A. Domènech, Isabel Paulino, D. Miravet, A. Gutiérrez
This paper aims to explore if the presence of diverse tourist profiles staying in the same accommodation hub of a mature Mediterranean coastal destination also implies specific intra-destination visiting preferences. The study uses Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to detect tourist profiles according to their socio-demographic and psychographic factors, as well as their trip organisation characteristics. Then, selection corrected estimations are used to focus on the side trips each profile is more willing or reluctant to make from the accommodation hub. Results show a wide range of tourist profiles with a high level of heterogeneity regarding individual characteristics and intra-destination visiting preferences. This provides further understanding of tourist choices at a destination and empirical evidence that allows breaking away from the traditional static, beach-focused view of coastal tourists. In turn, this informs the destination and its stakeholders so that they can apply the appropriate planning, management and branding tools to adapt the destination and its products and services to the different tourism targets. The implementation of this kind of studies and the use of their results by local stakeholders as strategy for diversification and competitiveness growth would make the whole destination more competitive.
{"title":"Tourist profiles and intra-destination visiting preferences in a mature coastal destination: More than beach","authors":"A. Domènech, Isabel Paulino, D. Miravet, A. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2908","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to explore if the presence of diverse tourist profiles staying in the same accommodation hub of a mature Mediterranean coastal destination also implies specific intra-destination visiting preferences. The study uses Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to detect tourist profiles according to their socio-demographic and psychographic factors, as well as their trip organisation characteristics. Then, selection corrected estimations are used to focus on the side trips each profile is more willing or reluctant to make from the accommodation hub. Results show a wide range of tourist profiles with a high level of heterogeneity regarding individual characteristics and intra-destination visiting preferences. This provides further understanding of tourist choices at a destination and empirical evidence that allows breaking away from the traditional static, beach-focused view of coastal tourists. In turn, this informs the destination and its stakeholders so that they can apply the appropriate planning, management and branding tools to adapt the destination and its products and services to the different tourism targets. The implementation of this kind of studies and the use of their results by local stakeholders as strategy for diversification and competitiveness growth would make the whole destination more competitive.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42247433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides a unique vista of tourism biosecurity preparedness for a destinations’ tourist ports of entry. Existing tourism biosecurity research deals with organisational resilience and tourists’ biosecurity behaviour, however, has not explicitly examined tourism biosecurity preparedness at global or destinations tourist ports of entry levels. To fill this gap, this research utilises twenty-six tourism biosecurity criteria generated from a systematic international literature review to analyse international biosecurity instruments and Irish tourist ports of entry. A mixed-method approach was utilised through content analysis of international biosecurity instruments and Irish tourist ports of entry. A survey and semi-structured interviews were used to support the findings of the content analysis at Irish tourist ports of entry. Analysis determined the Irish tourist ports of entry sampled were severely lacking any provision for tourism biosecurity preparedness. International biosecurity instruments had a necessary level of biosecurity standards; however, a notable omission of tourism that adversely impacts tourism biosecurity preparedness. This research recommends international biosecurity instruments improve capacities for tourism- specific measures. Tourist ports of entry should integrate specific tourism biosecurity measures into passenger operations to ensure greater destination resilience.
{"title":"Tourism ports of entry and biosecurity preparedness: lessons learned from Ireland","authors":"Domhnall Melly, J. Hanrahan","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2828","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides a unique vista of tourism biosecurity preparedness for a destinations’ tourist ports of entry. Existing tourism biosecurity research deals with organisational resilience and tourists’ biosecurity behaviour, however, has not explicitly examined tourism biosecurity preparedness at global or destinations tourist ports of entry levels. To fill this gap, this research utilises twenty-six tourism biosecurity criteria generated from a systematic international literature review to analyse international biosecurity instruments and Irish tourist ports of entry. A mixed-method approach was utilised through content analysis of international biosecurity instruments and Irish tourist ports of entry. A survey and semi-structured interviews were used to support the findings of the content analysis at Irish tourist ports of entry. Analysis determined the Irish tourist ports of entry sampled were severely lacking any provision for tourism biosecurity preparedness. International biosecurity instruments had a necessary level of biosecurity standards; however, a notable omission of tourism that adversely impacts tourism biosecurity preparedness. This research recommends international biosecurity instruments improve capacities for tourism- specific measures. Tourist ports of entry should integrate specific tourism biosecurity measures into passenger operations to ensure greater destination resilience.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This editorial presents some of the key changes in the European Journal of Tourism Research in the period 2018-2022. In particular, the journal changed its publishing model and became a Platinum open-access journal, the journal’s scope was amended to focus on European tourism, an online submission system was introduced, and the editorial team was expanded. The paper also presents the editorial philosophy of the co-editors and their vision of how the journal is and should be managed.
{"title":"European Journal of Tourism Research: 15 years of research community service","authors":"Stanislav Ivanov, G. del Chiappa","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v33i.3142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v33i.3142","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial presents some of the key changes in the European Journal of Tourism Research in the period 2018-2022. In particular, the journal changed its publishing model and became a Platinum open-access journal, the journal’s scope was amended to focus on European tourism, an online submission system was introduced, and the editorial team was expanded. The paper also presents the editorial philosophy of the co-editors and their vision of how the journal is and should be managed.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study argues that when overall tourism impacts are positive, residents’ quality of life (QOL) increases, thereby positively affecting their attitudes towards tourism initiatives. The study also identifies several other important relationships that have been ignored in the literature. First, QOL may be a crucial push factor for community commitment, which in turn can trigger support for additional tourism development. Second, communication with tourists may moderate the links between QOL, community commitment, and tourism support. Data were collected from 468 residents living in Manavgat, Turkey and analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes’s PROCESS macro. The findings show that as the perception of the positive effects of tourism increases, opinions about the QOL will also be optimistic. Importantly, QOL strengthens both tourism support and community commitment. Additionally, community commitment mediates the link between QOL and attitudes towards tourism development. Finally, community commitment increases support for tourism, which is stronger for residents who communicate more with tourists.
{"title":"Residents’ support for tourism development: Investigating quality-of-life, community commitment, and communication","authors":"Özgür Yayla, Burcu Koç, F. Dimanche","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2762","url":null,"abstract":"This study argues that when overall tourism impacts are positive, residents’ quality of life (QOL) increases, thereby positively affecting their attitudes towards tourism initiatives. The study also identifies several other important relationships that have been ignored in the literature. First, QOL may be a crucial push factor for community commitment, which in turn can trigger support for additional tourism development. Second, communication with tourists may moderate the links between QOL, community commitment, and tourism support. Data were collected from 468 residents living in Manavgat, Turkey and analyzed using structural equation modeling and Hayes’s PROCESS macro. The findings show that as the perception of the positive effects of tourism increases, opinions about the QOL will also be optimistic. Importantly, QOL strengthens both tourism support and community commitment. Additionally, community commitment mediates the link between QOL and attitudes towards tourism development. Finally, community commitment increases support for tourism, which is stronger for residents who communicate more with tourists.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44068561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of study is to determine whether destination image and perceived value have a serial mediating role in the relationship between perceived authenticity and behavioural intentions such as repurchase intention and recommendation in a cultural heritage destination. In this study, the convenience sampling method was used. Results are based on sample were collected through a questionnaire of 443 visitors. Findings demonstrated that both perceived value what refers trade-off between perceived benefits and perceived costs and destination image act as a mediator for the influence of perceived authenticity on behavioural intentions. Furthermore, as simultaneously in a serial model, destination image mediates the relationship between perceived authenticity and perceived value, perceived value mediates the relationship between destination image and behavioural intentions. Study's findings extend the tourism literature by casting light on previously unexamined aspects of repurchase intention and recommendation that contributes to the perceived authenticity of tourists and advancing the sustainable development of cultural heritage tourism.
{"title":"Serial mediation: Destination image and perceived value in the relationship between perceived authenticity and behavioural intentions","authors":"Fuat Atasoy, D. Eren","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v33i.2528","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of study is to determine whether destination image and perceived value have a serial mediating role in the relationship between perceived authenticity and behavioural intentions such as repurchase intention and recommendation in a cultural heritage destination. In this study, the convenience sampling method was used. Results are based on sample were collected through a questionnaire of 443 visitors. Findings demonstrated that both perceived value what refers trade-off between perceived benefits and perceived costs and destination image act as a mediator for the influence of perceived authenticity on behavioural intentions. Furthermore, as simultaneously in a serial model, destination image mediates the relationship between perceived authenticity and perceived value, perceived value mediates the relationship between destination image and behavioural intentions. Study's findings extend the tourism literature by casting light on previously unexamined aspects of repurchase intention and recommendation that contributes to the perceived authenticity of tourists and advancing the sustainable development of cultural heritage tourism.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70691734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study is to examine how destination image and destination sentiment change over time using content from online travel reviews. We explore the evolution of Finland’s destination image from 2013 to 2018 by analysing 10,197 unstructured Chinese travel reviews. With a mixed analysis approach, we identify the evolutions of the perception of destination attributes, destination structure, and destination sentiment at functional, the mixed functional-psychological, and the psychological levels. The results show that the perceptions of destination attributes can evolve and change surprisingly rapidly, even in the case of a country-level destination. Although the structure of destination image seems to be stable, individual dimensions may evolve rapidly. In terms of destination sentiment, the evolving trends of destination sentiment can be even in the opposite direction of the evolution of destination attributes. These findings improve the research on the dynamic characteristics of destination image and provide industry insights for destination marketers in formulating long-term marketing strategies and monitoring destination image development.
{"title":"Analysing online travel reviews to identify temporal changes of a destination image","authors":"Xinxin Guo, J. Pesonen, R. Komppula","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2447","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to examine how destination image and destination sentiment change over time using content from online travel reviews. We explore the evolution of Finland’s destination image from 2013 to 2018 by analysing 10,197 unstructured Chinese travel reviews. With a mixed analysis approach, we identify the evolutions of the perception of destination attributes, destination structure, and destination sentiment at functional, the mixed functional-psychological, and the psychological levels. The results show that the perceptions of destination attributes can evolve and change surprisingly rapidly, even in the case of a country-level destination. Although the structure of destination image seems to be stable, individual dimensions may evolve rapidly. In terms of destination sentiment, the evolving trends of destination sentiment can be even in the opposite direction of the evolution of destination attributes. These findings improve the research on the dynamic characteristics of destination image and provide industry insights for destination marketers in formulating long-term marketing strategies and monitoring destination image development.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44305670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Competitive fishing is a global phenomenon covering thousands of fishing contests annually. We studied the experiential value of angling competitions from the participants’ point of view by using an online survey data among Finnish anglers who had been on an overnight angling competition trip within the last two years. The theory of consumption values is used as the basis for our theoretical framework, including functional, social, emotional, epistemic, and conditional value, while togetherness was suggested as the sixth value dimension. The value dimensions were measured with 45 variables. We used principal component and cluster analyses to identify three value-based clusters among respondents: Wellbeing seekers, Family-oriented competitors, and Novelty seekers. Novelty seekers were the youngest and least experienced group who are looking for novelty and they want to learn new things in competitive angling. Family-oriented competitors were the oldest and most experienced in competitive angling, and they valued friendship, family, and togetherness more than others. Wellbeing seekers were focused on self-development and positive effects on their wellbeing. Notably, proper and equal competition arrangements were the most important source of functional value. Surprisingly, the role of catching fish per se seems to be a minor contributor to the fishing competition experience value.
{"title":"Experiential value of participation in angling competition – a study from Finland","authors":"Jarno Suni, R. Komppula, R. Kortet","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2519","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive fishing is a global phenomenon covering thousands of fishing contests annually. We studied the experiential value of angling competitions from the participants’ point of view by using an online survey data among Finnish anglers who had been on an overnight angling competition trip within the last two years. The theory of consumption values is used as the basis for our theoretical framework, including functional, social, emotional, epistemic, and conditional value, while togetherness was suggested as the sixth value dimension. The value dimensions were measured with 45 variables. We used principal component and cluster analyses to identify three value-based clusters among respondents: Wellbeing seekers, Family-oriented competitors, and Novelty seekers. Novelty seekers were the youngest and least experienced group who are looking for novelty and they want to learn new things in competitive angling. Family-oriented competitors were the oldest and most experienced in competitive angling, and they valued friendship, family, and togetherness more than others. Wellbeing seekers were focused on self-development and positive effects on their wellbeing. Notably, proper and equal competition arrangements were the most important source of functional value. Surprisingly, the role of catching fish per se seems to be a minor contributor to the fishing competition experience value.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of globalization, real income, and tourism on the environment in top 10 destinations that attract the most tourists, using panel unit root, panel cointegration, and panel cointegration estimators for the period between 1995 and 2014. Panel cointegration test results show that the series moves together in the long run. According to the long-run panel estimator results, an increase in real income negatively affects the environment in China, France, Spain, Thailand, and the UK. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Germany, Italy, the UK, and the United States. Globalization reduces environmental degradation in France and the UK. The short-run panel estimator shows that an increase in real income in all countries, except China, increases environmental degradation. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Mexico and increases it in Spain. Finally, globalization contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation in Italy.
{"title":"The effect of globalization, income and tourism on environment: An empirical analysis","authors":"C. Ozcan, Mustafa Gerçeker, I. Ozmen, M. Mucuk","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2489","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of globalization, real income, and tourism on the environment in top 10 destinations that attract the most tourists, using panel unit root, panel cointegration, and panel cointegration estimators for the period between 1995 and 2014. Panel cointegration test results show that the series moves together in the long run. According to the long-run panel estimator results, an increase in real income negatively affects the environment in China, France, Spain, Thailand, and the UK. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Germany, Italy, the UK, and the United States. Globalization reduces environmental degradation in France and the UK. The short-run panel estimator shows that an increase in real income in all countries, except China, increases environmental degradation. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Mexico and increases it in Spain. Finally, globalization contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation in Italy.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brandl, S., Berg, W., Herntrei, M., Steckenbauer, G.C. & Lachmann- Falkner, S. (Eds.) (2021). Tourismus und ländlicher Raum – Innovative Strategien und Instrumente für die Zukunftsgestaltung. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 331 pages, ISBN: 978-3-503-19560-5","authors":"Sabrina Seeler","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48417383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco José Chamizo-Nieto, Nuria Nebot-Gómez de Salazar, Carlos Rosa-Jiménez, Sergio Reyes-Corredera
Clustering of tourism-related activities leads to tourism gentrification because of urban tourism. This study proposes a methodology for identifying pattern of tourism intensification in cities. The main objectives were to conduct an in-depth measurement of tourism intensification and to consider the conflict of interest between stakeholders involved. The proposed indicator system is based on several variables measured by neighbourhoods as territorial units: citizen initiatives, population and tourist accommodations and facilities. All indicators were tested in two Spanish port cities: Malaga and Valencia. Geographic Information System mapping showed common patterns in both cities, such as tertiary use concentrated in the old town, new tourist offers around it, and emerging clusters far away. Statistical analysis showed a high spatial correlation between neighbourhoods with several citizen initiatives and a wide range of Airbnb listings or cultural facilities. The spatial analysis and correlations between tourism intensification indicators may serve as a basis for local administrations to propose an urban policy that deals with overtourism in the short and medium terms. This work serves as a basis for new research on urban tourism: redefinition and addition of variables, as well as further development of comparative case studies or field studies that check the datasets.
{"title":"Indicators for measuring tourism intensification in urban areas through their associative network: Case studies from the Spanish Mediterranean coast","authors":"Francisco José Chamizo-Nieto, Nuria Nebot-Gómez de Salazar, Carlos Rosa-Jiménez, Sergio Reyes-Corredera","doi":"10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2627","url":null,"abstract":"Clustering of tourism-related activities leads to tourism gentrification because of urban tourism. This study proposes a methodology for identifying pattern of tourism intensification in cities. The main objectives were to conduct an in-depth measurement of tourism intensification and to consider the conflict of interest between stakeholders involved. The proposed indicator system is based on several variables measured by neighbourhoods as territorial units: citizen initiatives, population and tourist accommodations and facilities. All indicators were tested in two Spanish port cities: Malaga and Valencia. Geographic Information System mapping showed common patterns in both cities, such as tertiary use concentrated in the old town, new tourist offers around it, and emerging clusters far away. Statistical analysis showed a high spatial correlation between neighbourhoods with several citizen initiatives and a wide range of Airbnb listings or cultural facilities. The spatial analysis and correlations between tourism intensification indicators may serve as a basis for local administrations to propose an urban policy that deals with overtourism in the short and medium terms. This work serves as a basis for new research on urban tourism: redefinition and addition of variables, as well as further development of comparative case studies or field studies that check the datasets.","PeriodicalId":51784,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Tourism Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46092593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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