Mohamed Abdalla Elsayed Hassan, Konstantina Zerva, S. Aulet
World Heritage Sites (WHSs) are perceived as significant tourism brands. However, there is no in-depth analysis of the intangible meaning of World Heritage (WH) cultural attraction types from the visitor’s lens. This study employed text mining and a Brand Personality (BP) lexical approach using WH personality categories to identify types of cultural attractions with intangible meanings in WHSs located in seven countries in Asia and the Pacific and Europe. This enabled the WH personality category distribution for each type of WH cultural attraction found on TripAdvisor to be measured. Accordingly, 9,971 visitor-generated reviews were analyzed and fifteen WHS cultural attraction types in the seven countries identified. The relationships between WH personality categories, the seven countries and WH attraction types were analyzed, and attraction types clustered into four groups. Significant differences were found between Asia and the Pacific and Europe regarding WH personality category distribution.
{"title":"Brand personality positioning of world heritage sites: A text mining approach","authors":"Mohamed Abdalla Elsayed Hassan, Konstantina Zerva, S. Aulet","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.2923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.2923","url":null,"abstract":"World Heritage Sites (WHSs) are perceived as significant tourism brands. However, there is no in-depth analysis of the intangible meaning of World Heritage (WH) cultural attraction types from the visitor’s lens. This study employed text mining and a Brand Personality (BP) lexical approach using WH personality categories to identify types of cultural attractions with intangible meanings in WHSs located in seven countries in Asia and the Pacific and Europe. This enabled the WH personality category distribution for each type of WH cultural attraction found on TripAdvisor to be measured. Accordingly, 9,971 visitor-generated reviews were analyzed and fifteen WHS cultural attraction types in the seven countries identified. The relationships between WH personality categories, the seven countries and WH attraction types were analyzed, and attraction types clustered into four groups. Significant differences were found between Asia and the Pacific and Europe regarding WH personality category distribution.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48303875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even though research on tourists’ psychological responses to terrorism is substantial, it largely ignores on-site cognitive assessments and emotional responses. As a result, little is known about how location-related factors influence these responses. The present study intended to address these gaps in the context of urban tourism. Therefore, it aimed to evaluate on-site tourists’ psychological responses to terrorism in a city destination, while the emphasis was on identifying location-related factors that influence them. The study was based on framework analysis of fear-arousing walking interviews with foreign tourists (n = 24) in the city centre of Munich, Germany. Many participants self-reported the absence of fear of terrorism. However, all participants appraised terrorist attacks as possible within the city centre. The perceived probability varied among participants and visited sites. The differences can be explained by 12 identified location-related factors, of which the number of people and antiterrorism measures were key. Other factors, such as the way participants comprehended terrorism, also influenced their psychological responses to it. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
{"title":"Tourists’ psychological responses to terrorism: Framework analysis of fear-arousing walking interviews from the city centre of Munich, Germany","authors":"T. Krajňák, Jiří Vágner, Jürgen Schmude","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.2765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.2765","url":null,"abstract":"Even though research on tourists’ psychological responses to terrorism is substantial, it largely ignores on-site cognitive assessments and emotional responses. As a result, little is known about how location-related factors influence these responses. The present study intended to address these gaps in the context of urban tourism. Therefore, it aimed to evaluate on-site tourists’ psychological responses to terrorism in a city destination, while the emphasis was on identifying location-related factors that influence them. The study was based on framework analysis of fear-arousing walking interviews with foreign tourists (n = 24) in the city centre of Munich, Germany. Many participants self-reported the absence of fear of terrorism. However, all participants appraised terrorist attacks as possible within the city centre. The perceived probability varied among participants and visited sites. The differences can be explained by 12 identified location-related factors, of which the number of people and antiterrorism measures were key. Other factors, such as the way participants comprehended terrorism, also influenced their psychological responses to it. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariia Bordian, I. Gil‐Saura, M. Šerić, Gloria Berenguer-Contrí
Sustainability challenges have been recognised as research priorities in marketing and services. This work seeks to observe how Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) for sustainability affects satisfaction and loyalty, both directly and indirectly, i.e., through the ecological knowledge of the guest. In addition, it attempts to analyse whether the sequence of modelled effects changes according to the country of origin, retaining two different nation/culture contexts: Spain and Ukraine. To test the hypotheses of the proposed theoretical model, the PLS- SEM technique was used based on 611 responses from consumers staying in hotels (254 in Ukraine and 357 in Spain). The results reveal IMC for sustainability exerts a positive impact on guest ecological knowledge, satisfaction, and loyalty. Finally, the country of origin of hotel guests and the cultural traits associated with it moderate the direct effects of IMC, ecological knowledge, and satisfaction on loyalty. These findings lead to important implications for the management of tourism companies.
{"title":"Effects of integrated marketing communication for sustainability and ecological knowledge: A cross-cultural approach in hospitality","authors":"Mariia Bordian, I. Gil‐Saura, M. Šerić, Gloria Berenguer-Contrí","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3070","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability challenges have been recognised as research priorities in marketing and services. This work seeks to observe how Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) for sustainability affects satisfaction and loyalty, both directly and indirectly, i.e., through the ecological knowledge of the guest. In addition, it attempts to analyse whether the sequence of modelled effects changes according to the country of origin, retaining two different nation/culture contexts: Spain and Ukraine. To test the hypotheses of the proposed theoretical model, the PLS- SEM technique was used based on 611 responses from consumers staying in hotels (254 in Ukraine and 357 in Spain). The results reveal IMC for sustainability exerts a positive impact on guest ecological knowledge, satisfaction, and loyalty. Finally, the country of origin of hotel guests and the cultural traits associated with it moderate the direct effects of IMC, ecological knowledge, and satisfaction on loyalty. These findings lead to important implications for the management of tourism companies.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gallarza, I. Gil‐Saura, Francisco Arteaga-Moreno
Service-dominant logic (SDL) and the concept of customer value (CCV) are both phenomenological approaches to value creation, deeply applied to tourism services. Conceptual and empirical models linking CCV value types (efficiency, excellence, status, esteem, play, aesthetics, ethics, escapism) and SDL actors (firm, employees, and customers) are tested (340 hotels’ guests). We build higher-order indexes with PLS to test interactivity and contextuality. Indexes of value proposition (firm), value offering (employees) and perceived-value-in-use (consumer) are combined into a reflective-formative-formative index (experiential co-created value). Results show balanced integration of the three actors, positive effect of travel frequency, negative of educational level, and non- significant for gender.
{"title":"Bridging service dominant logic and the concept of customer value through higher order indexes: Insights from hospitality experiences","authors":"M. Gallarza, I. Gil‐Saura, Francisco Arteaga-Moreno","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3104","url":null,"abstract":"Service-dominant logic (SDL) and the concept of customer value (CCV) are both phenomenological approaches to value creation, deeply applied to tourism services. Conceptual and empirical models linking CCV value types (efficiency, excellence, status, esteem, play, aesthetics, ethics, escapism) and SDL actors (firm, employees, and customers) are tested (340 hotels’ guests). We build higher-order indexes with PLS to test interactivity and contextuality. Indexes of value proposition (firm), value offering (employees) and perceived-value-in-use (consumer) are combined into a reflective-formative-formative index (experiential co-created value). Results show balanced integration of the three actors, positive effect of travel frequency, negative of educational level, and non- significant for gender.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the COVID-19 pandemic, platform-mediated short-term rentals are believed to have performed better than traditional tourism accommodation due to tourist preferences and the possibility of evading some sanitary regulations. The paper investigates this difference in 31 European countries by combining conventional hotel statistics with novel data on short-stay accommodation (SSA) gathered by Eurostat from four major platforms mediating in home rentals. The first hypothesis that short-term rental accommodation lost fewer tourists during the pandemic than hotels is supported if domestic tourism is concerned. The second hypothesis that the loss of tourists in short-term rental accommodation was less dependent on the stringency of restrictions than in hotels is only confirmed for domestic tourism in small, primarily outbound tourism-generating countries. The study results shed light on the pandemic-induced travel substitution, discussion on the regulation of short-term rentals, and the utility of Eurostat SSA statistics as a new research data source.
{"title":"COVID-resistant domestic short-term rentals in Europe","authors":"C. Adamiak","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3166","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, platform-mediated short-term rentals are believed to have performed better than traditional tourism accommodation due to tourist preferences and the possibility of evading some sanitary regulations. The paper investigates this difference in 31 European countries by combining conventional hotel statistics with novel data on short-stay accommodation (SSA) gathered by Eurostat from four major platforms mediating in home rentals. The first hypothesis that short-term rental accommodation lost fewer tourists during the pandemic than hotels is supported if domestic tourism is concerned. The second hypothesis that the loss of tourists in short-term rental accommodation was less dependent on the stringency of restrictions than in hotels is only confirmed for domestic tourism in small, primarily outbound tourism-generating countries. The study results shed light on the pandemic-induced travel substitution, discussion on the regulation of short-term rentals, and the utility of Eurostat SSA statistics as a new research data source.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46589224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Conde, S. Caldeira, I. Rêgo, Tânia Botelho, O. Silva, Áurea Sousa Toledo de Sousa, P. Mota
The present work undertakes a systematic review of the literature and research on the subject, using the PRISMA- P guidelines. The research was carried out in five electronic databases. It was found that there are few publications on inclusive tourism aimed at families with children with diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (n=11). Most of them are qualitative studies. They focus on the needs of families, from which they draw implications in terms of necessary practical responses. Except for a study on the airport context, there are no studies that seek to empirically validate responses or tourist products. The need for empirical validation of tourist offers that are truly inclusive and beneficial to the psychological well-being of families and children is discussed. Some important guidelines/evidence that must be met in inclusive tourism aimed at this population are highlighted.
{"title":"Inclusive tourism and children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders: Systematic review of the literature","authors":"A. R. Conde, S. Caldeira, I. Rêgo, Tânia Botelho, O. Silva, Áurea Sousa Toledo de Sousa, P. Mota","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.2806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.2806","url":null,"abstract":"The present work undertakes a systematic review of the literature and research on the subject, using the PRISMA- P guidelines. The research was carried out in five electronic databases. It was found that there are few publications on inclusive tourism aimed at families with children with diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (n=11). Most of them are qualitative studies. They focus on the needs of families, from which they draw implications in terms of necessary practical responses. Except for a study on the airport context, there are no studies that seek to empirically validate responses or tourist products. The need for empirical validation of tourist offers that are truly inclusive and beneficial to the psychological well-being of families and children is discussed. Some important guidelines/evidence that must be met in inclusive tourism aimed at this population are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper develops four Stackelberg game models to explore the hotels-online travel agencies relationships to demonstrate unique optimal solutions under circumstances of non-cooperative decentralization. The specific Stackelberg game models are divided elementally into leaders and followers according to the roles played; and, they may be further sub-divided according to the types of decision variables involving commission rates and room rates. Results show that two of the four Stackelberg models used to determine the optimal commission rates and room rates exist. In the first model, the online travel agency, acting as the leader, determines the commission rate; and, the hotel, acting as the follower, determines the room rate. A unique optimal commission rate and room rate is therefore evident. In the second model, the hotel acting as the leader determines the commission rate and the online travel agency acting as the follower determines the room rate. Optimal commission rate and room rate exist as well. This business model has yet to be explored in future research.
{"title":"Unique optimal solutions under circumstances of non-cooperative decentralization: Four Stackelberg game models applied to hotel- online travel agency channels","authors":"Chi-Jen Chen","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3057","url":null,"abstract":"The paper develops four Stackelberg game models to explore the hotels-online travel agencies relationships to demonstrate unique optimal solutions under circumstances of non-cooperative decentralization. The specific Stackelberg game models are divided elementally into leaders and followers according to the roles played; and, they may be further sub-divided according to the types of decision variables involving commission rates and room rates. Results show that two of the four Stackelberg models used to determine the optimal commission rates and room rates exist. In the first model, the online travel agency, acting as the leader, determines the commission rate; and, the hotel, acting as the follower, determines the room rate. A unique optimal commission rate and room rate is therefore evident. In the second model, the hotel acting as the leader determines the commission rate and the online travel agency acting as the follower determines the room rate. Optimal commission rate and room rate exist as well. This business model has yet to be explored in future research.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43994760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work studies the determinants of the length of stay for different categories of tourists who visit five destinations in Southern Sardinia. For this purpose, primary data were collected during the summer season 2019. The full sample is analysed first, then the study proceeds with sub-samples comparing seniors with young, women with men, and Italians with foreigners. All estimates are performed using ordinary least squares and zero truncated negative binomial estimators. At the whole-sample level, the results align with the existing literature, with only a few exceptions regarding some destination-specific variables. At the sub-sample level, interesting differences emerge between groups. Therefore, the subsample analysis turns essential to get clearer insights on the determinants of the length of stay, which has important implications for tourism scholars, destination marketing organizations, and local development authorities.
{"title":"Can five sun-and-sand Sardinian destinations host longer visits?","authors":"Carla Massidda, Romano Piras","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v35i.3088","url":null,"abstract":"This work studies the determinants of the length of stay for different categories of tourists who visit five destinations in Southern Sardinia. For this purpose, primary data were collected during the summer season 2019. The full sample is analysed first, then the study proceeds with sub-samples comparing seniors with young, women with men, and Italians with foreigners. All estimates are performed using ordinary least squares and zero truncated negative binomial estimators. At the whole-sample level, the results align with the existing literature, with only a few exceptions regarding some destination-specific variables. At the sub-sample level, interesting differences emerge between groups. Therefore, the subsample analysis turns essential to get clearer insights on the determinants of the length of stay, which has important implications for tourism scholars, destination marketing organizations, and local development authorities.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the limited number of studies on the early detection of crises and insolvencies in the tourism industry, there are several research gaps. Therefore, this study analyzes which financial and non-financial variables significantly influence the financial distress of the tourism businesses (hotels and restaurants) in Austria. The resource-based and network-based views were used as theoretical foundations to determine which variables influence the probability of financial distress, with a total of 776 observations from 2005 to 2015 inclusive. The results show that variables describing the endogenous unsystematic risk of tourism businesses (firm-specific level and destination level) make the greatest contribution to explaining financial distress, while exogenous unsystematic and exogenous systematic risk variables show little or no relevance.
{"title":"Financial distress in the Austrian tourism industry: hotels and restaurants analysis","authors":"Mario Situm","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2992","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the limited number of studies on the early detection of crises and insolvencies in the tourism industry, there are several research gaps. Therefore, this study analyzes which financial and non-financial variables significantly influence the financial distress of the tourism businesses (hotels and restaurants) in Austria. The resource-based and network-based views were used as theoretical foundations to determine which variables influence the probability of financial distress, with a total of 776 observations from 2005 to 2015 inclusive. The results show that variables describing the endogenous unsystematic risk of tourism businesses (firm-specific level and destination level) make the greatest contribution to explaining financial distress, while exogenous unsystematic and exogenous systematic risk variables show little or no relevance.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48378799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The general objective of this study is to explore and identify the perception about Romania as a tourist destination based on travellers’ blogs; we therefore aim to explore and identify the main elements of the image of Romania as a tourist destination based on these blogs. Data were collected manually during May 2021 using the search keywords “travel blogs” and “Romania” on the Google search engine (201 entries). Further, both a word frequency analysis (quantitative), and a content analysis (qualitative) were conducted to ascertain which places are most frequently mentioned in tourists’ travel posts, and the words most often used to describe their experience. The results shown that both destination-specific and primary image attributes are essential to understand visitors’ perceptions through travel blogs. Managerial and practical implications also emerge for tourism managers to improve the destination image of Romania.
{"title":"Using travel blogs to explore the image of Romania as an emerging tourism destination","authors":"C. Lupu, A. Rodrigues, M. Gallarza","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2566","url":null,"abstract":"The general objective of this study is to explore and identify the perception about Romania as a tourist destination based on travellers’ blogs; we therefore aim to explore and identify the main elements of the image of Romania as a tourist destination based on these blogs. Data were collected manually during May 2021 using the search keywords “travel blogs” and “Romania” on the Google search engine (201 entries). Further, both a word frequency analysis (quantitative), and a content analysis (qualitative) were conducted to ascertain which places are most frequently mentioned in tourists’ travel posts, and the words most often used to describe their experience. The results shown that both destination-specific and primary image attributes are essential to understand visitors’ perceptions through travel blogs. Managerial and practical implications also emerge for tourism managers to improve the destination image of Romania.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41505993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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