{"title":"Analysis of the effects of service quality on customer satisfaction toward sustainable development of tourism in Kosovo","authors":"Alban Fejza","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3107","url":null,"abstract":"This","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
of Chapter 6. A Study On How Food Colour May Determine The Categorization Of A Dish: Predicting Meal Appeal From Colour Combinations
的第 6 章。关于食物颜色如何决定菜肴分类的研究：从颜色组合预测菜肴的吸引力
{"title":"Gastronomic tourist experience through the colour of food","authors":"V. Casales-Garcia","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3510","url":null,"abstract":"of Chapter 6. A Study On How Food Colour May Determine The Categorization Of A Dish: Predicting Meal Appeal From Colour Combinations","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Gallarza, Cristina Lupu, Justine Barton-Harvey
This work aims to a) analyze the tourist experience of Erasmus students in terms of place attachment and b) explore their potential to act as destination brand ambassadors of a hosting destination. It builds on previous literature of international students as tourists, with a wider scope as more publics are involved and both current and future behaviours are explored. Through a qualitative approach run in Valencia (Spain) with three techniques (focus groups, open-ended questions, and personal in-depth interview) we gather information from four stakeholders (current and former Erasmus students, academic coordinators, and students’ tourism managers). By using verbal content analysis, this varied information was coded to answer five research questions. The results revealed accordance among stakeholders around four interconnected dimensions: academic, social, cultural, and personal or psychological. Insights on cognitive and affective place attachment are found, and on both behavioural (returning) and attitudinal (recommending) loyalty. Results from a multi-stakeholder perspective offers insights on the potential of Erasmus students for spreading substantial positive word-of-mouth to more publics than just other students. Building up on the theory of university alumni as a repeat visitor, this paper brings subjective impressions that can help tourist managers to consider Erasmus students as brand ambassadors as they show attitudinal and behavioural loyalty.
这项研究旨在 a) 分析伊拉斯谟学生在地方依恋方面的旅游体验，b) 探索他们作为接待目的地品牌大使的潜力。该研究以以往关于留学生作为游客的文献为基础，涉及范围更广，因为涉及的公众更多，而且对当前和未来的行为都进行了探讨。通过在巴伦西亚（西班牙）开展的定性研究，我们采用了三种技术（焦点小组、开放式问题和个人深度访谈），从四个利益相关方（伊拉斯谟在校生和往届生、学术协调员和学生旅游经理）那里收集信息。通过口头内容分析，我们对这些不同的信息进行了编码，以回答五个研究问题。研究结果表明，利益相关者在学术、社会、文化、个人或心理等四个相互关联的维度上的看法是一致的。对认知和情感上的地方依恋，以及行为（返回）和态度（推荐）上的忠诚度都有深入的了解。从多方利益相关者的角度得出的结果为伊拉斯谟学生向更多公众（而不仅仅是其他学生）传播大量积极口碑的潜力提供了启示。本文以大学校友作为回头客的理论为基础，提出了有助于旅游管理者将伊拉斯谟学生视为品牌大使的主观印象，因为他们表现出态度和行为上的忠诚。
{"title":"Erasmus-driven destination experience and students’ ambassadorship behaviour: A multi-stakeholder perspective","authors":"Martina Gallarza, Cristina Lupu, Justine Barton-Harvey","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.2974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.2974","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to a) analyze the tourist experience of Erasmus students in terms of place attachment and b) explore their potential to act as destination brand ambassadors of a hosting destination. It builds on previous literature of international students as tourists, with a wider scope as more publics are involved and both current and future behaviours are explored. Through a qualitative approach run in Valencia (Spain) with three techniques (focus groups, open-ended questions, and personal in-depth interview) we gather information from four stakeholders (current and former Erasmus students, academic coordinators, and students’ tourism managers). By using verbal content analysis, this varied information was coded to answer five research questions. The results revealed accordance among stakeholders around four interconnected dimensions: academic, social, cultural, and personal or psychological. Insights on cognitive and affective place attachment are found, and on both behavioural (returning) and attitudinal (recommending) loyalty. Results from a multi-stakeholder perspective offers insights on the potential of Erasmus students for spreading substantial positive word-of-mouth to more publics than just other students. Building up on the theory of university alumni as a repeat visitor, this paper brings subjective impressions that can help tourist managers to consider Erasmus students as brand ambassadors as they show attitudinal and behavioural loyalty.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Perles-Ribes, Ana Ramón Rodríguez, T. Torregrosa, Martín Sevilla Jiménez
This article proposes and theoretically develops the Real Estate Growth Hypothesis concept. It empirically investigates the connection between the expansion of tourism and the progress of real estate in Calp, an established tourist hotspot situated on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Using annual data for the period 1967-2019 and a time series methodology that considers the possible nonlinearity of the relationship, the article draws conclusions from local and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that tourism causes real estate development, but only in the case of positive shocks. In view of this result, practical implications are outlined, and suggestions are made for managing tourist destinations.
{"title":"The real estate growth hypothesis in tourism destinations","authors":"J. Perles-Ribes, Ana Ramón Rodríguez, T. Torregrosa, Martín Sevilla Jiménez","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3236","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes and theoretically develops the Real Estate Growth Hypothesis concept. It empirically investigates the connection between the expansion of tourism and the progress of real estate in Calp, an established tourist hotspot situated on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Using annual data for the period 1967-2019 and a time series methodology that considers the possible nonlinearity of the relationship, the article draws conclusions from local and long-term perspectives. The results indicate that tourism causes real estate development, but only in the case of positive shocks. In view of this result, practical implications are outlined, and suggestions are made for managing tourist destinations.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarida Ferreira da Silva, Filomena Martins, Carlos Costa, Cristina Pita
Understanding visitors’ actual behaviour is key for tourist destinations to define strategies for different subgroups of experience-based visitors. The few studies that have analysed the influence of the intensity of visitors’ on-site experience on the formation of destination image also considered intentions and did not analyse its influence on loyalty. Also, existing research on previous experience with the destination or experiential familiarity has considered repeat visitors as a homogeneous group and failed to identify different patterns of experience. This study aims to overcome these gaps by grouping visitors based on their degree of experience (i.e., previous and on- site experience related to coastal and maritime cultural heritage activities) and ascertaining the extent to which a) the impressions of the destination and b) degree of loyalty of the visitors in subgroups differ. The sample included 720 questionnaires from domestic and international visitors in Aveiro, Portugal, leading to three groups with varying degrees of past and on-site experience: “destination enthusiasts”, “destination and heritage enthusiasts” and “destination and heritage discoverers”, thus supporting the intersection of these variables as valid for market segmentation. All groups presented dissimilar cognitive images and different levels of loyalty, but no differences were found in the affective image.
了解游客的实际行为是旅游目的地为不同的体验型游客群体制定战略的关键。少数研究分析了游客现场体验强度对目的地形象形成的影响，这些研究也考虑了游客的意图，但没有分析其对忠诚度的影响。此外，现有的关于目的地先前体验或体验熟悉度的研究将回头客视为一个同质群体，未能识别不同的体验模式。本研究旨在克服这些不足，根据游客的经验程度（即与沿海和海洋文化遗产活动相关的以往经验和现场经验）对游客进行分组，并确定 a) 分组游客对目的地的印象和 b) 分组游客忠诚度的不同程度。样本包括来自葡萄牙阿威罗的国内外游客的 720 份调查问卷，由此产生了三个具有不同程度的过去和现场经验的群体："目的地爱好者"、"目的地和遗产爱好者 "以及 "目的地和遗产发现者"，从而支持将这些变量交叉起来进行市场细分。所有群体都呈现出不同的认知形象和不同的忠诚度，但在情感形象方面没有发现差异。
{"title":"Visitors’ experience in a coastal heritage context: A segmentation analysis and its influence on in situ destination image and loyalty","authors":"Margarida Ferreira da Silva, Filomena Martins, Carlos Costa, Cristina Pita","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3238","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding visitors’ actual behaviour is key for tourist destinations to define strategies for different subgroups of experience-based visitors. The few studies that have analysed the influence of the intensity of visitors’ on-site experience on the formation of destination image also considered intentions and did not analyse its influence on loyalty. Also, existing research on previous experience with the destination or experiential familiarity has considered repeat visitors as a homogeneous group and failed to identify different patterns of experience. This study aims to overcome these gaps by grouping visitors based on their degree of experience (i.e., previous and on- site experience related to coastal and maritime cultural heritage activities) and ascertaining the extent to which a) the impressions of the destination and b) degree of loyalty of the visitors in subgroups differ. The sample included 720 questionnaires from domestic and international visitors in Aveiro, Portugal, leading to three groups with varying degrees of past and on-site experience: “destination enthusiasts”, “destination and heritage enthusiasts” and “destination and heritage discoverers”, thus supporting the intersection of these variables as valid for market segmentation. All groups presented dissimilar cognitive images and different levels of loyalty, but no differences were found in the affective image.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proactivity in the management of sport events is essential to maximise environmental benefits for the host communities through strategic leverage. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the process of strategic environmental leverage in an international nature-based non-mega event of sport tourism (Sintra PRO 2022 - stage of the IBC World Bodyboarding Tour) by means of action research. Data collection combined several methods and sources, namely, document research, nominal group sessions, field observation, and interviews conducted with organisers and partners of the event. Three actions, which synergistically linked the environmental values of community projects and the sport subculture, were implemented in order to focus stakeholders' attention on the environmental topics. The availability of local resources and the involvement of the network of local partners facilitated the implementation of environmental leverage. On the other hand, the lack of communication between those involved in the operationalisation and promotion of environmental leverage actions was a constraint in the process. This study highlights several implications for environmental leverage in sport events, as well as for the applicability of the environmental leverage model to promote strategic planning and the implementation of the resulting strategic environmental leverage actions in sport events.
体育赛事管理的主动性对于通过战略杠杆为主办社区带来最大环境效益至关重要。因此，本研究旨在通过行动研究的方式，了解一项以自然为基础的国际体育旅游非大型赛事（辛特拉 PRO 2022--IBC 世界单板滑雪巡回赛的赛段）的环境战略杠杆作用过程。数据收集结合了多种方法和来源，即文件研究、名义小组会议、实地观察以及与赛事组织者和合作伙伴的访谈。实施了三项行动，将社区项目的环境价值与体育亚文化协同联系起来，以便将利益相关者的注意力集中到环境主题上。当地资源的可用性和当地合作伙伴网络的参与促进了环境杠杆的实施。另一方面，在环境杠杆行动的实施和推广过程中，参与方之间缺乏沟通也是一个制约因素。本研究强调了体育赛事中环境杠杆作用的若干影响，以及环境杠杆作用模型在促进体育赛事 战略规划和实施由此产生的环境杠杆作用战略行动方面的适用性。
{"title":"Strategic environmental leverage of a sport tourism event: Approaching the global challenge locally","authors":"Rute Martins, Elsa Pereira, Margarida Mascarenhas","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3528","url":null,"abstract":"The proactivity in the management of sport events is essential to maximise environmental benefits for the host communities through strategic leverage. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the process of strategic environmental leverage in an international nature-based non-mega event of sport tourism (Sintra PRO 2022 - stage of the IBC World Bodyboarding Tour) by means of action research. Data collection combined several methods and sources, namely, document research, nominal group sessions, field observation, and interviews conducted with organisers and partners of the event. Three actions, which synergistically linked the environmental values of community projects and the sport subculture, were implemented in order to focus stakeholders' attention on the environmental topics. The availability of local resources and the involvement of the network of local partners facilitated the implementation of environmental leverage. On the other hand, the lack of communication between those involved in the operationalisation and promotion of environmental leverage actions was a constraint in the process. This study highlights several implications for environmental leverage in sport events, as well as for the applicability of the environmental leverage model to promote strategic planning and the implementation of the resulting strategic environmental leverage actions in sport events.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study focuses on diasporic medical tourism (DMT), an offshoot of migration-led tourism and medical tourism. There has been growing recognition of the significance of a diasporic dimension of medical tourism worldwide, yet little is known about these travellers, especially quantitatively. This paper examines the antecedents and behavioural intention of the DMT by applying the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three European countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) among the Polish diaspora (N=1,288), which constitutes one of the largest migrant populations in Europe. The results analysed via PLS-SEM demonstrated that the model explained 53 % of the variance (R²= 0.527, Q²= 0.392), indicating a good model fit. Constructs of Attitude (β = 0.329), Subjective Norms (β = 0.277), Perceived Behavioural Control (β = 0.112), and Past Behaviour (β = 0.302) were all statistically significant. The caring/affective/trusting relationship with doctors, familiarity with the system, second opinion, encouragement/recommendation from referents, and facilitating factors influenced the decisions to undertake the DMT. ‘Committed’ and ‘Contended’ travellers accounted for 76% of all surveyed diasporic medical travellers, indicating the significant potential of those ‘hidden’ medical travellers. Diasporic medical tourism was compared to foreign medical tourism. This study provides theoretical/practical implications and contributes to the research on medical tourism, diaspora tourism and the interrelation between tourism and migration, specifically in the European context.
{"title":"Diasporic Medical Tourism: examining tourists’ profiles, antecedents and behavioural intention","authors":"A. Mathijsen, Ewa Dziedzic","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3010","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on diasporic medical tourism (DMT), an offshoot of migration-led tourism and medical tourism. There has been growing recognition of the significance of a diasporic dimension of medical tourism worldwide, yet little is known about these travellers, especially quantitatively. This paper examines the antecedents and behavioural intention of the DMT by applying the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three European countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) among the Polish diaspora (N=1,288), which constitutes one of the largest migrant populations in Europe. The results analysed via PLS-SEM demonstrated that the model explained 53 % of the variance (R²= 0.527, Q²= 0.392), indicating a good model fit. Constructs of Attitude (β = 0.329), Subjective Norms (β = 0.277), Perceived Behavioural Control (β = 0.112), and Past Behaviour (β = 0.302) were all statistically significant. The caring/affective/trusting relationship with doctors, familiarity with the system, second opinion, encouragement/recommendation from referents, and facilitating factors influenced the decisions to undertake the DMT. ‘Committed’ and ‘Contended’ travellers accounted for 76% of all surveyed diasporic medical travellers, indicating the significant potential of those ‘hidden’ medical travellers. Diasporic medical tourism was compared to foreign medical tourism. This study provides theoretical/practical implications and contributes to the research on medical tourism, diaspora tourism and the interrelation between tourism and migration, specifically in the European context.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whistleblowing is a topic that rarely garners attention in tourism, particularly within the travel industry. This research, delves into external whistleblowing in relation to idealism and affective organizational commitment. The study aims to examine how affective commitment and idealism influence the attitudes of travel agency employees towards external whistleblowing. Employing a quantitative approach, the study investigated these variables using data from 433 travel agency employees in Turkey. The findings indicate that these employees hold unfavourable opinions regarding external whistleblowing. Affective commitment and idealism are demonstrated to significantly impact attitudes towards external whistleblowing. Moreover, the data suggests that idealism does not moderate the correlation between affective commitment and external whistleblowing. This research represents one of the initial inquiries into whistleblowing within the travel industry. Typically, the effectiveness of organisational behaviours, such as affective commitment and external whistleblowing, may depend on the structural aspects of entrepreneurship, as well as the costs and benefits of such actions, rather than solely on the ethical orientation of individuals. The perception and reporting of unethical practices are heavily influenced by community culture, and Turkish culture, in particular, tends to foster a negative mindset towards reporting unethical behaviour externally.
{"title":"Whistleblowing in the travel industry: A research in the context of idealism and affective commitment","authors":"Selda Güven, Bayram Şahin","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3449","url":null,"abstract":"Whistleblowing is a topic that rarely garners attention in tourism, particularly within the travel industry. This research, delves into external whistleblowing in relation to idealism and affective organizational commitment. The study aims to examine how affective commitment and idealism influence the attitudes of travel agency employees towards external whistleblowing. Employing a quantitative approach, the study investigated these variables using data from 433 travel agency employees in Turkey. The findings indicate that these employees hold unfavourable opinions regarding external whistleblowing. Affective commitment and idealism are demonstrated to significantly impact attitudes towards external whistleblowing. Moreover, the data suggests that idealism does not moderate the correlation between affective commitment and external whistleblowing. This research represents one of the initial inquiries into whistleblowing within the travel industry. Typically, the effectiveness of organisational behaviours, such as affective commitment and external whistleblowing, may depend on the structural aspects of entrepreneurship, as well as the costs and benefits of such actions, rather than solely on the ethical orientation of individuals. The perception and reporting of unethical practices are heavily influenced by community culture, and Turkish culture, in particular, tends to foster a negative mindset towards reporting unethical behaviour externally.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate the relationship between international tourism and total trade, including exports and imports, for the twenty most visited countries. In order to accurately assess the relationship, the study employs the Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) causality analysis, which accounts for cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity. The empirical results show a unidirectional causality running from total trade, exports, and imports to international tourist arrivals for Germany, India, Mexico, and the Netherlands. Conversely, the causality runs from international tourist arrivals to total trade, exports, and imports for Portugal, Russia, and Spain (except imports). Additionally, a bidirectional causality link between international trade and tourism is found for China, indicating that both tourism and trade mutually reinforce each other. These results highlight the importance of considering the direction of causality in the relationship between tourism and trade, and developing targeted policies that take into account the unique characteristics of each country.
{"title":"Does trade pattern matter for tourism activities? Evidence from the twenty most visited countries","authors":"Fevzi Ölmez, Dogukan Tarakci","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3253","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the relationship between international tourism and total trade, including exports and imports, for the twenty most visited countries. In order to accurately assess the relationship, the study employs the Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) causality analysis, which accounts for cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity. The empirical results show a unidirectional causality running from total trade, exports, and imports to international tourist arrivals for Germany, India, Mexico, and the Netherlands. Conversely, the causality runs from international tourist arrivals to total trade, exports, and imports for Portugal, Russia, and Spain (except imports). Additionally, a bidirectional causality link between international trade and tourism is found for China, indicating that both tourism and trade mutually reinforce each other. These results highlight the importance of considering the direction of causality in the relationship between tourism and trade, and developing targeted policies that take into account the unique characteristics of each country.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge networks and partnerships for capacity development in tourism","authors":"Rogelio Jr Flores","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v37i.3589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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