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Current approaches and controversies: legalization and non-legalization of drugs 当前途径与争议:毒品合法化与非合法化
Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.31295/IJHMS.V2N1.85
Ailén Galano Estevez, Ana Hortensia Rodríguez Espinosa, Dilka Leyva Rodríguez, Thalia Fuentes Leyva
When a critical analysis to date has made of, the historical aspects related to the topic of drugs, we could distinguish the existence of contrary positions regarding the possibility of legalizing them or not legalizing them. This dilemma is a very topical and important issue since opting for one position or another has economic, political and social implications that are necessary to keep track of. Therefore, the present study aims to; evaluate the advantages and disadvantages that would imply the legalization and non-legalization of drugs. Scientific journals from five years ago have consulted to date, theses and dissertations on the subject, digital and printed books that appear in libraries. Personal communication has made with researchers in the area of ​​addictions. The main results were that the legalization of drugs is very dangerous for society due to its highly addictive and harmful effects on human beings. Likewise, specialists in addictions affirm that legalization can send the wrong message that consuming marijuana and other illegal drugs does not represent risks, which in turn can generate the wrong perception of safety and promote the promotion of consumption. In conclusion, the legalization would not mean the disappearance of the current drug lords, since prices would fall, but this would have compensated with a higher demand, which would increase the sales-consumption volume.
当对迄今为止与毒品主题有关的历史方面进行批判性分析时,我们可以区分关于使其合法化或不使其合法化的可能性的相反立场的存在。这种困境是一个非常热门和重要的问题,因为选择一个职位或另一个职位会产生经济、政治和社会影响,这是必须跟踪的。因此,本研究旨在;评估可能导致毒品合法化和非合法化的利弊。五年前的科学期刊至今都在咨询,关于这个主题的论文和论文,图书馆里出现的数字和印刷书籍。与成瘾领域的研究人员进行了个人交流。主要的结果是,毒品合法化对社会是非常危险的,因为它对人类具有高度成瘾性和有害的影响。同样,成瘾研究专家肯定,合法化会传递错误的信息,即吸食大麻和其他非法毒品并不代表风险,这反过来会产生错误的安全观念,并促进消费。最后,合法化并不意味着目前毒枭的消失,因为价格会下降,但这将以更高的需求作为补偿,从而增加销售-消费量。
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引用次数: 15
Human rabies epidemiology in Bali, Indonesia 印度尼西亚巴厘岛的人类狂犬病流行病学
Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.31295/IJHMS.V2N1.77
Ketut Santhia, W. Sudiasa
Epidemiological studies against human rabies have been conducted in Bali using data were obtained from Bali Provincial of Health Office reporting system, and then the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the results show domestic dog are main vectors of human transmission while cats, monkeys, and bats do not play an important role in the spread of human rabies in Bali. Similarly, there is no indication of human to human transmission during the incubation period after dog bites and rabies victim treatment in hospital. The frequency and the number of dog bites are likely related to the highly of dogs population density in the residential sector in the region. Dog bite cases showed the highest in 2010 (24.4%) and are likely to increase following the frequency of cycle dog breeding season occurs in March, and then give birth in July when approaching the peak of the dry season in August, following the mating season in October and breeding season in March, so the next cycle of the breeding season in July and mating season in October.
利用巴厘省卫生厅报告系统的数据对巴厘市人狂犬病流行病学进行了研究,并对数据进行描述性统计分析,结果表明,家犬是巴厘市人狂犬病传播的主要媒介,猫、猴和蝙蝠在巴厘市人狂犬病传播中起不重要作用。同样,在狗咬伤和狂犬病患者在医院接受治疗后的潜伏期内,没有迹象表明人与人之间的传播。犬咬伤的发生频率和数量可能与该地区居民区犬类密度较高有关。犬咬伤病例以2010年为最高(24.4%),且有可能随着3月犬繁殖季节的周期频率增加而增加,然后在8月接近旱季高峰时在7月分娩,随后是10月的交配季节和3月的繁殖季节,因此下一个周期为7月的繁殖季节和10月的交配季节。
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引用次数: 7
Immunological side in overtraining exercise 过度训练中的免疫方面
Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.31295/IJHMS.V2N1.52
M. K. W. Giri
The current paper is a kind of review study. It reviewed the immunological side in overtraining exercise. The method used in reviewing the content was a descriptive qualitative method. The review itself was based on theoretical views. As the results, it is stated that the beneficial effects of regular exercise on the prevention and therapy of lifestyle, related disease, has been established for a long time. However, it is often misinterpreted, so that people conduct the over-exercise activity. The overtraining, that is a phenomenon of conducting the exercise in excessive duration, frequencies, and intensity impacts the damage of myocardial. Furthermore, the complexity and pleiotropic effects of exercise remain an area of intense research. Therefore, in order to complete the frameworks of overtraining theory, future research, that is to confirm and to investigate pathomechanism of organs damage, is needed to be conducted.
本文是一种综述性研究。它回顾了过度训练中的免疫方面。在审查内容时使用的方法是描述性定性方法。这篇评论本身是基于理论观点。结果表明,长期以来,经常运动对预防和治疗生活方式相关疾病的有益作用已经确立。然而,它经常被误解,使人们进行过度锻炼的活动。过度训练是一种持续时间、频率和强度过大的运动现象,会对心肌造成损伤。此外,运动的复杂性和多效性仍然是一个深入研究的领域。因此,为了完善过度训练理论的框架,还需要进行进一步的研究,即确认和探讨器官损伤的病理机制。
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引用次数: 7
Effectiveness of Two Bioactive Restorative Materials in Dental Hard Tissues Remineralization as Indicated by Laser Fluorescence 激光荧光观察两种生物活性修复材料在牙硬组织再矿化中的效果
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2247-2452.19.18.1086
T. Alotibi, Y. El-Bouhi
Twenty extracted human sound premolars were selected and grouped into four groups and two class V cavity preparations, facial and lingual, were prepared at the cervical one-third of the crown of each tooth and extending into the root cementum to make a total of 40 cavities (n=10). The teeth were soaked in a demineralizing solution of pH 4.5 for 72 hours and a tooth surface conditioner was applied to remove remnants of the smear layer. Three laser fluorescence readings were recorded by DIAGNOdent pen for each cavity at enamel margin, dentin floor, and cementum margin. The groups were restored with four different restorative materials Cavit, temporary filling material (control), Ketac-Fil; a conventional glass-ionomer, and two bioactive restorative materials; Glass Carbomer and Biodentine. The restored teeth were stored in mineral water (37°C) for three weeks and brushed twice daily with Tooth Mousse toothpaste. The teeth were longitudinally cut into halves in the middle of the restorations and three DIAGNOdent pen readings were recorded at the same previous sites. Data were collected and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc-test at (pA‹Â‚0.05). The results showed a significant increase in DIAGNOdent pen readings after soaking in the demineralizing solution in all tooth hard tissues, while a significant decrease was noted after the application of the restorations and storage in the three groups, other than control, indicating that both examined bioactive restorative materials were suitable for enhancing remineralization and subsequently arresting the three-tooth hard tissues carious lesions as the conventional glass-ionomer.
选取20颗拔除的人声前磨牙,分为4组,分别在每颗牙冠的颈三分之一处和延伸至牙根骨质处制备面部和舌面两种V类空腔,共40个(n=10)。牙齿在pH为4.5的脱盐溶液中浸泡72小时,并使用牙齿表面调理剂去除残留的涂抹层。用诊断笔记录牙釉质边缘、牙本质底和牙骨质边缘每个空腔的3次激光荧光读数。各组采用4种不同的修复材料进行修复:Cavit、临时填充材料(对照)、Ketac-Fil;一种常规玻璃离聚体,和两种生物活性修复材料;玻璃卡波姆和生物登汀。修复后的牙齿在37°C的矿泉水中保存3周,每天用牙齿摩丝牙膏刷牙两次。在修复过程中,将牙齿纵向切成两半,并在相同的先前位置记录三个诊断笔读数。收集资料,采用单因素方差分析和Tukey事后检验(pA [Â, 0.05)进行统计学分析。结果显示,除对照组外,三组牙硬组织中浸泡脱矿液后的诊断笔读数均显著增加,而应用修复体和储存后的诊断笔读数均显著下降,表明所检测的生物活性修复材料与常规玻璃离聚体一样适合增强再矿化并随后阻止三牙硬组织龋齿病变。
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引用次数: 0
Oxidative Stress and Dyslipidemia as Indicators of Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Sudanese Women 氧化应激和血脂异常是苏丹孕妇子痫前期发病机制的指标
Pub Date : 2018-07-05 DOI: 10.4236/jbm.2018.67005
Hafiz Ahmed Hobiel, H. Tadros
Background/purpose: Pre-eclampsia contributes remarkably to maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hyperlipidemia in preeclampsia has been studied in relation to several factors. The objective of this study was to determine the role of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia as indicators in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional (case-control) study conducted to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and dyslipidemia as indicators of pathogenesis and risks of preeclampsia in pregnant Sudanese women attending Wad- Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital. Result and conclusion: pregnant with an increase in BMI have a higher chance of developing PE. Low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol define that dyslipidemia increasing the risk of PE. Decreased levels of NO and TAC might reflect the oxidative stress and likely contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of PE.
背景/目的:先兆子痫对孕产妇、胎儿和新生儿的发病率和死亡率有显著影响。子痫前期的高脂血症与几个因素有关。本研究的目的是确定氧化应激和血脂异常在先兆子痫发病机制中的作用。患者和方法:这是一项横断面(病例对照)研究,旨在评估在Wad-Medani妇产科教学医院就诊的苏丹孕妇中,氧化应激和血脂异常作为先兆子痫发病机制和风险指标的作用。结果和结论:BMI升高的孕妇发生PE的几率更高。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低和低密度脂蛋白蛋白胆固醇水平高表明血脂异常增加了PE的风险。NO和TAC水平降低可能反映了氧化应激,并可能参与PE的病理生理机制。
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引用次数: 2
Myasthenia Gravis, Thymoma, and Thymectomy: The Clinical Interplay 重症肌无力、胸腺瘤和胸腺切除术的临床干预
Pub Date : 2018-04-15 DOI: 10.5455/IJCBR.2018.42.17
S. Oyewole, D. Otohinoyi, Tolu Akinfisoye, Ibukun Oshobu, A. Babatunde, Esther Olunu, A. Fakoya
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that places patients in debilitating condition. It currently affects 14 to 20 per 100,000 population. Its pathogenesis involves the destruction of acetylcholine receptor by antibodies produced by lymphocytes in the thymus gland. Symptoms could vary from impair extraocular muscles to generalized weakness. The antibodies have also been reported to affect other muscle structure within the body such as cardiomyocytes, leading to arrhythmia episodes which could be fatal. This review is a student project and involves the assessment of myasthenia gravis and the interplay between thymoma and thymectomy.
重症肌无力是一种自身免疫性疾病,使患者处于衰弱状态。目前,每10万人口中有14至20人受到影响。其发病机制涉及胸腺淋巴细胞产生的抗体对乙酰胆碱受体的破坏。症状可能从损害眼外肌肉到全身无力不等。据报道,这些抗体还会影响体内的其他肌肉结构,如心肌细胞,导致心律失常发作,这可能是致命的。这篇综述是一个学生项目,涉及重症肌无力的评估以及胸腺瘤和胸腺切除术之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Adipokinetic hormone/Red pigment-concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family of peptides for uterus contraction 脂肪运动激素/红色色素浓缩激素(AKH/RPCH)家族多肽对子宫收缩的影响
Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1254/jpssuppl.wcp2018.0_po1-6-4
G. Ulak, O. Mutlu, P. Tanyeri, Nermin Akdemir, M. Buyukokuroglu, F. Akar, F. Erden
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引用次数: 0
Development and evaluation of poly-herbal formulation for the treatment of obesity 治疗肥胖的多草药配方的开发与评价
Pub Date : 2017-12-12 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1459-C1-023
Divya Maheta Dhaval Patel Chetan Borkhataria Ravi Manek, Roochi Aghera
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引用次数: 2
Impact of Predisposing Factors on Academic Stress among Pre-Service Teachers 职前教师学业压力倾向因素的影响
Pub Date : 2017-12-10 DOI: 10.36678/IJMAES.2017.V03I04.001
Pershaanbala Balakrishnan, S. Bahari, Jibi Paul
Background: Many studies have been done on stress among educators. Teachers, lecturers, and tutors all over the world has been brought into attention when it comes to stress related issues. Our purpose was to investigate the level of academic stress among pre-service teachers in a teaching education institution in Perak, Malaysia. Methods: In this study a cross-sectional comparative survey study was conducted on pre-service teachers from a teacher education institution. The variables that was tested and correlated throughout the study are age, gender, and marital status, and medical history, influence of medications, exercise and social lifestyle. Data was collected through questionnaires to find out the outcome. Descriptive data analysis was used to describe the socio-demographic data. Correlation analysis was used to determine the significant relation between the variables. P<0.05 was considered as significant of the study. Results: Majority of the students, 78.4% represent the severe category of distress according to the Kessler scale. The remaining 13.6% were recorded as being under mild and 7.6% (n=19) under moderate category of distress. Regrettably, less than 1% (n=1) of the pre-service teachers were from the well category. Exercise was found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of severe psychological distress. Simple logistic regressions showed that pre-service teachers who exercised had a significant 91% reduced risk for psychological distress (OR=0.09; 95% CI=0.02, 0.35) compared to those who doesn’t exercise. Conclusion: At the end of this study, a better understanding on the predisposing factors of academic stress among pre-service teachers was determined and therefore interventions on coping with stress can be made simple. Various physiotherapy interventions on preventive and corrective measures were suggested with reference to the results.
背景:许多关于教育工作者压力的研究已经完成。当涉及到与压力相关的问题时,世界各地的教师、讲师和导师都受到了关注。我们的目的是调查马来西亚霹雳州一所教学教育机构的职前教师的学业压力水平。方法:采用横断面比较调查方法,对某师范院校的职前教师进行调查。在整个研究中,测试和关联的变量包括年龄、性别、婚姻状况、病史、药物影响、锻炼和社交生活方式。通过问卷调查收集数据以了解结果。描述性数据分析用于描述社会人口统计数据。相关分析用于确定变量之间的显著关系。P<0.05被认为是本研究的显著性。结果:根据Kessler量表,大多数学生(78.4%)属于严重痛苦类别。其余13.6%被记录为轻度痛苦,7.6%(n=19)被记录为中度痛苦。令人遗憾的是,只有不到1%(n=1)的职前教师来自良好类别。研究发现,运动与严重心理困扰的发生率显著相关。简单的逻辑回归显示,与不锻炼的教师相比,锻炼的职前教师发生心理困扰的风险显著降低91%(OR=0.09;95%CI=0.02,0.35)。结论:在本研究的最后,确定了职前教师对学业压力诱发因素的更好理解,因此可以简化应对压力的干预措施。参考研究结果,提出了各种预防和纠正措施的物理治疗干预措施。
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引用次数: 4
Pilomatrixoma in the Parotid Region - A Case Report 腮腺区毛基质瘤1例报告
Pub Date : 2017-07-20 DOI: 10.20546/ijcrar.2017.507.005
Meena Patil, R. Swami
Pilomatrixoma is a relatively benign cutaneous adnexal neoplasm with differentiation towards the matrix and inner sheath of a normal hair follicle as well as hair cortex. It is commonly seen in head and neck region. We present a case of 49-year-old female presenting with a swelling in the preauricular region. She was referred for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). On aspiration, smears showed picture of benign salivary gland neoplasm. However, histopathological diagnosis was pilomatrixoma.
毛囊基质瘤是一种相对良性的皮肤附件肿瘤,向正常毛囊的基质和内鞘以及毛皮层分化。它常见于头颈部。我们提出一个49岁的女性的情况下,提出了一个肿胀在耳前区域。她被转介做细针吸细胞学检查(FNAC)。痰涂片示良性唾液腺肿瘤。然而,组织病理学诊断为毛基质瘤。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences
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