Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献_第4页

Study on the spatiotemporal evolution of urban spatial structure in Nanjing's main urban area: A coupling study of POI and nighttime light data 南京主城区城市空间结构时空演化研究——基于POI和夜间灯光数据的耦合研究

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.007

Ge Shi , Jiahang Liu , Chang Yang , Quan An , Zhuang Tian , Chuang Chen , Jingran Zhang , Xinyu Li , Yunpeng Zhang , Jinghai Xu

The urban spatial structure reflects a city's development history, cultural heritage, and socio-economic conditions. A rational urban spatial structure is crucial for urban development. This study focuses on the main urban area of Nanjing, analyzing POI and nighttime light data from 2016 to 2020. Utilizing kernel density estimation and coupling coordination models, it explores the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Nanjing's urban spatial structure. Geographic detectors are employed to assess the impact of various factors on this structure. The findings indicate that: (1) Nanjing's urban spatial structure displays a pattern of central aggregation and peripheral expansion, with high brightness concentrated in the urban center and a significant increase in peripheral brightness, signaling initial success in establishing urban subcenters; (2) The coupling relationship between nighttime light brightness and POI density has strengthened, suggesting improved coordination of the urban spatial structure; (3) The evolution of Nanjing's urban spatial structure results from the combined effects of multiple factors, including economic level, population distribution, transportation conditions, and policy planning.

城市空间结构反映了一个城市的发展历史、文化遗产和社会经济状况。合理的城市空间结构是城市发展的关键。本研究以南京主城区为研究对象，分析了2016 - 2020年南京主城区的POI和夜间灯光数据。利用核密度估计和耦合协调模型，探讨南京市城市空间结构的时空演化特征。使用地理探测器来评估各种因素对该结构的影响。研究结果表明：①南京城市空间结构呈现中心集聚、外围扩张的格局，城市中心亮度高，外围亮度显著提高，城市副中心建设初见成效；(2)夜间灯光亮度与POI密度的耦合关系增强，城市空间结构协调性增强；③南京城市空间结构演变是经济水平、人口分布、交通条件和政策规划等多种因素综合作用的结果。

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引用次数: 0

An analysis of spatial vitality distribution and formation mechanisms in historical urban areas based on multi-source big data: A case study of Changsha 基于多源大数据的历史城区空间活力分布及形成机制分析——以长沙市为例

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.005

Yiyu Long , Sheng Jiao , Yan Yu , Kaiyin Xiao

As global urbanization accelerates, the spatial vitality of historical urban areas has become a critical issue in urban regeneration and sustainable development. Some existing spatial vitality evaluation frameworks fail to integrate multiple dimensions effectively, limiting their capacity to capture the dynamic complexity of these areas comprehensively. This study utilizes multi-source big data and deep learning technologies to propose a new multidimensional evaluation system for spatial vitality, improving existing models and systematically analyzing distribution patterns and formation mechanisms. The research results show that: (1) The spatial vitality of Changsha's historical urban area exhibits a distinct “core-periphery” pattern. Core commercial zones show high vitality due to functional concentration, whereas peripheral areas have weaker vitality because of lower physical space quality and limited functional diversity. (2) Through correlation and principal component analyses, five key factors influencing spatial vitality were identified: emotional perception, visual aesthetics, spatial attractiveness, Functionality and Structure, and traffic conditions. (3) Bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis further revealed spatial clustering effects between spatial vitality and its key factors, emphasizing the potential for enhancing functional diversity and optimizing road traffic conditions in core areas. The study's findings offer scientific guidance for urban regeneration and policy-making, particularly in optimizing spatial layouts, enhancing vitality, and fostering the coordinated development of cultural heritage protection, providing valuable insights for other developing countries.

随着全球城市化进程的加快，历史城区的空间活力已成为城市更新和可持续发展的关键问题。现有的一些空间活力评价框架未能有效地整合多个维度，限制了其全面捕捉这些区域动态复杂性的能力。本研究利用多源大数据和深度学习技术，提出一种新的多维空间活力评价体系，完善现有模型，系统分析空间活力的分布格局和形成机制。研究结果表明：(1)长沙市历史城区空间活力呈现明显的“核心-边缘”格局。核心商圈由于功能集中度高，活力较高，而外围商圈由于物理空间质量较低，功能多样性有限，活力较弱。(2)通过相关分析和主成分分析，确定了影响空间活力的5个关键因素：情感感知、视觉美学、空间吸引力、功能与结构和交通条件。(3)二元空间自相关分析进一步揭示了空间活力与其关键因子之间的空间聚类效应，强调了增强核心区功能多样性和优化道路交通条件的潜力。研究结果为城市更新和政策制定提供了科学指导，特别是在优化空间布局、增强活力、促进文化遗产保护协调发展等方面，为其他发展中国家提供了宝贵的借鉴。

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引用次数: 0

A constructal poly-narrative of architectural and urban practices and theories across history 历史上建筑和城市实践和理论的结构多元叙事

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.004

Lazaros Mavromatidis

The history of architectural and urban practices reflects humanity's enduring quest to comprehend and shape its environment, often through the lens of unifying meta-narratives. This paper critiques the tendency to seek cohesive frameworks, drawing from Graham Harman's speculative realism and Bruno Latour's “Principle of Irreduction,” which challenge hierarchical structures in understanding reality. These perspectives underscore the irreducibility and multiplicity of existence, advocating for a paradigm shift that resists determinism and embraces open-endedness. In this context, Adrian Bejan's constructal law offers a compelling alternative for interpreting architectural and urban forms. Constructal theory conceptualizes form and design as evolutionary responses to flow systems, framing architecture as an active participant in the dynamic interplay of environmental, social, and temporal forces. This perspective encourages a reevaluation of architectural practices not as definitive solutions but as iterative processes that engage with complexity and contingency. By integrating constructal theory with contemporary philosophical critiques, this article proposes a poly-narrative of architecture and urbanism that aligns with the fluidity and multiplicity of modern existence. It argues for a departure from static frameworks toward adaptive methodologies that acknowledge the interconnectedness of actors, scales, and temporalities. Ultimately, this approach reframes design as a dialogic process, fostering resilience and innovation in confronting the uncertainties of a rapidly evolving world.

建筑和城市实践的历史反映了人类对理解和塑造环境的持久追求，通常是通过统一元叙事的镜头。本文从格雷厄姆·哈曼（Graham Harman）的思辨现实主义和布鲁诺·拉图尔（Bruno Latour）的“不还原原则”（Principle of irreducour）中，批判了寻求内聚框架的倾向，这些框架挑战了理解现实的等级结构。这些观点强调了存在的不可约性和多样性，提倡一种范式转变，抵制决定论，拥抱开放性。在这种背景下，Adrian Bejan的建筑法为解释建筑和城市形式提供了一个令人信服的选择。建构理论将形式和设计概念化为对流动系统的进化反应，将建筑框架化为环境、社会和时间力量动态相互作用的积极参与者。这种观点鼓励对架构实践进行重新评估，而不是将其作为确定的解决方案，而是作为涉及复杂性和偶然性的迭代过程。通过将建构理论与当代哲学批判相结合，本文提出了一种与现代存在的流动性和多样性相一致的建筑和城市主义的多元叙事。它主张从静态框架转向承认参与者、规模和时间性的相互联系的适应性方法。最终，这种方法将设计重新定义为一个对话过程，在面对快速变化的世界的不确定性时，培养韧性和创新。

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引用次数: 0

Developing a bottom-up approach to assess energy challenges in urban residential buildings of China 开发一种自下而上的方法来评估中国城市住宅建筑的能源挑战

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.006

Dawei Xia , Zhuotong Wu , Yukai Zou , Ruijun Chen , Siwei Lou

Accurate evaluation on residential energy demand is crucial for sustainable energy systems and urban development. Bottom-up approaches are reliable to capture the building energy characteristics. However, the existing bottom-up approaches require large volumes of high-quality residential building data, which are often inaccessible in developing countries like China. This study proposes a bottom-up approach based on prototype residential units to assess energy challenges in urban residential sector of China. By integrating data collection, variable selection, and K-prototype clustering analysis, the method identifies several residential prototypes that can be used for predictions on energy dynamic variation in residential sector. The proposed method is applied in Guangzhou, a major city in southern China, during heat wave events as a case study. The results indicate that both daytime and nighttime cooling loads in the residential sector are significant and should not be overlooked; peak hourly energy demand typically occurs at 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. The proposed approach provides a scalable framework for forecasting energy demand, supporting policy and urban planning to reduce consumption while enhancing resilience to extreme weather and understanding of energy challenges in China's urban residential sector.

准确评估居民能源需求对可持续能源系统和城市发展至关重要。自下而上的方法可以可靠地捕捉建筑的能量特征。然而，现有的自下而上的方法需要大量高质量的住宅建筑数据，而这些数据在中国等发展中国家往往无法获得。本研究提出了一种基于原型住宅单元的自下而上的方法来评估中国城市住宅部门的能源挑战。通过整合数据收集、变量选择和k -原型聚类分析，该方法确定了几个可用于预测住宅部门能源动态变化的住宅原型。以中国南方大城市广州为例，分析了该方法在高温天气中的应用。结果表明，住宅部门白天和夜间的冷负荷都很重要，不容忽视；高峰时段的能源需求通常出现在早上7点和晚上9点。该方法提供了一个可扩展的框架，用于预测能源需求，支持政策和城市规划，以减少消费，同时增强对极端天气的抵御能力，并了解中国城市住宅部门的能源挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Natural movement: Measuring optimal pathway configuration of museum layout and pedestrian accessibility through visibility graph analysis and intelligent agent simulation 自然运动：通过可视化图分析和智能体仿真，测量博物馆布局的最优路径配置和行人可达性

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.001

Xiang Wang , Mengsi Yang , Weicong Li , Lin Yuan , Qimeng Ren , Qian Xie , Runze Liu

This study explores the interaction between spatial configuration, natural mobility, and visual accessibility in exhibition spaces, an area that remains underexplored. By integrating visibility graph analysis (VGA), intelligent agent simulation (IAS), topological analysis, and field observation, the research examines functional layout and accessibility across four museums. Findings indicate that corridors and pathways, second only to exhibition halls, play a crucial role in spatial mobility. Composite layouts (e.g., circular and L-shaped designs) exhibit superior mean depth and integration, yet connectivity and mean depth demonstrate a nonlinear relationship. Elongated or complex path turns increase cognitive load, complicating navigation, while open passageways promote smoother visitor distribution. Topological analysis effectively identifies optimal nodes, key locations, and path-turn efficiency under accessibility constraints. Visitor dwell time is shaped not only by exhibit content but also by spatial location, entry sequence, and visitor density. Results support the assumption that space syntax models align with real-world visitor flow patterns, yet predictive models fail to fully capture variations in mobility across different timeframes and behavioral contexts. These insights contribute to optimizing museum design for improved visitor experience and spatial efficiency.

本研究探讨了展览空间中空间结构、自然流动性和视觉可达性之间的相互作用，这是一个尚未得到充分探索的领域。通过可视化图分析（VGA）、智能体模拟（IAS）、拓扑分析和实地观察，研究了四个博物馆的功能布局和可达性。研究结果表明，走廊和通道在空间流动性中发挥着仅次于展厅的重要作用。复合布局（如圆形和l形设计）表现出优越的平均深度和集成度，但连通性和平均深度表现出非线性关系。细长或复杂的路径转弯增加了认知负荷，使导航复杂化，而开放的通道促进了游客更顺畅的分布。拓扑分析可以有效识别可达性约束下的最优节点、关键位置和路径转换效率。游客停留时间不仅受展览内容的影响，还受空间位置、进入顺序和游客密度的影响。研究结果支持空间语法模型与现实世界游客流量模式一致的假设，但预测模型未能完全捕捉到不同时间框架和行为背景下的流动性变化。这些见解有助于优化博物馆设计，以改善游客体验和空间效率。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the correlation between spatial heterogeneity of urban tourism and the degree of crowd gathering: Take the main area of Wuhan, China as an example 城市旅游空间异质性与人群集聚程度的相关性研究——以武汉市主城区为例

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.002

Xincan Yu , Hong Xu , Yuelin Yan

Urban tourism space is the primary area where tourism activities occur and a key driver of regional tourism space evolution. To explore the correlation between population aggregation and urban tourism spatial heterogeneity in the big data era, this study focuses on Wuhan's main urban area in 2023. Using the Geographically Weighted Regression model, it analyzes the factors influencing tourism spatial heterogeneity. Additionally, Baidu Heat map data is employed to identify crowd aggregation levels during holidays, revealing the distribution patterns of urban tourism space. The results indicate that (1) factors derived from the GWR model significantly influence the number of tourism spaces in Wuhan, with evident spatial differences; (2) based on the spatial matching of heterogeneity factors and crowd aggregation levels, urban tourism space can be categorized into six types, including five core tourism spaces and other scattered spaces. This research highlights the spatial heterogeneity of urban tourism in Wuhan and provides a scientific basis for the transformation and quality improvement of urban tourism space by exploring the impact of population activity density.

城市旅游空间是旅游活动的主要场所，是区域旅游空间演化的关键驱动力。为探索大数据时代下人口聚集与城市旅游空间异质性的关系，本研究以2023年武汉市主城区为研究对象。利用地理加权回归模型，分析了影响旅游空间异质性的因素。利用百度热图数据识别节假日人群聚集水平，揭示城市旅游空间分布格局。结果表明：(1)GWR模型对武汉市旅游空间数量影响显著，且空间差异明显；(2)基于异质性因子与人群聚集水平的空间匹配，将城市旅游空间划分为6种类型，包括5种核心旅游空间和其他分散空间。本研究通过探索人口活动密度的影响，凸显武汉城市旅游的空间异质性，为城市旅游空间的转型和质量提升提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Urban vitality transfer: Analysis of 50 factors based on 24-h weekday activity in Nanjing 城市活力转移：基于南京市24小时工作日活动的50个因素分析

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.03.003

Zhenyu Wang , Weixing Xu , Yida Liu , Beibei Liu , Ling Zhu

Vitality transfer patterns are essential for creating vibrant, sustainable cities, yet their dynamic changes over time remain underexplored. Taking Nanjing as a case study, this study employed 24 h of location-based service data as a time series to explore the vitality transfer pattern within a day from both distribution and aggregation perspectives. Spatial dependence decay patterns were detected using residual clustering relationships, and the LightGBM model was used to explore the relationship between vitality transfer and 50 factors in five categories: transportation, function, economy, morphology, and geography. The results show that the urban vitality distribution has a polycentric agglomeration pattern, which goes through four periods in a day. Vitality transfer is the cyclical process of transformation from one aggregated state to another. The spatial dependence was maximized at 0.75 km². The magnitude of vitality fluctuation is strongly influenced by factors such as morphology, transportation, and function. Spatial differences in factors combine to drive vitality transfer in distribution and aggregation, with factors such as accessibility and building age diversity influencing distribution, and factors such as accessibility and POI diversity altering aggregation. This study supports the rational design of vibrant urban spaces and promotes effective vitality transfer and sustainable urban development.

活力转移模式对于创建充满活力、可持续发展的城市至关重要，但其随时间的动态变化仍未得到充分探索。本研究以南京市为例，采用24 h的地理位置服务数据作为时间序列，从分布和聚集两个角度探讨城市一天内的活力转移模式。利用残差聚类关系分析城市活力转移与交通、功能、经济、形态、地理5类50个因子之间的空间依赖性衰减模式。结果表明：城市活力分布呈现多中心集聚格局，在一天内经历4个时段；活力转移是从一种聚合状态向另一种聚合状态转变的循环过程。空间依赖性在0.75 km2处最大。活力波动幅度受形态、运输和功能等因素的强烈影响。因子的空间差异共同驱动活力在分布和聚集上的转移，可达性和建筑年龄多样性等因子影响分布，可达性和POI多样性等因子改变聚集。本研究支持城市活力空间的合理设计，促进活力的有效传递和城市的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Techniques and craftsmanship of the hybrid framing cantilever bridges in Tengchong, Yunnan, China: A case study of the Yezhuqing Bridge 云南腾冲混合框架悬臂桥的技术与工艺——以叶竹青大桥为例

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.01.012

Yan Liu , Yichao Zhang , Qing Chun

This study examines the structural characteristics and technical principles of the hybrid framing cantilever bridges along the Longchuan River in Tengchong, Yunnan, China, taking the Yezhuqing Bridge as a case example. Such bridges integrate diverse construction techniques—including inclined cantilevers, iron chains, three-sided arches, and strut frames—showcasing the craftsmanship characteristic of a region shaped by cultural blending. This paper first analyzes the structural design and mechanical principles based on the bridge's form, and then examines construction details to understand material selection, reconstruct fabrication methods, and explore craftsmanship thinking. The findings reveal that in the structural design, iron chains, strut frames, and three-sided arches each take on distinct load-bearing roles in a cantilever bridge, enabling it to achieve a large span. By coordinating structural components, this bridge type does not require scaffolding during construction, instead relying on the components themselves for mutual support throughout the building process. In terms of construction details, skillful arrangement of elements like wooden pegs enhances convenience and precision during construction, while ensuring overall integrity and stability. Additionally, this study examines existing structural vulnerabilities and past restoration issues, providing insights for future conservation efforts.

本研究以云南腾冲龙川河混合框架悬臂桥为例，研究了混合框架悬臂桥的结构特点和技术原理。这样的桥梁融合了多种建筑技术，包括倾斜悬臂，铁链，三面拱门和支柱框架，展示了文化融合形成的地区的工艺特征。本文首先根据桥梁的形态分析结构设计和力学原理，然后考察施工细节，了解材料的选择，重建制作方法，探索工艺思维。研究结果表明，在结构设计中，铁链、支柱框架和三面拱门在悬臂桥中各自承担不同的承重作用，使其能够实现大跨度。通过协调结构构件，这种桥在施工过程中不需要脚手架，而是依靠构件本身在整个施工过程中相互支撑。在施工细节上，木桩等元素的巧妙安排，在保证整体完整性和稳定性的同时，增加了施工的方便性和精度。此外，本研究还考察了现有的结构脆弱性和过去的修复问题，为未来的保护工作提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Application of machine learning and genetic algorithms in environmental performance assessment and optimization of traditional Huizhou houses in China 机器学习与遗传算法在中国传统徽州房屋环境绩效评价与优化中的应用

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.02.002

Zhixin Xu , Xiangfeng Li , Chenhao Duan , Xiaoming Li , Nan Jiang , Xijia Sun , Fan Xie

China's rapid urbanization presents significant challenges for rural construction and resource management, often prioritizing economic gains over climate adaptability and energy efficiency. This study focuses on traditional Huizhou houses, integrating energy consumption and comfort analysis into the early design stages. Initial simulations using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) established a baseline model for comparison. Through the Wallacei_X plugin, optimized designs achieved a 19.88% reduction in energy use intensity (EUI) and a 9.37% improvement in summer outdoor comfort (UTCI_H) compared to the baseline. Further analysis along the Pareto frontier using Scikit-learn demonstrated high predictive accuracy with XGBoost (F₁ scores: 0.80 for 4-side houses, 0.78 for 3-side houses). To enhance interpretability, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis explored nonlinear relationships between design variables and building performance, while coupling analysis examined the spatial relationships between houses and their environmental impact. In the final validation, the proposed workflow effectively linked building performance prediction with design optimization, achieving a 26% performance improvement over the original site plan. This integrated approach enables rapid performance evaluations, reduces costs, and provides practical design references. It highlights the potential of combining genetic algorithms and machine learning to drive sustainable rural development.

中国的快速城市化对农村建设和资源管理提出了重大挑战，往往优先考虑经济效益而不是气候适应性和能源效率。本研究以传统徽州住宅为研究对象，将能耗和舒适性分析融入设计的早期阶段。使用通用热气候指数（UTCI）进行的初步模拟为比较建立了一个基线模式。通过Wallacei_X插件，与基线相比，优化设计实现了能源使用强度（EUI）降低19.88%，夏季室外舒适度（UTCI_H）提高9.37%。使用Scikit-learn对Pareto边界的进一步分析表明，XGBoost具有很高的预测精度（4面房屋的F1分数为0.80,3面房屋的F1分数为0.78）。为了提高可解释性，SHapley加性解释（SHAP）分析探讨了设计变量与建筑性能之间的非线性关系，而耦合分析则研究了房屋与其环境影响之间的空间关系。在最后的验证中，提出的工作流程有效地将建筑性能预测与设计优化联系起来，实现了比原始场地计划26%的性能改进。这种集成的方法可以实现快速的性能评估，降低成本，并提供实用的设计参考。它强调了将遗传算法和机器学习结合起来推动农村可持续发展的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Coupling coordination evaluation and driving factor analysis of economic performance and social equity in rail transit station areas 轨道交通站区经济效益与社会公平耦合协调评价及驱动因素分析

IF 3.6 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2025.02.003

Tianyue Wan , Wei Lu , Liang Wu , Wenzhi Rong

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is increasingly recognized as a key strategy for enhancing transportation efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic vitality while fostering inclusive communities in dense, multifunctional urban areas. However, the relationship between TOD's economic benefits and social equity remains underexplored. This study critically evaluates TOD in Dalian, China, introducing the expanded Node-Place-Economy (NPE) model, which integrates economic and social dimensions into the traditional Node-Place model. The NPE model offers a comprehensive framework for assessing TOD effectiveness, particularly in balancing economic growth and equitable resource distribution. The research highlights significant disparities between central and peripheral regions, with central areas performing better in both economic and social equity, while peripheral areas exacerbate socio-economic inequalities. Through spatial analysis and the Coupling Coordination Index (CCI), the study identifies factors influencing the synergy between economic vitality and social equity, such as the density of commercial, sports, and entertainment facilities. The findings emphasize the need for more equitable TOD planning, suggesting that future urban developments should prioritize social inclusiveness alongside economic efficiency. This research expands the theoretical foundation of TOD and offers practical insights for urban planners aiming to achieve sustainable and inclusive urban development.

交通导向发展（TOD）日益被认为是提高交通效率、环境可持续性和经济活力的关键战略，同时在人口密集、多功能的城市地区培育包容性社区。然而，TOD的经济效益与社会公平之间的关系尚未得到充分探讨。本研究引入扩展的节点-地点-经济（NPE）模型，将经济和社会维度整合到传统的节点-地点模型中，对中国大连的TOD进行批判性评估。NPE模型为评估TOD的有效性提供了一个全面的框架，特别是在平衡经济增长和公平资源分配方面。研究强调了中心地区和周边地区之间的显著差异，中心地区在经济和社会公平方面表现更好，而周边地区则加剧了社会经济不平等。通过空间分析和耦合协调指数（CCI），研究确定了影响经济活力与社会公平之间协同效应的因素，如商业、体育和娱乐设施的密度。研究结果强调需要更公平的TOD规划，建议未来的城市发展应优先考虑社会包容性和经济效率。本研究拓展了TOD的理论基础，为城市规划者实现可持续和包容性城市发展提供了实践见解。

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引用次数: 0