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Economic precarity and changing levels of anxiety and stress among Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions throughout the COVID-19 pandemic 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,加拿大残疾人和慢性病患者的经济不稳定性以及焦虑和压力水平的变化。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12461

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple event stressors converged to exacerbate a growing mental health crisis in Canada with differing effects across status groups. However, less is known about changing mental health situations throughout the pandemic, especially among individuals more likely to experience chronic stress because of their disability and health status. Using data from two waves of a targeted online survey of people with disabilities and chronic health conditions in Canada (N = 563 individuals, June 2020 and July 2021), we find that approximately 25% of respondents experienced additional increases in stress and anxiety levels in 2021. These increases were partly explained by worsening perceived financial insecurity and, in the case of stress, additional negative financial effects tied to the pandemic. This paper understands mental health disparities as a function of social status and social group membership. By linking stress process models and a minority stress framework with a social model of disability, we allude to how structural and contextual barriers make functional limitations disabling and in turn, life stressors.

在 COVID-19 大流行的早期,多种事件压力交织在一起,加剧了加拿大日益严重的心理健康危机,并对不同身份群体产生了不同的影响。然而,人们对整个大流行过程中心理健康状况的变化知之甚少,尤其是对因残疾和健康状况而更有可能承受慢性压力的人群。利用对加拿大残疾人和慢性病患者进行的两波有针对性的在线调查数据(N = 563 人,2020 年 6 月和 2021 年 7 月),我们发现约 25% 的受访者在 2021 年经历了压力和焦虑水平的额外增加。压力和焦虑增加的部分原因是,受访者认为自己的经济不安全状况恶化,就压力而言,与大流行病相关的额外负面经济影响也是原因之一。本文将心理健康差异理解为社会地位和社会群体成员身份的函数。通过将压力过程模型和少数群体压力框架与残疾的社会模型联系起来,我们暗指结构性和环境性障碍是如何使功能限制成为残疾,进而成为生活压力的。
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引用次数: 0
A solider and a victim: Masculinity, violence, and incels celebration of December 6th 一个战士和一个受害者男子气概、暴力和乱伦者庆祝 12 月 6 日。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12460

In 1989, Marc Lépine murdered 14 women at L’École Polytechnique de Montréal. We demonstrate how involuntarily celibate (“incel”) men celebrate Lépine and claim him as a member of their community. Our analysis draws on 637 comments made on incels.is, the main English-language incel forum, that explicitly mentions Marc Lépine. We argue that incels use Lépine to situate themselves in relation to masculinity and to justify violence against women. First, incels orient to both hegemonic and subordinate masculinity by arguing that feminists are waging a gender war against men. Second, incels celebrate Lépine as a methodical and efficient murderer, connecting both themselves and Lépine to hegemonic masculinity. Third, incels describe both themselves and Lépine as victims of feminists and use this perceived subordination to justify violence against women. We discuss findings in relation to theories of masculinity and policies regulating online communities.

1989 年,马克-莱宾(Marc Lépine)杀害了蒙特利尔理工学院的 14 名女生。我们展示了非自愿独身("incel")男性如何颂扬莱宾,并将他视为自己社区的一员。我们的分析参考了在主要的英语乱伦论坛 incels.is 上发表的 637 条明确提到马克-莱宾的评论。我们认为,"乱伦者 "利用马克-勒庞来确定自己与男性气质的关系,并为针对女性的暴力行为辩护。首先,"乱伦者 "认为女权主义者正在发动一场针对男性的性别战争,从而将自己定位为霸权男性和从属男性。其次,乱伦者赞美莱宾是一个有条不紊、高效率的杀人犯,将自己和莱宾与霸权男性气质联系在一起。第三,"乱伦者 "将自己和莱宾都描述为女权主义者的受害者,并利用这种被认为的从属地位来为针对女性的暴力行为辩护。我们将结合男子气概理论和网络社区监管政策对研究结果进行讨论。
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引用次数: 0
L'Enquête nationale sur les femmes et les filles autochtones disparues et assassinées au Canada: Explorer la relation entre l'existence de critiques externes et la prise de parole des témoins lors des audiences communautaires 加拿大失踪和被谋杀土著妇女和女孩全国调查:探讨外部批评与社区听证会上证人发言之间的关系。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12458

Faced with the alarming rates of disappearances and murders of Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people in Canada and in response to the demands of victims' families and Indigenous women's associations, the Canadian government set up the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (2016–2019). Its mandate: to identify the systemic causes of violence and produce effective recommendations to remedy them. From its announcement and during the course of its work, the inquiry faced a great deal of criticism, particularly from families and Indigenous women's associations, undermining the trust of many in the commissioners and in the process. It was thus against the backdrop of those brewing tensions that many people affected by the violence came forward to tell their stories at community hearings held across the country. As we consider public testimony to be a vector of social agency for these witnesses, we ask how external critiques conveyed in the media sphere influenced these narrative spaces internal to the inquiry. Through the use of computer-assisted text analysis (based in textometry) applied on a corpus of transcripts from the fifteen community hearings, we were able to identify the presence of certain criticisms, which occupied a relatively small space in the hearings. What's more, our explorations enabled us to reveal that witnesses bore a dual responsibility: to tell their story and to avoid downgrading the investigation in progress.

面对加拿大土著妇女、女孩和2SLGBTQQIA+人失踪和谋杀的惊人比率,为了回应受害者家属和土著妇女协会的要求,加拿大政府成立了失踪和谋杀土著妇女和女孩全国调查(2016-2019年)。其任务是:查明暴力的系统性原因,并提出有效的补救建议。调查从宣布开始和工作过程中就面临着大量批评,特别是来自家庭和土著妇女协会的批评,破坏了许多人对专员和调查过程的信任。因此,正是在这些酝酿中的紧张局势的背景下,许多受暴力影响的人站出来在全国各地举行的社区听证会上讲述他们的故事。当我们认为公开证词是这些证人的社会能动性的载体时,我们会问媒体领域传达的外部批评是如何影响调查内部的这些叙事空间的。通过对15次社区听证会的记录语料库进行计算机辅助文本分析(基于文本计量学),我们能够识别出某些批评的存在,这些批评在听证会上占据了相对较小的空间。更重要的是,我们的探索使我们能够揭示证人负有双重责任:讲述他们的故事和避免降低正在进行的调查的级别。
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引用次数: 0
Boys, girls, and everyone else: Ontario public school board responses to gender diversity 男孩、女孩和其他人:安大略省公立学校董事会对性别多样性的回应。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12459

Trans and nonbinary youth issue a challenge to K-12 schools, which regularly assume gender is binary and immutable. Although scholars have explored how educational institutions are responding to trans and nonbinary students, fewer have examined the assumptions implicit within these responses. By analyzing policy solutions as diagnostics of institutions’ implicit representations of social problems, I examine how educational institutions construct the terms of membership for trans and nonbinary students. This article examines all publicly-available Ontario public school board documents (N = 359) including the terms “gender identity” and/or “gender expression.” The findings show patterns in school board approaches. Roughly 80% of responses focus on a case-by-case, individual-level response. The remaining 20% adopt a systemic approach to trans and nonbinary inclusion. Few responses challenge binary-sorting practices. This article addresses the broader social issue of how public organizations deal with difference and the limits of individual accommodation responses to systemic inequity.

跨性别和非二元青年对K-12学校提出了挑战,因为他们经常认为性别是二元的,是不可变的。尽管学者们探讨了教育机构如何应对跨性别和非二元学生,但很少有人研究这些反应中隐含的假设。通过分析政策解决方案作为对机构对社会问题的隐性表征的诊断,我研究了教育机构如何为跨性别和非二元学生构建成员资格条款。本文研究了安大略省公立学校董事会的所有公开文件(N=359),包括“性别认同”和/或“性别表达”。研究结果显示了学校董事会方法的模式。大约80%的回答集中在个案、个人层面的回答上。剩下的20%采用系统的方法进行跨性别和非二元包容。很少有回应挑战二进制排序实践。这篇文章讨论了更广泛的社会问题,即公共组织如何处理差异,以及个人对系统性不平等的适应反应的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Considering the role of integration experiences in shaping immigrants’ post-migration food choices and eating practices 考虑整合经验在塑造移民后的食物选择和饮食习惯中的作用。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12456

This article draws on data collected from qualitative interviews with 38 recent immigrants in two Ontario cities to provide an overview of recent immigrants’ general dietary acculturation experiences. With insights from both Cockerham's health lifestyle theory and Berry's acculturation model, this article explores how structural inequalities related to integration and settlement may shape recent immigrants’ post-migration food choices and eating practices. The results of this study revealed that immigrants from non-Western countries experienced greater challenges in healthy eating. Findings are in line with Cockerham's health lifestyle theory: immigrants’ post-migration food choices and dietary acculturation strategies were not only bounded by socioeconomic status and cultural differences but were also shaped by various structural inequalities, especially those related to systematic barriers during the integration and settlement process. Overall, this paper provides a more holistic understanding of the multifaceted nature of immigrants’ dietary acculturation experiences.

本文利用对安大略省两个城市38名新移民的定性访谈收集的数据,对新移民的一般饮食文化适应经历进行了概述。本文从Cockerham的健康生活方式理论和Berry的文化适应模型中深入探讨了与融合和定居相关的结构性不平等如何影响新移民在移民后的食物选择和饮食习惯。这项研究的结果表明,来自非西方国家的移民在健康饮食方面遇到了更大的挑战。研究结果与科克勒姆的健康生活方式理论一致:移民在移民后的食物选择和饮食文化适应策略不仅受到社会经济地位和文化差异的限制,还受到各种结构性不平等的影响,尤其是与融合和定居过程中的系统性障碍有关的不平等。总的来说,本文对移民饮食文化适应经历的多方面性质提供了更全面的理解。
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引用次数: 0
“I don't have the energy”: Racial stress, young Black motherhood, and Canadian social policies “我没有精力”:种族压力,年轻的黑人母亲,加拿大的社会政策。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12457

Significant socio-economic, health, and mental health disparities due to highly entrenched and systemic anti-Black racism in Canadian institutions, policies, and practices are now well documented in research and policy reports. Yet, few in-depth studies have addressed the mental health impacts of anti-Black racism on Canadian populations. This article is rooted in a community-based, qualitative research project with young first and second-generation Black Caribbean-Canadian mothers and is informed by Black Feminist epistemologies and intersectional theories and methodologies. Our research demonstrates how participants’ childhood experiences with xenophobic and racist immigration policies and educational, child welfare, and childcare systems caused their future mental health challenges as young Black mothers, and how these struggles were exacerbated by their encounters with the racist, ageist, xenophobic medical, social, and mental health services they had to access as young mothers. Based on these findings, we recommend enhancements to current social policies to minimize the differential mental health impacts on young Black Canadian mothers.

由于加拿大机构、政策和实践中根深蒂固的系统性反黑人种族主义,造成了巨大的社会经济、健康和心理健康差距,现在研究和政策报告中都有很好的记录。然而,很少有深入的研究涉及反黑人种族主义对加拿大人口心理健康的影响。这篇文章植根于一个以社区为基础的定性研究项目,研究对象是年轻的第一代和第二代加勒比裔加拿大黑人母亲,并借鉴了黑人女权主义的认识论以及交叉理论和方法。我们的研究表明,参与者童年时期在仇外和种族主义移民政策以及教育、儿童福利和儿童保育系统中的经历如何导致他们作为年轻黑人母亲未来的心理健康挑战,以及他们与种族主义、年龄歧视、仇外医疗、社会、,以及她们年轻时必须获得的心理健康服务。基于这些发现,我们建议加强当前的社会政策,最大限度地减少对加拿大年轻黑人母亲的不同心理健康影响。
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引用次数: 0
Intergenerational mobility through inhabited meritocracy: Evidence from civil service examinations of the early- and mid-Ming dynasty 通过精英统治的代际流动:来自明朝早期和中期公务员考试的证据。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12452

The civil service examination system emerged to strengthen the emperor's power by recruiting political elites through open examinations. Did it, during the early- and mid-Ming dynasty, facilitate intergenerational mobility? Rather than oversimplifying it as a single-stage system of meritocracy, we propose a two-stage evaluation framework. In the first stage, the Metropolitan Exam featured merit-based evaluations and generated credentials necessary for becoming political elites. The subsequent non-eliminating Palace Exam then functioned to assess the students’ organizational fit in line with an emperor's political calculations. In particular, those whose families served in the bureaucracy were favored, while those from affluent families were discriminated against. We test this two-stage framework using the records of 12,427 students who passed 46 exams between 1400 and 1580, a period characterizing the heyday of this system. Our empirical findings from the mixed-effect regression models confirm this argument and suggest promising directions for future research.

公务员考试制度的出现是为了通过公开考试招募政治精英来加强皇帝的权力。在明朝早期和中期,它是否促进了代际流动?我们提出了一个两阶段评估框架,而不是将其过于简化为一个单阶段的精英管理系统。在第一阶段,大都会考试的特点是基于成绩的评估,并产生成为政治精英所需的证书。随后的不淘汰殿试旨在根据皇帝的政治考量来评估学生的组织适应性。尤其是那些家庭在官僚机构任职的人受到青睐,而那些来自富裕家庭的人则受到歧视。我们使用12427名学生的记录来测试这个两阶段的框架,这些学生在1400年至1580年间通过了46次考试,这段时间是这个系统的鼎盛时期。我们从混合效应回归模型中得到的实证结果证实了这一论点,并为未来的研究提供了有希望的方向。
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引用次数: 0
Uncritical sociology: Canadian sociology at the crossroads? 非批判社会学:处于十字路口的加拿大社会学?
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12455
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引用次数: 0
Keeping up with COVID-19 information: Capacity issues and knowledge uncertainty early in the pandemic 跟上COVID-19信息:大流行早期的能力问题和知识不确定性。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12453

This article examines the relationship between information consumption and mental health during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adopting a qualitative approach, we interviewed 39 people in British Columbia, Canada between October and December 2020. Interestingly, half of the participants did not want to seek out new information on COVID-19, making their early insights and initial confusion salient. While some individuals did desire up-to-date information on outbreaks and new risks, many expressed confusion over what was perceived to be an evolving landscape of public health policy and practice. Overall, our research found that capacity issues, information overload/fatigue, politics, distrust, and competing sources of news all contributed to a culture of confusion towards public health information. As a consequence, this confusion resulted in knowledge uncertainty about the virus, vaccinations, and the pandemic itself. Our findings highlight the need for a host of future projects that examine how citizens experience disempowerment and limited agency towards compliance with health and safety initiatives.

本文探讨了新冠肺炎大流行早期信息消费与心理健康之间的关系。采用定性方法,我们在2020年10月至12月期间采访了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的39人。有趣的是,一半的参与者不想寻找关于新冠肺炎的新信息,这使他们早期的见解和最初的困惑变得突出。虽然一些人确实希望获得有关疫情和新风险的最新信息,但许多人对公共卫生政策和实践的演变前景表示困惑。总的来说,我们的研究发现,能力问题、信息过载/疲劳、政治、不信任和相互竞争的新闻来源都导致了对公共卫生信息的困惑文化。因此,这种混乱导致了对病毒、疫苗接种和疫情本身的知识不确定性。我们的研究结果强调,未来需要开展一系列项目,研究公民在遵守健康和安全倡议方面如何经历权力下放和机构有限的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Sources of mathematics self-efficacy: The interactive role of parental education and perceptions of teachers 数学自我效能感的来源:父母教育与教师认知的互动作用。
IF 2.7 3区 社会学 Q3 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12454

Using US National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) data, we explore how parental education and primary students’ perceptions of their teachers interact to impact students’ self-efficacy in mathematics. Our results demonstrate that students tend to have higher self-efficacy if they perceive that their teacher promotes the importance of mathematics. This relationship holds regardless of parental education, though it is strongest for children of parents without a university education. Children of less educated parents also tend to have lower self-efficacy if they attend private schools, which typically have high average parental socio-economic status (SES). School type has no discernable impact on children of university-educated parents. These findings are highly relevant to the Canadian context, which is characterized by schools being stratified by SES and the high importance of STEM education for occupational outcomes.

利用美国国家教育纵向研究(NELS)的数据,我们探讨了父母教育和小学生对老师的看法如何相互作用,从而影响学生的数学自我效能。我们的研究结果表明,如果学生认为老师提倡数学的重要性,他们往往会有更高的自我效能感。无论父母受教育程度如何,这种关系都是成立的,尽管对于没有受过大学教育的父母的孩子来说,这种关系最为强烈。如果父母受教育程度较低的孩子就读私立学校,他们的自我效能感也往往较低,而私立学校通常具有较高的平均父母社会经济地位(SES)。学校类型对受过大学教育的父母的孩子没有明显的影响。这些发现与加拿大的情况高度相关,加拿大的特点是学校按社会经济地位进行分层,STEM教育对职业结果的重要性很高。
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引用次数: 0
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Canadian Review of Sociology-Revue Canadienne De Sociologie
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