (2S,3R)-2,3-辛二醇以及较少量的 (S)-2-methylbutan-1-ol 。在田间试验中,甲虫的雌雄两性都能被含有合成成分的物种信息素混合体所吸引,证实雄性能产生聚集性信息素。在试验过程中,一些试验引诱剂吸引了啮齿目甲虫 Sphaerion inerme White(Elaphidiini),为其引诱信息素提供了线索。随后对 S. inerme 活体成虫顶空挥发物提取物的分析表明,雄性成虫会产生 (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol 和 (R)-2-methylpentan-1-ol 的混合物。在田间试验中,外消旋 2-甲基丁-1-醇+2-甲基戊-1-醇的混合物吸引了大量雌雄甲虫。这项研究提供了更多实例,说明如何利用相关物种信息素化学方面的已有知识来加快鉴定陶瓷甲虫物种的引诱剂信息素。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial remediation technology for heavy metal contamination of mine soil 矿山土壤重金属污染的微生物修复技术
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-024-00399-1
Shuangquan Li, Xiao Yan, Mingjiang Zhang, Qi Sun, Xuezhe Zhu

The problem of persistent and potentially toxic heavy metal-contaminated soils is widespread worldwide. These heavy metal concentrations have continued to accumulate in soils over the past three decades, posing a threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, the problem of heavy metal soil contamination needs to be addressed urgently. In this paper, we describe the sources of heavy metal pollution and their hazardous properties, emphasizing the urgent need for treatment. Traditional remediation techniques for heavy metal contamination include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages and can be combined to remove (transform) or reduce heavy metals in contaminated soils to safe levels. The article provides a comparative analysis of traditional remediation techniques for heavy metal contamination, focusing on a review of the current status of research and application of microbial remediation methods in heavy metal contamination of mine soils. The paper also discusses the combined microbial and chemical/plant remediation techniques. In conclusion, the remediation and treatment of heavy metal-contaminated soils should consider both the economy and effectiveness of the remediation technology. Microbial remediation is a typical remediation technology that will become the main development trend due to its effectiveness and low cost.

受重金属污染的土壤具有持久性和潜在毒性,这一问题在全球范围内普遍存在。过去三十年来,这些重金属浓度在土壤中不断累积,对环境和人类健康构成威胁。因此,土壤重金属污染问题亟待解决。本文介绍了重金属污染的来源及其危害特性,强调了治理的迫切性。重金属污染的传统修复技术包括物理、化学和生物方法。每种方法都有其优缺点,可以结合使用,将受污染土壤中的重金属去除(转化)或降低到安全水平。文章对重金属污染的传统修复技术进行了比较分析,重点回顾了微生物修复方法在矿山土壤重金属污染中的研究和应用现状。本文还讨论了微生物和化学/植物联合修复技术。总之,重金属污染土壤的修复和处理应同时考虑修复技术的经济性和有效性。微生物修复技术是一种典型的修复技术,由于其效果好、成本低,将成为主要的发展趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Alkaloid chemistry in pill-millipedes: Defensive secretion in two species of Typhloglomeris Verhoeff, 1898 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridellidae) 药片蠕虫的生物碱化学:Typhloglomeris Verhoeff, 1898(倍足纲,蜚蠊目,蜚蠊科)两个物种的防御性分泌物
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-024-00400-x
Michaela Bodner, Dragan Antić, Zvezdana Jovanović, Günther Raspotnig, Bojan Ilić, Luka Lučić, Slobodan Makarov

Millipedes of the order Glomerida are known to produce quinazolinone alkaloids as defensive substances. However, chemical data are rather scarce and all hitherto available publications refer to a single glomeridan family, the Glomeridae. To contribute to the knowledge of the chemical ecology of glomeridans, we collected species, Typhloglomeris coeca Verhoeff, 1898 and T. varunae Makarov, Lučić, Tomić & Karaman, 2003, from a second family – Glomeridellidae. The defensive exudates were extracted in methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results show that the secretions of the two glomeridellids contain the quinazolinone alkaloid homoglomerin (2-ethyl-1-methylquinazolin-4(1H)-one) as the sole defensive constituent. This report provides initial data on the chemoprofiles of members of the family Glomeridellidae and supports the phenomenon of chemical homogeneity of glomeridan defensive secretions. So far, all analyzed representatives of the order possess glomerin and/or homoglomerin as defensive equipment. The phylogenetic origin of alkaloidal compounds in the secretions of millipedes in general, and particularly the origin of quinazolinone alkaloids in Glomerida is discussed. Considering that the quinazolinone alkaloid defensive secretions may be the same (or very similar) in other Glomerida, our results have important implication for further studies of defensive secretions in these arthropods. Also, as data are available only for a limited number of glomeridan and colobognathan species, additional analyses are necessary to elucidate the evolution of alkaloid defensive secretion in Diplopoda.

已知蜚蠊目千足虫会产生喹唑啉酮生物碱作为防御物质。然而,化学数据却相当稀少,迄今为止所有的出版物都只涉及到一个睑裂目家族--睑裂蜓科(Glomeridae)。为了帮助人们了解团扇藻的化学生态学,我们收集了团扇藻科(Glomeridellidae)的另一个物种:Typhloglomeris coeca Verhoeff, 1898 和 T. varunae Makarov, Lučić, Tomić & Karaman, 2003。用二氯甲烷提取防御性渗出物,并用气相色谱-质谱法进行分析。结果表明,这两种团扇藻的分泌物中含有喹唑啉酮生物碱 homoglomerin(2-乙基-1-甲基喹唑啉-4(1H)-酮),是唯一的防御性成分。本报告提供了有关团扇藻科成员化学成分的初步数据,并支持团扇藻防御性分泌物化学成分均一的现象。迄今为止,所有分析过的该目代表物种都拥有肾小球蛋白和/或同源肾小球蛋白作为防御装备。本文讨论了千足类分泌物中生物碱化合物的系统发育起源,特别是喹唑啉酮生物碱在蜚蠊目中的起源。考虑到喹唑啉酮类生物碱的防御性分泌物可能与其他蜚蠊类相同(或非常相似),我们的研究结果对进一步研究这些节肢动物的防御性分泌物具有重要意义。此外,由于目前仅能获得有限数量的团扇目和柱尾目物种的数据,因此有必要进行更多的分析,以阐明双足纲生物碱类防御性分泌物的进化过程。
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引用次数: 0
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) to host plant volatiles Lygus hesperus Knight(半翅目: Miridae)对寄主植物挥发性物质的电生理和行为反应
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-024-00398-2
Matthew C. Hetherington, Johanne Brunet, Diego Nieto, Ricardo A. Ramirez, Erik J. Wenninger, Christelle Guédot

Lygus hesperus Knight is a polyphagous pest of major concern to numerous cropping systems across western North America. Lygus hesperus exhibits well-documented host preferences which may be used to develop behavioral management strategies for this pest. This study sought to identify plant volatiles that mediate L. hesperus host preferences and assess the potential of those compounds to improve monitoring and management of this pest. Gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection was applied to identify antennally active compounds in headspace extracts from four host plants of varying attractiveness. Y-tube olfactometer assays were then conducted to determine L. hesperus responses to each of these 17 antennally active compounds individually. Six compounds attracted female L. hesperus, and subsequent tests revealed that females were attracted to an equal-parts blend of these six attractive compounds versus clean air, and that this blend was as attractive as flowering Medicago sativa. We then examined L. hesperus attraction to attractive compounds individually and an equal-parts blend of five attractive compounds in the field. An equal-parts blend of five attractive compounds was tested in strawberry, whereas the blend and each individual component were tested in alfalfa. In both field settings, neither the individual compounds nor the blend increased L. hesperus capture rates compared to unbaited control traps. Low attraction in the field could result from a masking effect of background volatiles or the failure to include important compounds in tested blends. It remains important to assess whether the compounds tested in this study may facilitate L. hesperus management in other cropping systems.

Lygus hesperus Knight 是一种多食性害虫,主要危害北美西部的许多作物系统。Lygus hesperus 的寄主偏好有据可查,可用于制定该害虫的行为管理策略。本研究旨在确定介导 L. hesperus 寄主偏好的植物挥发性物质,并评估这些化合物在改善对该害虫的监测和管理方面的潜力。该研究采用气相色谱法和电触觉检测法来鉴定四种不同吸引力的寄主植物顶空萃取物中的触角活性化合物。然后进行了 Y 型管嗅觉测定,以确定 L. hesperus 对这 17 种触角活性化合物的反应。有六种化合物能吸引雌性赫氏栉水母,随后的测试表明,雌性赫氏栉水母会被这六种具有吸引力的化合物的等量混合液和清洁空气所吸引,而且这种混合液的吸引力与开花的麦冬草相当。随后,我们在野外研究了赫氏啮齿目动物对单独的诱人化合物以及五种诱人化合物等量混合的吸引力。我们在草莓中测试了五种诱人化合物的等比例混合物,并在紫花苜蓿中测试了混合物和每个单独成分。在这两种田间环境中,与未添加诱饵的对照诱捕器相比,单个化合物或混合物都没有提高L. hesperus的捕获率。田间诱捕率低可能是由于背景挥发物的掩蔽效应或测试混合物中未包含重要化合物。评估本研究中测试的化合物是否有助于在其他耕作系统中管理 L. hesperus 仍然非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative study of three local mistletoes: insights from photosynthetic, ionomic, and metabolomic attributes 三种当地槲寄生的比较研究:光合作用、离子组学和代谢组学属性的启示
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-024-00397-3
Zouhaier Barhoumi

Mistletoes are adapted to parasitize aerial parts of their hosts, and they have a great morphological variation and wide global distribution. Their effects on hosts were more or less investigated; however, no comparative interspecific study had been reported. This study aimed to compare three locale mistletoes Phragmanthera austroarabica, Viscum schimperi, and Plicosepalus acacia based on photosynthetic activity, major-trace- and ultra-trace elements’ distribution and metabolome profiling. P. acacia exhibited the highest net photosynthetic assimilation rate (3.3-folds), water use efficiency (5.5-folds), and accumulated major elements (44Ca, 24Mg, and 23Na). Equally, the untargeted metabolomic method showed a substantial difference in metabolome profiling, with P. acacia being the lesser accumulative of major metabolites than P. austroarabica and V. schimperi. Based on the few identified common metabolite analysis, P. acacia had the ability to avoid the accumulation of the pollutant mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate which, P. austroarabica and V. schimperi, cannot do. Equally, P. acacia had more defence metabolites against stressors than the other mistletoes. Accordingly, P. acacia displayed higher potentialities to be more vigor and more adapted to the parasitism’s life than P. austroarabica and V. schimperi.

槲寄生适于寄生在寄主的气生部位,形态变化很大,在全球分布广泛。人们或多或少地研究了它们对宿主的影响,但还没有关于种间比较研究的报道。本研究旨在根据光合作用活性、主要痕量元素和超痕量元素的分布以及代谢组图谱,对 Phragmanthera austroarabica、Viscum schimperi 和 Plicosepalus acacia 三种地方槲寄生进行比较。刺槐的净光合同化率(3.3 倍)、水分利用效率(5.5 倍)和主要元素(44Ca、24Mg 和 23Na)累积量最高。同样,非靶向代谢组方法也显示出代谢组图谱的巨大差异,相思树的主要代谢物累积量低于奥斯特罗拉比卡相思树(P. austroarabica)和金叶女贞(V. schimperi)。根据已确定的几种常见代谢物分析,金合欢有能力避免污染物邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯的积累,而金合欢和五味子则做不到这一点。同样,相思树比其他槲寄生有更多的防御代谢物。因此,与 P. austroarabica 和 V. schimperi 相比,刺槐具有更强的生命力和更适应寄生生活的潜力。
{"title":"Comparative study of three local mistletoes: insights from photosynthetic, ionomic, and metabolomic attributes","authors":"Zouhaier Barhoumi","doi":"10.1007/s00049-024-00397-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-024-00397-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mistletoes are adapted to parasitize aerial parts of their hosts, and they have a great morphological variation and wide global distribution. Their effects on hosts were more or less investigated; however, no comparative interspecific study had been reported. This study aimed to compare three locale mistletoes <i>Phragmanthera austroarabica</i>, <i>Viscum schimperi</i>, and <i>Plicosepalus acacia</i> based on photosynthetic activity, major-trace- and ultra-trace elements’ distribution and metabolome profiling. <i>P. acacia</i> exhibited the highest net photosynthetic assimilation rate (3.3-folds), water use efficiency (5.5-folds), and accumulated major elements (<sup>44</sup>Ca, <sup>24</sup>Mg, and <sup>23</sup>Na). Equally, the untargeted metabolomic method showed a substantial difference in metabolome profiling, with <i>P. acacia</i> being the lesser accumulative of major metabolites than <i>P. austroarabica</i> and <i>V. schimperi</i>. Based on the few identified common metabolite analysis, <i>P. acacia</i> had the ability to avoid the accumulation of the pollutant mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate which, <i>P. austroarabica</i> and <i>V. schimperi</i>, cannot do. Equally, <i>P. acacia</i> had more defence metabolites against stressors than the other mistletoes. Accordingly, <i>P. acacia</i> displayed higher potentialities to be more vigor and more adapted to the parasitism’s life than <i>P. austroarabica</i> and <i>V. schimperi.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"34 1","pages":"13 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139948018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Even- and odd-numbered fatty acids used as worker arrestant aggregation pheromone components in the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus 福摩沙地下白蚁中用作工蚁捕食聚集信息素成分的偶数和奇数脂肪酸
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-023-00396-w
Yuki Mitaka, Kenji Matsuura, Toshiharu Akino

Pheromones play a pivotal role in coordinating collective activities. Recent research has demonstrated that workers of the Japanese subterranean termite, Reticulitermes speratus, secrete an aggregation pheromone that induces quick assemble and prolonged stay at the pheromone source for nestmate workers, facilitating efficient dead-wood digestion and colony expansion. The question remains: do other termite species also utilize aggregation pheromones? In this study, we report that workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, use a mixture of fatty acids as part of the pheromone components to maintain worker aggregation for extended periods of time. Through bioassays and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, we determined that a mixture of four fatty acids including palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, (Z)-10-heptadecenoic acid, and stearic acid possesses arrestant activity but little or no attractant activity. Also, the inclusion of cholesterol and cuticular hydrocarbons reinforces only its arrestant activity. Further, GC–MS analysis of extracts of wood and soil, which serve as termite food, indicated that the pheromone components other than palmitic acid are not derived from their food, and GC analysis of extracts from different parts of the worker’s body revealed that these components were most likely produced in the midgut and excreted to the outside of the body via the hindgut. These findings suggest that the aggregation pheromone components and their functions in C. formosanus are largely different from those in R. speratus. This research provides insights into the differences among termite species in the development of chemical signals triggering aggregation behavior.

信息素在协调集体活动方面发挥着关键作用。最近的研究表明,日本地下白蚁 Reticulitermes speratus 的工蚁会分泌一种聚集信息素,诱导巢友工蚁快速集结并长时间停留在信息素源处,从而促进枯木的有效消化和蚁群的扩张。问题是:其他白蚁物种是否也利用聚集信息素?在这项研究中,我们报告了福尔摩斯地下白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)的工蚁使用脂肪酸混合物作为信息素成分的一部分,以维持工蚁长时间聚集。通过生物测定和气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析,我们确定四种脂肪酸(包括棕榈油酸、棕榈酸、(Z)-10-十七碳烯酸和硬脂酸)的混合物具有抑制剂活性,但几乎没有吸引剂活性。此外,胆固醇和角质层碳氢化合物的加入也只加强了其捕捉活性。此外,对作为白蚁食物的木材和土壤的提取物进行的气相色谱-质谱分析表明,除棕榈酸以外的信息素成分并不是从食物中提取的,而对工蚁身体不同部位的提取物进行的气相色谱分析表明,这些成分很可能是在中肠产生的,并通过后肠排泄到体外。这些发现表明,C. formosanus的聚集信息素成分及其功能在很大程度上不同于R. speratus。这项研究有助于深入了解白蚁物种在发展引发聚集行为的化学信号方面的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Sexual behavior and chemical signaling in Opsiphanes cassina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Opsiphanes cassina(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科)的性行为和化学信号传递
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-023-00393-z
Jenifer J. Bustos-Cortés, Rosa C. Aldana-De la Torre, Anuar Morales-Rodríguez, Carolina Chegwin-Angarita, Alicia Romero-Frías

Behavior modification using chemical stimuli is a promising tactic for integrated management of lepidopteran pests. Therefore, this approach was evaluated for the management of the butterfly Opsiphanes cassina Felder 1862, a defoliating pest in oil palm plantations. To achieve this aim, we observed adults’ sexual behavior under laboratory conditions and identified glandular structures in the abdomen and hind wings of males that are associated with the production of sexual pheromones in taxonomically related insects. It was also determined that male calls to females occur at 18:00 h when they fill their glandular structures, tremble, and make abdominal movements while possibly releasing pheromones. The hairpencils of the hind wings are also exposed during this time. Furthermore, the analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) on the samples obtained by Solvent Assisted Extraction (SAE) revealed the identification of three male-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including (E)-nerolidol, vanillin, and (Z)-7-heptadecene. The Electroantennographic (EAG) evaluation demonstrated that females respond to the compounds, indicating their likely involvement in intraspecific interactions of the species. However, the behavioral evaluation did not confirm their attractive effect under the conditions employed. Nevertheless, the identified male-specific semiochemicals could be an alternative for inclusion in integrated pest management (IPM) of this pest in oil palm crops. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate them under field conditions.

利用化学刺激进行行为矫正是一种很有前途的鳞翅目害虫综合治理方法。因此,我们对这一方法进行了评估,以管理油棕种植园中的落叶害虫 Opsiphanes cassina Felder 1862 蝶。为了实现这一目标,我们在实验室条件下观察了成虫的性行为,并确定了雄虫腹部和后翅中与产生性信息素有关的腺体结构。研究还确定,雄性对雌性的叫声发生在18:00时,此时雄性会充满腺体结构、颤抖并做腹部运动,同时可能释放信息素。后翅的毛笔也会在这段时间暴露出来。此外,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对溶剂辅助萃取法(SAE)获得的样本进行分析,发现了三种雄性特有的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),包括(E)-nerolidol、香兰素和(Z)-7-庚二烯。电触觉(EAG)评估表明,雌性对这些化合物有反应,表明它们可能参与了物种内部的相互作用。然而,行为评估并没有证实这些化合物在所采用的条件下具有吸引力。不过,已确定的雄性特异性半化学物质可以作为一种替代品,用于油棕作物中该害虫的虫害综合防治(IPM)。因此,建议在田间条件下对其进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
A matter of confidence: requirements and standards for compound identification in Chemoecology 信心问题:化学生态学中化合物鉴定的要求和标准
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-023-00395-x
Günther Raspotnig, Marko Rohlfs
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引用次数: 0
The effect of juvenile hormone on the chemical profile and fertility of Lasius niger queens 幼虫激素对黑鳞鲃雌蚁化学特征和繁殖力的影响
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-023-00394-y
Anneline Mattens, Kin Ho Chan, Cintia Akemi Oi

Cuticular hydrocarbons serve as cues for nestmate recognition in Lasius ants, and the compound 3-MeC31 signals the queen’s fertility, acting as a queen pheromone to regulate reproductive division of labour. Juvenile hormone (JH) has been reported to inhibit reproduction in Lasius niger queens during vitellogenesis and oogenesis by modulating vitellogenin expression. The hormonal pleiotropy of juvenile hormone (JH) has been shown to affect fertility and the production of fertility cues in other social insects. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of JH on queen reproduction by looking at egg-laying rates in the early phases of nest foundation, as well as changes in chemical profiles and 3-MeC31 expression. Methoprene treatment led to an increase of 3-MeC31 production compared to precocene-treated queens; however, there was no increase in egg laying. Furthermore, chemical profiles of males and winged queens differed distinctly from the treated dealate queens.

角质碳氢化合物是 Lasius 蚂蚁识别巢友的线索,化合物 3-MeC31 是蚁后生育能力的信号,作为蚁后信息素调节生殖分工。据报道,幼年激素(JH)通过调节卵黄原蛋白的表达,在卵黄发生和卵子发生过程中抑制黑蚁蚁后的繁殖。在其他社会性昆虫中,幼体激素(JH)的荷尔蒙多效性已被证明会影响繁殖力和繁殖线索的产生。本研究的目的是通过观察筑巢初期的产卵率以及化学特征和 3-MeC31 表达的变化,回顾 JH 对蜂后繁殖的影响。与早熟烯处理的蜂王相比,甲氧苄啶处理导致3-MeC31产量增加;但产卵量没有增加。此外,雄蜂和有翅蜂王的化学特征与经处理的雌蜂有明显不同。
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引用次数: 0
Larvae of Sasakia charonda (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) and three related species use oral odorants to repel ants and wasps 沙蚕幼虫(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科:蛱蝶科)及其3个亲缘种使用口腔气味剂驱除蚂蚁和黄蜂
IF 1.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00049-023-00391-1
Taro Hayashi, Kaori Holikawa, Hisako Akiba, Takashi A. Inoue, Kinuko Niihara, Tatsuya Fukuda

We incidentally discovered that the larvae of Sasakia charonda (Hewitson, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Apaturinae) disturbed by ants, wasps, or humans release volatile compounds orally. To identify these substances, we collected oral odorant samples directly from the mouths of S. charonda larvae into volatile-collecting tubes. The trapped oral odorant samples were subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We confirmed the identity of 19 substances by comparing them to GC results of known standards and inferred them to mainly be alcohols and aldehydes/ketones, with main chains of 4–5 carbons. Three of the chemicals in the oral odorant samples, 2-butanol, 1-penten-3-ol, and 3-pentanone, showed a repellant effect on the ants Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith, 1860) and Formica japonica Motschoulsky, 1866 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). We also examined the effects of these 19 volatiles on Polistes spp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and confirmed that some of them were effective repellants against these wasps. We propose that the substances we identified in this study can be used as defensive chemicals, analogous to the osmeterium emissions specific to Papilionidae butterflies. Furthermore, we examined the oral odorants of three related Japanese Apaturine species, Hestina assimilis (Linnaeus, 1758), H. persimilis (Westwood, 1850), and Apatura metis (Freyer, 1829) using the same approach. The chemical compositions of the oral odorants of H. assimilis and H. persimilis were similar to that of S. charonda, whereas that of A. metis differed. Some of the oral substances also induced a defensive response in conspecific Apaturinae larvae. We consider these substances to also act as alarm pheromones in these larvae.

我们偶然发现,受到蚂蚁、黄蜂或人类干扰的 Sasakia charonda(Hewitson,1863 年)(鳞翅目:蛱蝶科:蛱蝶属)幼虫会口腔释放挥发性化合物。为了识别这些物质,我们直接从 S. charonda 幼虫的口中收集口腔气味样本,并将其放入挥发性物质收集管中。捕获的口腔气味样本将进行气相色谱-质谱分析(GC-MS)。通过与已知标准物质的气相色谱结果进行比较,我们确认了 19 种物质的身份,并推断它们主要是主链为 4-5 个碳原子的醇和醛/酮。口腔气味样本中的三种化学物质,即 2-丁醇、1-戊烯-3-醇和 3-戊酮,对蚂蚁 Pristomyrmex punctatus (Smith, 1860) 和 Formica japonica Motschoulsky, 1866(膜翅目:蚁科)有驱赶作用。我们还研究了这 19 种挥发性物质对 Polistes spp.(膜翅目:蚜茧蜂科)的影响,证实其中一些物质对这些黄蜂具有有效的驱避作用。我们认为,我们在这项研究中发现的物质可以用作防御性化学物质,类似于朱鹭科蝴蝶特有的osmeterium排放物。此外,我们还用同样的方法研究了三种相关的日本胡蜂,即 Hestina assimilis(林奈,1758 年)、H. persimilis(韦斯特伍德,1850 年)和 Apatura metis(弗雷尔,1829 年)的口腔气味物质。H. assimilis和H. persimilis口腔气味物质的化学成分与S. charonda相似,而A. metis则不同。其中一些口腔物质还能诱导同种天南星科幼虫产生防御反应。我们认为这些物质也是这些幼虫的报警信息素。
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Chemoecology
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