Pub Date : 2024-07-21DOI: 10.1177/10575677241265360
Aulia Dwi Ramadhanti
{"title":"Book Review: Genetics and the politics of security: A social science perspective by Vailly, J.","authors":"Aulia Dwi Ramadhanti","doi":"10.1177/10575677241265360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241265360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1177/10575677241248396
Sambuddha Ghatak, Atreya Ghatak
Terrorist organizations are argued to have a symbiotic relationship with media. Despite the mutually beneficial relationship, media personnel and media outlets are frequently targeted by terrorist organizations across the world. This study explores this puzzle by arguing that the symbiotic relationship between media and terrorism is conditioned by the level of restrictions a state exercises on the media. State restrictions diminish media's utility to the terrorists who would view the restricted media as a proxy for the state, prompting the groups would attack the media targets and deliver a political message to the state. This conjecture is tested on a global cross-national dataset of domestic terrorism between 1970 and 2012, showing strong support for the hypothesized positive relation between media restrictions and terrorist attacks on media targets.
{"title":"When the Messengers Are Targets of Terrorism: Restricted Media, State and Domestic Terrorism","authors":"Sambuddha Ghatak, Atreya Ghatak","doi":"10.1177/10575677241248396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241248396","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorist organizations are argued to have a symbiotic relationship with media. Despite the mutually beneficial relationship, media personnel and media outlets are frequently targeted by terrorist organizations across the world. This study explores this puzzle by arguing that the symbiotic relationship between media and terrorism is conditioned by the level of restrictions a state exercises on the media. State restrictions diminish media's utility to the terrorists who would view the restricted media as a proxy for the state, prompting the groups would attack the media targets and deliver a political message to the state. This conjecture is tested on a global cross-national dataset of domestic terrorism between 1970 and 2012, showing strong support for the hypothesized positive relation between media restrictions and terrorist attacks on media targets.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1177/10575677241248378
Silje Anderdal Bakken, Sidsel Kirstine Harder
This special issue deals with the way that sexual abuse, illicit markets, and social communities increasingly co-exist online and offline. The contributions explore the interconnections between the offline and online contexts and interrogate how the digital is both reproducing and changing the way people experience practices entailing risks and unwanted behavior. The on/offline overlap is important to understand the continued relevance of gender, class, and age in a digital society. That way, exoticism that posits online crime as new because it is different, bigger, and more complex is questioned: several of the contributions in this special issue analyze how online crime does not reinvent, so much as tweak and exaggerate age-old problems.
{"title":"Introduction to Special Issue: Bridging the Online–Offline Divide in Criminology","authors":"Silje Anderdal Bakken, Sidsel Kirstine Harder","doi":"10.1177/10575677241248378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241248378","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue deals with the way that sexual abuse, illicit markets, and social communities increasingly co-exist online and offline. The contributions explore the interconnections between the offline and online contexts and interrogate how the digital is both reproducing and changing the way people experience practices entailing risks and unwanted behavior. The on/offline overlap is important to understand the continued relevance of gender, class, and age in a digital society. That way, exoticism that posits online crime as new because it is different, bigger, and more complex is questioned: several of the contributions in this special issue analyze how online crime does not reinvent, so much as tweak and exaggerate age-old problems.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1177/10575677241244464
Sophie Curtis-Ham, Wim Bernasco, Oleg N. Medvedev, Devon L. L. Polaschek
This paper examines the recently theorized roles of the reliability and relevance of offenders’ knowledge of locations in their crime location choices. Using discrete choice models, we analyzed offenders’ pre-offense activity locations from police data (home addresses, family members’ home addresses, work, school, prior offenses, victimizations, non-crime incidents, and other police contacts) and 17,054 residential burglaries, 10,353 non-residential burglaries, 1,977 commercial robberies, 4,315 personal robberies, and 4,421 extra-familial sex offenses, in New Zealand. Offenders were most likely to offend where their prior activity locations indicated they had highly reliable and highly relevant knowledge—where they were both highly familiar with the area and had conducted similar activities—and less likely where offenders had less familiarity or less similar activities. The results support a recent extension of crime pattern theory and highlight the importance of including both reliability and relevance factors when modeling or predicting offenders’ crime location choices.
{"title":"Familiar Locations and Similar Activities: Examining the Contributions of Reliable and Relevant Knowledge in Offenders’ Crime Location Choices","authors":"Sophie Curtis-Ham, Wim Bernasco, Oleg N. Medvedev, Devon L. L. Polaschek","doi":"10.1177/10575677241244464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241244464","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the recently theorized roles of the reliability and relevance of offenders’ knowledge of locations in their crime location choices. Using discrete choice models, we analyzed offenders’ pre-offense activity locations from police data (home addresses, family members’ home addresses, work, school, prior offenses, victimizations, non-crime incidents, and other police contacts) and 17,054 residential burglaries, 10,353 non-residential burglaries, 1,977 commercial robberies, 4,315 personal robberies, and 4,421 extra-familial sex offenses, in New Zealand. Offenders were most likely to offend where their prior activity locations indicated they had highly reliable and highly relevant knowledge—where they were both highly familiar with the area and had conducted similar activities—and less likely where offenders had less familiarity or less similar activities. The results support a recent extension of crime pattern theory and highlight the importance of including both reliability and relevance factors when modeling or predicting offenders’ crime location choices.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.1177/10575677241237960
Vania Ceccato, Ioannis Ioannidis
Drawing from environmental criminology principles, this article explores the existing literature to assess the utility of remote sensing data in detecting and analysing features in the urban environment that are associated with crime occurrence. A systematic review of the literature in the English language from 2003 until the first half of 2023 from two major databases, Scopus and Science Direct, is carried out. As many as 910 publications were selected, from which 36 publications satisfied the selection criteria. Findings show that neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint that is possible to be observed with very high spatial-resolution imagery. Given its high spatial and temporal resolution, remote sensing data can to different degrees support the identification of criminogenic features in urban environments (streets and roads, property boundaries, housing density, characteristics and density of vegetation as well as luminosity levels), but when it is used for the detection of potentially illegal activities, infringement of people's privacy and methods lacking validation still present serious concerns. The article concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of using remote sensing data in crime analysis.
{"title":"Using Remote Sensing Data in Urban Crime Analysis: A Systematic Review of English-Language Literature from 2003 to 2023","authors":"Vania Ceccato, Ioannis Ioannidis","doi":"10.1177/10575677241237960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241237960","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from environmental criminology principles, this article explores the existing literature to assess the utility of remote sensing data in detecting and analysing features in the urban environment that are associated with crime occurrence. A systematic review of the literature in the English language from 2003 until the first half of 2023 from two major databases, Scopus and Science Direct, is carried out. As many as 910 publications were selected, from which 36 publications satisfied the selection criteria. Findings show that neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint that is possible to be observed with very high spatial-resolution imagery. Given its high spatial and temporal resolution, remote sensing data can to different degrees support the identification of criminogenic features in urban environments (streets and roads, property boundaries, housing density, characteristics and density of vegetation as well as luminosity levels), but when it is used for the detection of potentially illegal activities, infringement of people's privacy and methods lacking validation still present serious concerns. The article concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of using remote sensing data in crime analysis.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140299478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/10575677241237491
Xinting Wang, Jae-Seung Lee, Jihong Solomon Zhao
Perceptions of crime and disorder are conducive to the quality of life in a neighborhood and closely related to social stability and residents’ psychological health. If residents’ perceptions overestimate the reality of neighborhood crime and disorder, it can generate a significant amount of personal fear and stress. To identify factors associated with public perceptions of crime and disorder, the current study investigated a sample of 394 volunteers who participated in a community policing program in Houston, Texas. Results from the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that volunteers’ crime and disorder perceptions were not influenced by the reported crime in their neighborhoods. The findings showed that the significant predictors were associated with collective efficacy in the neighborhood and their attitudes toward the police. Moreover, perceptions of crime had different predictors from perceptions of disorder. Implication for future research was discussed in the end.
{"title":"Determinants of Volunteers’ Perceptions of Crime and Disorder: Do Perceptions Reflect Reality?","authors":"Xinting Wang, Jae-Seung Lee, Jihong Solomon Zhao","doi":"10.1177/10575677241237491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241237491","url":null,"abstract":"Perceptions of crime and disorder are conducive to the quality of life in a neighborhood and closely related to social stability and residents’ psychological health. If residents’ perceptions overestimate the reality of neighborhood crime and disorder, it can generate a significant amount of personal fear and stress. To identify factors associated with public perceptions of crime and disorder, the current study investigated a sample of 394 volunteers who participated in a community policing program in Houston, Texas. Results from the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that volunteers’ crime and disorder perceptions were not influenced by the reported crime in their neighborhoods. The findings showed that the significant predictors were associated with collective efficacy in the neighborhood and their attitudes toward the police. Moreover, perceptions of crime had different predictors from perceptions of disorder. Implication for future research was discussed in the end.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1177/10575677241241072
Jakob Demant, Louise Anker Nexø
In the realm of cybercrime, technologies that facilitate illicit activities also produce uncertainties based on the hybridity between digital communication and offline presence. Social media platforms have blurred the lines between types of drug sellers, bringing the recreational and the commercial into the same marketplace. In the Nordic data used in this paper, 52 text-based qualitative interviews with recreational and commercial sellers are analyzed via process and variance analysis to identify the relationship between cognitive strategies and seller positions. We ask how sellers’ decision-making processes differ and intersect. Theoretically, we use cognitive sociology to enrich understanding of culture, trust, and rational decision-making in this context. Our findings reveal that recreational sellers often adopt a low-risk, low-gain strategy rooted in cognitive biases, reflecting the recreational nature of their engagement. In contrast, commercially competent sellers employ more complex cognitive strategies, including gut feelings, thus adjusting their decisions with less reliance on initial assessments, leading to a more calculated approach with higher risk tolerance. We conclude with a discussion of intervention strategies; here, we argue for the need for a dual strategy that targets and capitalizes on the differences in cognitive biases in an effective way that poses less harm to recreational sellers.
{"title":"The Gut Feeling of Rational Acting: Differentiation in Cognitive Strategies Within Commercial and Recreational Sellers in Hybrid Digital Social Media Markets","authors":"Jakob Demant, Louise Anker Nexø","doi":"10.1177/10575677241241072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241241072","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of cybercrime, technologies that facilitate illicit activities also produce uncertainties based on the hybridity between digital communication and offline presence. Social media platforms have blurred the lines between types of drug sellers, bringing the recreational and the commercial into the same marketplace. In the Nordic data used in this paper, 52 text-based qualitative interviews with recreational and commercial sellers are analyzed via process and variance analysis to identify the relationship between cognitive strategies and seller positions. We ask how sellers’ decision-making processes differ and intersect. Theoretically, we use cognitive sociology to enrich understanding of culture, trust, and rational decision-making in this context. Our findings reveal that recreational sellers often adopt a low-risk, low-gain strategy rooted in cognitive biases, reflecting the recreational nature of their engagement. In contrast, commercially competent sellers employ more complex cognitive strategies, including gut feelings, thus adjusting their decisions with less reliance on initial assessments, leading to a more calculated approach with higher risk tolerance. We conclude with a discussion of intervention strategies; here, we argue for the need for a dual strategy that targets and capitalizes on the differences in cognitive biases in an effective way that poses less harm to recreational sellers.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140205396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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