Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献

The relationship between tradition and modernity significantly influences society, culture, and architectural discourse. This philosophy offers a framework for exploring the impact of traditional architecture on contemporary Iranian architecture from different perspectives and approaches. Various viewpoints exist on whether historical architecture can be a defining characteristic of contemporary architectural discourse. Through an in-depth review of analysis-centred architectural literature, a unique method was chosen for analysing contemporary architecture and gaining insight into its creation. The main goal of this study is to establish a productive relationship between past-oriented architecture, innovative architectural concepts, and contemporary thought. This article examines three critical viewpoints, tradition as imitation, transmission, and transformation, alongside analysing their influential components on architectural form to gain insight into productively connecting with historical achievements and show that the role of history is to add new values to architecture-conscious needs that have changed during history. Ultimately, the challenge lies in finding a suitable path among diverse perspectives and reinterpretations and establishing a productive relationship with history and contemporary thought.

Historical sites (HSs) are akin to living entities, and their existence is perpetuated through the erection of new buildings or additions. Many HSs need sustainable development and new construction, as existing monuments fail to meet contemporary user requirements. Despite the urgent demand, many new buildings within HSs have been constructed without considering the influencing factors on contextual value, built, and natural environment. This oversight has led to irreversible damage to their historical value. Numerous studies have independently explored interventions, construction, and development within HSs. However, there is a conspicuous absence of comprehensive research that concurrently addresses these issues while preserving the intrinsic value of the HSs. This study aims to identify the variables and factors contributing to the successful design and construction of new buildings within HSs, satisfying user needs, conserving contextual values, and achieving sustainability with the natural and built environment. The research employs a mixed-method approach, gathering raw data through literature reviews, case studies, and expert interviews. The study population comprised 97 experts in architectural heritage conservation and sustainable development. Exploratory factor analysis was utilized for data analysis, leading to the identification of influential factors. The study highlights the significance of the location, function, scale, form, material, skyline, viewpoint, accessibility, reversibility, topography, sustainability, technology, structural system, lifespan, and interior design in constructing new buildings within a HS. Moreover, the design of new additions should adhere to five guiding principles: integrated design, volume design, green design, compatible design, and modern design. In this context, the new structures will fulfill user needs, preserve or enhance contextual values, and harmonize with the built and natural environment.

The conception drawing in architecture is that allows to initiate the architectural thinking, visualizing, and discovering the first ideas. This drawing has traditionally been given as an act of linking and collaboration between thought, sight, and the movement of the hands with a tool. Identifying and recognizing its characteristics will make it possible to deal with any mediation of information technologies. To establish such characteristics, three case studies were carried out. An analysis was made of the conception drawings and interviews by the Pritzker Prize laureates: Ando, Hadid and Gehry. One condition and four characteristics have been determined: drawing is a phenomenological action that produces haptic drawings; it is an undecided process that originates unformed drawings; it is a fast action that results in small and multiplied drawings; it is a perceptual act that generates redrawn and remarked drawings; and finally, it is an action that seeks to remember to resume the creative process at another moment, which produces rudimentary conventional drawings. Knowing these before any technological mediation will be an important pedagogical contribution that will allow future architects not to alter the cognitive processes that generate the first ideas in the initial moments of the architectural project.

This study explores the role of Bedouins in preserving Palestinian land through their own means of community resilience through the concept of “Art of being” and its entailed “Arts of presence and persistence”. This is examined through the correlation between Bedouin lifestyle and the spatial distribution of structures within “Al-Kurshan” Bedouin clan in Area C in the West Bank. Based on a mixed qualitative and spatial methodologies, information was gathered through semi-structured interviews with Al-Kurshan Bedouins and employees of organizations supporting Bedouins, on-site observation, and analyses of maps and photos, in addition to drawings and illustrations. The spatial distribution of Bedouin built structures is analyzed in relation to landscape and climate, social aspects within the families, and available service and sectorial infrastructures. These analyses give insight on how Bedouins struggle against adopting other lifestyles. The study shows that the Bedouins are slowly forced to negotiate their semi-nomadic lifestyle, but resist giving up their right to exist against the threat of forced displacement. They maintain their “Art of being” which partly represents their own way of safeguarding Palestinian lands from confiscation. The study contributes to the wider discussion of spatial dynamics of Bedouins and their community resilience within the Palestinian geopolitical context.

Stakeholder satisfaction is an important factor in determining the success of urban heritage conservation projects. This research attempts to propose a model for assessing stakeholder satisfaction and project significant factors that need to be considered when determining the performance of a conservation project, taking the Thiruvananthapuram Fort Area, India as a case example. The study employed a mixed-method approach of using expert consultations, physical surveys, and statistical analysis in the development of the model. Factors influencing the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project were listed from the literature and further refined through expert discussions to be utilized for the stakeholder survey. A questionnaire survey is administered within a heritage-sensitive urban area to identify the present state of heritage buildings and the living conditions of the stakeholders pertaining to the six aspects that determine the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project. The overall satisfaction of the stakeholder group was modelled using ordinal logistic regression against the various factors to arrive at factors that positively and negatively influenced them. The model assessed that the satisfaction of the stakeholders who were a part of the historic site was highly influenced by their economic needs and the project's economic sustainability over other factors in the model. Urban economy consolidation, a known mechanism of improving an area's economic sustainability negatively affected the stakeholders' satisfaction. The results indicate that the factors under the social aspect were not significant determinants for the stakeholders of this urban heritage conservation project. The methodology developed in this study can aid researchers and planners in identifying factors determining the outcome of an urban heritage conservation project while planning for development within a heritage-sensitive urban area.

Chinese ice-ray (IR) lattices, known for their intricate and visually fascinating random patterns as decorative elements in traditional 18th-century Chinese window design, exhibit underlying stiffness as latticed window fences. Such unique patterns represent a new morphology within the family of stochastic lattices. However, the latent structural potential within the random patterns of ice-ray lattices remains largely unexplored, particularly in the context of lattice shell design. This study systematically studies the geometric qualities of ice-ray lattice patterns and develops an algorithm to model these patterns for ice-ray lattice shell design. Subsequently, it assesses the structural feasibility and effectiveness of these lattice shells in comparison to conventional gridshells. The practicality of constructing random lattice shells using digital fabrication tools is also explored. Employing fractal geometry as a foundational framework, this research not only offers insights into the potential of ice-ray lattices for innovative lattice shell design but also introduces a new structural morphology to the field, expanding the possibilities of incorporating stochastic patterns in lattice shell design. Ultimately, it opens up new opportunities for innovative lattice shell designs, emphasizing the potential of stochastic patterns in structural applications.

This study establishes an evaluation and optimization framework for the public transit network based on social network analysis and a greedy algorithm, aiming to explore a quantitative approach to improving access to urban parks through public transit optimization. Social network analysis and the ArcGIS platform are used to build a public transit network model within Nanjing Old City and analyze its overall network structure characteristics. The study also focuses on a method to improve the convenience of reaching regional and city-level parks by public transit by increasing access and connecting points accordingly. A greedy algorithm is introduced to generate an optimized solution for improving public transit accessibility to regional and city-level parks, consequently enhancing their utilization. The major findings include: (1) The greedy algorithm effectively enhances the performance of the public transit network, but its benefits gradually diminish as more stations are added. (2) Strategically adding stations enhances the performance of most public transit access points, creating efficient pathways for other stations to directly reach these access points and enter regional and city-level parks. (3) The optimized public transit network model offers guidance for the planning and layout of regional and city-level parks. The site selection for new parks should prioritize establishing connections with the “hubs” in the public transit network. The proposed optimization of the public transit network in this study is specific to a single type of urban park, but subsequent research could be conducted to extend the optimization of public transit accessibility around more urban public resources.

In summer, factors such as solar radiation could make semi-outdoor spaces uncomfortable, and the use of misting systems for evaporative cooling is a low-energy improvement measure. To investigate the impact of misting system on the thermal environment and thermal comfort of seated people improvement, a field study was conducted at a semi-outdoor cafeteria in Xi'an. The results indicated that the misting system was capable of reducing the ambient air temperature by 2.4–4.9 °C and increasing the relative humidity by 17.1%–17.8%. Participants in misting condition reported lower thermal sensation and higher thermal acceptability, thermal preference, humidity sensation, humidity preference and humidity acceptability. In no misting condition, the upper SET∗ limit acceptable to 80% of the population was 28.5 °C. However, in the misting condition, the acceptable percentage of participants in each SET∗ interval was more than 90%. When SET∗ was 22.1–23.7 °C, the improvement in human thermal comfort through misting system was not significant. When SET∗ was 23.7–28.5 °C, the misting system significantly improve human thermal comfort. Finally, two control temperature thresholds of the misting system were provided according to the relationship between 80%, the maximum (89.3%) acceptable percentage and the air temperature, which were 30.1 °C and 26.5 °C, respectively.

Formulating criteria for the assessment system of historic settlements is challenging due to complex geographical conditions and evaluator knowledge limitations, leading to subjective bias in the assessment process. To address this issue, this study proposes a data-driven method for assessing the features of historical settlements to carry out scientific and refined assessment and result analysis. Focusing on Northeast Hubei as the study area, this paper selects 3 historical settlements for validation and analysis. The results of the study show that (1) the data-driven method expands the methodological chain of assessing historical settlement features, and improves the assessment efficiency and scientificity of the assessment results by applying it to the new assessment process; (2) Through comparing the assessment results of the validation cases and data samples, the study establishes a comprehensive quantitative ranking of the assessment of historical settlement features and identifies the main influencing factors, thus enhancing the precision of result analysis; (3) By comparing the resulting assessment framework with the current assessment system, this study confirms the advantages of the proposed framework in identifying nuanced features and aligning with geographical conditions, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the data-driven method.

As an important element of urban renewal in highly urbanized areas, pocket parks with small size, flexible layout and daily accessibility are becoming a major component of green infrastructure and the mainstay of outdoor recreation space expansion in high-density urban centers. Nevertheless, the absence of a comprehensive framework for evaluating the potential of pocket park construction (PPC), one that integrates diverse influencing factors on a macro scale, has resulted in the random installation of such spaces, often failing to optimize the utilization of urban land. Addressing this critical lacuna, we propose an approach to evaluate PPC potential from a city-scale perspective, which is used to support the determination of which land units should be prioritized for PPC. A complete and feasible workflow was also established to identify potential land units, construct an index system for PPC combining demand and supply levels, quantitatively calculate indices based on remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), accurately evaluate PPC potential using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS model, and develop targeted renewal strategies. A case study in Dalian, China, demonstrated the applicability and implications of the workflow. The results showed that it is flexible and easy to adapt to different local contexts, allowing evaluators to introduce parameters considering the availability of local data, and will help decision makers to build pocket parks in the most effective plots, providing a strong reference for high-quality development in other high-density urban centers facing the contradiction between ecological construction and land scarcity.