Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献

This study assesses the commonly adopted adaptation planning strategies of infrastructures in Northwest Florida (USA) based on economic analysis under different objective years. Specifically, the economic analysis considers both direct and indirect impacts of sea level rise by deploying the interdependence of infrastructures. We demonstrate the difference and significance of considering indirect economic impacts in the process of cost-benefit analysis under sea level rise. Based on the results, we recommend that the most effective strategy is partial protection of land use plus inundated transportation network upgrade, even though the total shoreline protection can make more benefits. Furthermore, we compare the performance of objective planning year from two criteria: total benefits and cost-effectiveness. The result indicates that the year 2080 could be the most economical if it is set as the objective year for the long-term infrastructure planning. The result also highlights that the economic analysis of infrastructure should be conducted over time since the total costs are distributed over many years. It is not to say that the farther the year is, the more effectiveness the strategy would be, although the total benefits would be greater.

This research explores the subject of territory, understood based on the life world of Andean inhabitants of the Colca Valley (Arequipa, Peru), who are descendants of ancient local Indigenous groups that, since prehistoric times, have known how to adapt to the rugged geographical reality of the Andes. Through a phenomenological approach, which assesses the subjective experience, it was possible to corroborate the existence of routine patterns of spatiality that preserve the emotional essence of past territorial conceptions, which have prevailed despite the hegemonic impositions systematically forced upon the land ever since the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Through carrying out coexistence fieldwork in situ, five layers of territorial sense have been registered, which, besides being very useful in order to optimize and give coherence to their agricultural and animal husbandry tasks, are periodically represented through verbal and corporal narratives, which have been mapped in this work in order to make their dynamics of symbolization visible and to conclude in the existence of an emotional Andean territory.

There is a lack of facade design methods for early design stages to balance thermal comfort and daylight provision that consider the obstruction angle as an independent variable without using modeling and simulations. This paper aims to develop easy-to use solar radiation-based prediction method for the design of office building facades (i.e., design parameters: room size, window-to-floor ratio, and glazing thermal/optical properties) located in urban canyons to balance daylight provision according to the European standard EN 17037:2018 and thermal comfort through specific cooling capacity. We used a simulation-based methodology that includes correlation analyses between building performance metrics and design parameters, the development of design workflows, accuracy analysis, and validation through the application of the workflows to a new development office building facades located in Tallinn, Estonia. The validation showed that the mean percentage of right/conservative predictions of thermal comfort classes is 98.8% whereas for daylight provision, it is higher than 75.6%. The use of the proposed prediction method can help designers to work more efficiently during early design stages and to obtain optimal performative solutions in much shorter time: window sizing in 73,152 room combinations in 80 s.

Architecture communication on photo-sharing social networking services like Instagram focuses on photorealism. Meanwhile, the conceptual intention or the experience of the architectural space has less impact in these media. Some architectural graphics techniques are closer to this purpose due to their nature. The main objective is to identify the visual qualities of the architectural space experience from a linear perspective. To do this, the research proposes the design of a visual pattern recognition tool and applies it to pairs of images (photography and drawing) from the same place. The results provide the strategy design based on five variables: the level of human presence, the distortion of perspective, the chromatic distortion, the overlay realism and the emphasis. Finally, the visual summaries lead to values that help to understand the communicative qualities of the experience of space due to their ability to compare main milestones of visual information.

This paper carefully explains Pirnia's theory regarding the orientation of traditional Iranian cities and buildings (Roon) and investigates the factors involved in this historic architectural phenomenon. For this purpose, 40 traditional Yazd Qajar houses were under study. Most of which are in the Rasteh Roon and close to the southwest direction, and only five contradict the direction that Pirnia had pointed. While the primeval data indicated the theory is strengthening, the investigation followed the fundamental factors behind this event. From the perspective of analysis and discussion on involved factors (climate, topography, aqueducts, urban arteries, politics, trade routes, privacy, noise, view, and religion), it turns out that the direction of the wind and sun had negligible impacts on this orientation, and architects of the Qajar era in Yazd old city did not care about these climate factors. It seems religious factors were more influential. Thus, despite being approvingly referenced in many scientific studies, Pirnia's orientation theory (Roon)—the efforts of past Iranian architects to orient buildings in a specific direction due to their unique knowledge of region and climate factors—becomes not solid.

This study aims to create a basis for sustainable conservation by identifying the heritage value of 166 Ikseon-dong. Based on old land registers and cadastral maps of the 1920s and 1930s, it interpreted the construction procedure, social background, and urban architectural characteristics of the road and plot subdivision of the modern Hanok district. Ikseon-dong Hanok produced four types of ground plans based on the grid-street system. This study argues that these innovative experiments have already been attempted through Bak Young-hyo's proposals in his Geonbaekseo and the architectural activities of Jeong Segwon, and that the idea of applying various housing types, layouts, and grid-street system planning was embodied through the development of the Hanok complex in Ikseon-dong. Further, this attempt greatly influenced the design of other Hanok complexes built in colonial Gyeongseong after 1936, taking the Ikseon-dong Hanok as a role model. The radiation of new perspectives will be a groundwork for the future sustainable conservation of heritage places.

This research paper examines the morphological transformation of the historic urban quarters (HUQ) adjacent to Maldah Patti in Dinajpur and provides guidelines for maintaining architectural continuity in new constructions. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, including historical research, physical surveys, user interviews, design ethnography, and participant experiences. The identified factors contributing to architectural degradation in HUQ adjacent to Maldah Patti in Dinajpur include economy-focused considerations, lack of awareness, municipal regulations, community sense, owner preferences, bureaucracy, and the architect's lack of knowledge. The study identified physical characteristics of historical structures in the HUQ, including location, ownership, present use, facade emphasis, style, and pedestrian experience. The study recommends balancing historical continuity and socio-economic development, designing elements to evoke historical ambience, acknowledging functionality and spatial constraints, ensuring client participation, paying attention to detail, taking inspiration from historic structures, deriving vertical and horizontal emphasis in the façade, facing trade-offs and compromises, giving importance to communication, and paying attention to security issues to achieve architectural continuity in HUQ.

This paper aims to characterize the varied urban settings community-based elderly care facilities are located, and examine whether characteristics of urban built environments influence the number of older people attending care facilities for multiple services. The dataset incorporates 108 cases of community-based elderly care facilities and usage records from over 17000 users collected in the Chinese city of Nanjing. A network-based approach was employed to comprehensively describe urban built environments surrounding care facilities with a series of metrics on street morphology and land-uses. It was found that urban built environments significantly influenced the number of users attending care facilities. Facilities having more users tended to locate in places with more shops and stores, on major arterial streets of the city, or inside large housing estates in the outer city. Moreover, urban factors performed differently in affecting users of different services as services accepting spontaneous users were more likely to be influenced by street morphology. This study revealed specific urban factors facilitating older people's usage of care resources. It also generated practical implications regarding the strategies for the planning of spatial locations and service provision to improve the utilization of community-based elderly care.

Construction material offcuts is a data problem that can largely be avoided by dimensional coordination during concept design. Besides the environmental benefits, early phase coordination is beneficial to the overall design process as it integrates information not typically considered until later in the design process. However, taking reality-changing actions is often challenged by uncertainty, time constraints, and lack of integration of available tools. Acknowledging the potential of computational design in enabling architects to manage design and coordination complexities and taking plasterboard opportunities for dimensional coordination, the paper presents a review and assessment of the existing methods to interrogate what, when, and how are these adaptable to the task. The study shows that ML-based methods outperform other methods and concludes that leveraging computational design powers to reduce offcuts is not a question of a tool, but one of a strategy. Eventually, the future steps to achieving such a strategy are discussed.

Chinese Traditional Maps and Local Chronicles serve as significant sources for investigating the urban history of ancient Chinese cities. These documents prioritize the abstract representation of topological relationships over precise numerical values and geometric shapes. This is consistent with the traditional Chinese city image and spatial schema emphasizing “harmony between man and nature”. Most Chinese Traditional Maps reflect a centripetal spatial schema, wherein the core area is located at the center, and other locations are positioned hierarchically about the center. Based on this data, this research aims to categorize and examine the development and evolution of the centripetal spatial schema in ancient Chinese cities by constructing a pedigree of types. The authors identify three types and summarize their causes, calculate the topological features, and reveal their correlations with the type of pedigree. This study reveals that cities with different centripetal forms exhibit regular differences in the accessibility, centrality, and functional attributes of central nodes, as well as the proportion of nodes with different attributes in the city. Overall, the conclusion aims to deepen people's understanding of traditional Chinese spatial concepts at the macro-urban level, particularly in the context of China's current urban renewal wave. Additionally, it provides practical references for inheriting and applying Chinese traditional construction wisdom.