Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1177/10575677231165574
Asifa Iqbal
19(4), 811–829. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820916447 Jones, R., & Wyn Jones, R. (2019). Justice at the jagged edge in Wales. Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University. Jones, R., &Wyn Jones, R. (2022). TheWelsh criminal justice system: On the jagged edge. University ofWales Press. Welsh Government (2019). Justice in Wales for the people of Wales: The Commission on Justice in Wales report. https://gov.wales/working-together-safer-communities-review Williams, J., & Eirug, A. (eds) (2022). The impact of devolution in Wales: Social democracy with a Welsh stripe. University of Wales Press. Wyn Jones, R., & Scully, R. (2012).Wales says yes: Devolution and the 2011 Welsh referendum. University of Wales Press.
{"title":"Book Review: Crime and fear in public places: Towards safe, inclusive, and sustainable cities by Ceccato, V. & Nalla, M. K. (Eds)","authors":"Asifa Iqbal","doi":"10.1177/10575677231165574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231165574","url":null,"abstract":"19(4), 811–829. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820916447 Jones, R., & Wyn Jones, R. (2019). Justice at the jagged edge in Wales. Wales Governance Centre at Cardiff University. Jones, R., &Wyn Jones, R. (2022). TheWelsh criminal justice system: On the jagged edge. University ofWales Press. Welsh Government (2019). Justice in Wales for the people of Wales: The Commission on Justice in Wales report. https://gov.wales/working-together-safer-communities-review Williams, J., & Eirug, A. (eds) (2022). The impact of devolution in Wales: Social democracy with a Welsh stripe. University of Wales Press. Wyn Jones, R., & Scully, R. (2012).Wales says yes: Devolution and the 2011 Welsh referendum. University of Wales Press.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"332 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-20DOI: 10.1177/10575677231164031
Cameron Hoffman
{"title":"Book Review: Marijuana Boom: The Rise and Fall of Colombia’s First Drug Paradise by Lina Britto","authors":"Cameron Hoffman","doi":"10.1177/10575677231164031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231164031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"339 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42295967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1177/10575677231159167
{"title":"International Criminal Justice ReviewBooks Received Nov 22- Jan 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/10575677231159167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231159167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"1085 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135488422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1177/10575677231161783
P. Bleakley
part of the world became popular after the incident referred to as The Nirbhaya (the fearless, who tried to fight off six offenders). The author analyzed the pattern of self-reporting in male offenders and found that these kinds of behaviors occurred most often in the company of a friend. Furthermore, 70% of the respondents reported not having an awareness of the existence of laws relating to sexual harassment and their effectiveness. The paradoxes of the public space associated with publicness (i.e., who is eligible to use public space) have been argued in the Study of urban park users: The case of Poznań, Poland by Emilia Bogacka. Urban parks strongly impact the quality of life of the users and help in creating community culture and cohesion in cities. The findings highlight the time dependence of the perception of safety (higher during the day and lower during the darker hours). Interestingly, respondents of this study felt safe in the company of others, but less so in the presence of homeless people or those consuming alcohol. Lighting and video surveillance were reported as important environmental design elements in urban parks to promote feelings of safety. One of the strengths of this book is its multidisciplinary approach to public space with case studies from around the world. In general, the language and structure of the book are easy to follow, and the text is divided into three to 10 subjects that are very easy to choose and study. Additionally, the book has an open access availability that adds to the visibility of the topic and societal benefits at large. An area that seeks improvement in this book is the confusion around the book’s themes and the division of sections. In addition, the lack of strict demarcation of themes makes it difficult to stick to one theme or section. For instance, “transit safety” is not restricted to the theme of movement only. It is one of the main themes available in almost every theme and section. Similarly, “perspective of the users” appears throughout the book and not only in the assigned theme. However, the ‘perspective of the children’ is absent from the user list. Furthermore, the last chapter on “perspective of the planners” is unique with reference to all other chapters in the book. Overall, this book is an outstanding contribution to the series of crime and society by Routledge and is an excellent addition to a growing body of literature on the crime and safety discipline. This book highlights fresh concepts and methodological approaches, as well as its connection to other types of research. The ideas presented in this book are not new, but very well thought out and developed. The authors of this book offer alternative theoretical frameworks and practical case studies on how to effectively understand the significance of users’ relationships with space and navigate the complexity of public spaces when dealing with the issue of fear of crime. It is recommended that anyone creating inclusive and safe
{"title":"Book Review: Policing & Politics in Latin America: When Law Enforcement Breaks the Law by Esparza, D.","authors":"P. Bleakley","doi":"10.1177/10575677231161783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231161783","url":null,"abstract":"part of the world became popular after the incident referred to as The Nirbhaya (the fearless, who tried to fight off six offenders). The author analyzed the pattern of self-reporting in male offenders and found that these kinds of behaviors occurred most often in the company of a friend. Furthermore, 70% of the respondents reported not having an awareness of the existence of laws relating to sexual harassment and their effectiveness. The paradoxes of the public space associated with publicness (i.e., who is eligible to use public space) have been argued in the Study of urban park users: The case of Poznań, Poland by Emilia Bogacka. Urban parks strongly impact the quality of life of the users and help in creating community culture and cohesion in cities. The findings highlight the time dependence of the perception of safety (higher during the day and lower during the darker hours). Interestingly, respondents of this study felt safe in the company of others, but less so in the presence of homeless people or those consuming alcohol. Lighting and video surveillance were reported as important environmental design elements in urban parks to promote feelings of safety. One of the strengths of this book is its multidisciplinary approach to public space with case studies from around the world. In general, the language and structure of the book are easy to follow, and the text is divided into three to 10 subjects that are very easy to choose and study. Additionally, the book has an open access availability that adds to the visibility of the topic and societal benefits at large. An area that seeks improvement in this book is the confusion around the book’s themes and the division of sections. In addition, the lack of strict demarcation of themes makes it difficult to stick to one theme or section. For instance, “transit safety” is not restricted to the theme of movement only. It is one of the main themes available in almost every theme and section. Similarly, “perspective of the users” appears throughout the book and not only in the assigned theme. However, the ‘perspective of the children’ is absent from the user list. Furthermore, the last chapter on “perspective of the planners” is unique with reference to all other chapters in the book. Overall, this book is an outstanding contribution to the series of crime and society by Routledge and is an excellent addition to a growing body of literature on the crime and safety discipline. This book highlights fresh concepts and methodological approaches, as well as its connection to other types of research. The ideas presented in this book are not new, but very well thought out and developed. The authors of this book offer alternative theoretical frameworks and practical case studies on how to effectively understand the significance of users’ relationships with space and navigate the complexity of public spaces when dealing with the issue of fear of crime. It is recommended that anyone creating inclusive and safe","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"333 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46775739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1177/10575677231154861
Selye Lee, Hyunin Baek, J. Cooper
While there is a rich body of literature regarding attitudes toward the police, longitudinal empirical research on perceptions of police legitimacy among youth offenders is scant. Using data from Pathways to Desistance, a longitudinal study of 1,354 serious juvenile offenders, the current study builds upon the literature by identifying developmental trajectories of perceptions of police legitimacy among serious young offenders by gender. The study used group-based trajectory modeling, which yielded five trajectory groups for males and four trajectory groups for females. Female youth offenders exhibited slight increases in perceptions of police legitimacy, whereas males showed variations in perceptions of police legitimacy across the seven waves. To examine the probability that predictors belong to certain trajectory groups, the average marginal effects from a multinomial logit regression model were calculated. The findings showed that direct and indirect procedural justice and Black were statistically significant predictors of the probability of police legitimacy trajectories for both males and females. Compared with the male youth offenders, among their female counterparts, legal cynicism, self-reported offense, Hispanic, and age were not associated with the probability of each trajectory group. Given our findings and the strong association between the likelihood of offending and perceptions of the police, we suggest that existing early intervention programs may add a curriculum on prosocial attitudes toward the police. The findings also shed light on the significance of gender in the developmental perspective of police legitimacy perceptions among youth offenders.
{"title":"A Developmental Approach to Understanding Gender Differences Among Youth Offenders Regarding Perceptions of Police Legitimacy","authors":"Selye Lee, Hyunin Baek, J. Cooper","doi":"10.1177/10575677231154861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231154861","url":null,"abstract":"While there is a rich body of literature regarding attitudes toward the police, longitudinal empirical research on perceptions of police legitimacy among youth offenders is scant. Using data from Pathways to Desistance, a longitudinal study of 1,354 serious juvenile offenders, the current study builds upon the literature by identifying developmental trajectories of perceptions of police legitimacy among serious young offenders by gender. The study used group-based trajectory modeling, which yielded five trajectory groups for males and four trajectory groups for females. Female youth offenders exhibited slight increases in perceptions of police legitimacy, whereas males showed variations in perceptions of police legitimacy across the seven waves. To examine the probability that predictors belong to certain trajectory groups, the average marginal effects from a multinomial logit regression model were calculated. The findings showed that direct and indirect procedural justice and Black were statistically significant predictors of the probability of police legitimacy trajectories for both males and females. Compared with the male youth offenders, among their female counterparts, legal cynicism, self-reported offense, Hispanic, and age were not associated with the probability of each trajectory group. Given our findings and the strong association between the likelihood of offending and perceptions of the police, we suggest that existing early intervention programs may add a curriculum on prosocial attitudes toward the police. The findings also shed light on the significance of gender in the developmental perspective of police legitimacy perceptions among youth offenders.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41338246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1177/10575677221126903
Gabrielė Chlevickaitė
Trials of international crimes frequently rely on a complex type of witnesses: insiders or accomplices. While harnessing essential knowledge, insiders pose serious challenges to the decision-makers assessing their credibility. Prior research suggests that judges dismiss a sizeable proportion of insider testimony during trials of international crimes. While some reasons might lie with the witnesses, a closer look at the professional practices is warranted. This study aimed to examine the process of insider witness statement assessments by international criminal justice professionals and to analyze how they resolve the tension between the concerns about witness truthfulness and the quality of the testimony. One hundred sixty practitioners took part in an experimental vignette survey. Results of qualitative analyses demonstrate that the assessments of the witness and the statement contents are interrelated: across all experimental conditions, respondents drew inferences about the quality of the testimony based on their assessment of the witness and vice versa. Furthermore, the same indicators were given various, at times contradictory, meanings, highlighting individual differences in professional practice and the noise in decision-making.
{"title":"Towards a Model of (Insider) Witness Assessments in International Crime Cases: An Experimental Vignette Study","authors":"Gabrielė Chlevickaitė","doi":"10.1177/10575677221126903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677221126903","url":null,"abstract":"Trials of international crimes frequently rely on a complex type of witnesses: insiders or accomplices. While harnessing essential knowledge, insiders pose serious challenges to the decision-makers assessing their credibility. Prior research suggests that judges dismiss a sizeable proportion of insider testimony during trials of international crimes. While some reasons might lie with the witnesses, a closer look at the professional practices is warranted. This study aimed to examine the process of insider witness statement assessments by international criminal justice professionals and to analyze how they resolve the tension between the concerns about witness truthfulness and the quality of the testimony. One hundred sixty practitioners took part in an experimental vignette survey. Results of qualitative analyses demonstrate that the assessments of the witness and the statement contents are interrelated: across all experimental conditions, respondents drew inferences about the quality of the testimony based on their assessment of the witness and vice versa. Furthermore, the same indicators were given various, at times contradictory, meanings, highlighting individual differences in professional practice and the noise in decision-making.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1177/10575677231154865
Ediomo-ubong E. Nelson
This study explores police extortion and the negotiation strategies of dealers in street drug markets. Analysis of 31 in-depth interviews with male retail drug dealers in Uyo, Nigeria, framed by the theoretical concept of habitus, revealed how bribery and collusion with corrupt police officers offered protection from raids and arrests. Connivance with police was a double-edged sword; it also fostered exploitation of dealers by police officers. Police extortion, motivated by greed and opportunism, undermined profit from drug trade. Dealers negotiated police extortion by walking-away from exploitative collusions and forming new ones, and temporarily desisting from selling drugs to reduce the risk of arrest by vindictive police officers. I argue that street market policing, driven by greed and self-interest, encouraged bribery, extortion, and criminal alliances that effectively redirected policing from the goals of crime control and public order to personal enrichment of police officers. On the other hand, the negotiation of extortion through street habitus suggests that drug dealers are not passive victims of police predation. Improved oversight over patrolling officers and providing viable alternative livelihoods for dealers are suggested as measures for addressing police corruption and retail drug trade.
{"title":"Police Extortion and Drug Dealers’ Negotiation Strategies: Exploring the Accounts of Street-Level Dealers in Nigeria","authors":"Ediomo-ubong E. Nelson","doi":"10.1177/10575677231154865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231154865","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores police extortion and the negotiation strategies of dealers in street drug markets. Analysis of 31 in-depth interviews with male retail drug dealers in Uyo, Nigeria, framed by the theoretical concept of habitus, revealed how bribery and collusion with corrupt police officers offered protection from raids and arrests. Connivance with police was a double-edged sword; it also fostered exploitation of dealers by police officers. Police extortion, motivated by greed and opportunism, undermined profit from drug trade. Dealers negotiated police extortion by walking-away from exploitative collusions and forming new ones, and temporarily desisting from selling drugs to reduce the risk of arrest by vindictive police officers. I argue that street market policing, driven by greed and self-interest, encouraged bribery, extortion, and criminal alliances that effectively redirected policing from the goals of crime control and public order to personal enrichment of police officers. On the other hand, the negotiation of extortion through street habitus suggests that drug dealers are not passive victims of police predation. Improved oversight over patrolling officers and providing viable alternative livelihoods for dealers are suggested as measures for addressing police corruption and retail drug trade.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45297770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1177/10575677221136175
M. Deflem
This paper discusses the current policies and strategies developed by Interpol to organize international police cooperation in matters of terrorism. While the role of police in international counterterrorism cannot be denied and can only be assumed to be more important today than ever before, evidence shows that Interpol has in recent years no longer placed a premium on terrorism among its objectives. Relying on the bureaucratization perspective of policing, Interpol’s relative decline in attention to terrorism is argued to have been brought about by factors both external and internal to the organization. Externally, the police of many nations, especially those with well-developed law enforcement organizations, prefer to work unilaterally or on the basis of smaller, temporary forms of international collaboration. Internally, moreover, Interpol has grown considerably in terms of membership but in a manner that might threaten its central objective to fight international crime by efficient means of cooperation. Related problems involve abuse of Interpol’s notice system as well as political and legal problems concerning the organization's leadership. As a result, among the most striking aspects of Interpol's development in recent years has been a relative but distinct decline in its once central focus on terrorism.
{"title":"The Declining Significance of Interpol: Policing International Terrorism After 9/11","authors":"M. Deflem","doi":"10.1177/10575677221136175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677221136175","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the current policies and strategies developed by Interpol to organize international police cooperation in matters of terrorism. While the role of police in international counterterrorism cannot be denied and can only be assumed to be more important today than ever before, evidence shows that Interpol has in recent years no longer placed a premium on terrorism among its objectives. Relying on the bureaucratization perspective of policing, Interpol’s relative decline in attention to terrorism is argued to have been brought about by factors both external and internal to the organization. Externally, the police of many nations, especially those with well-developed law enforcement organizations, prefer to work unilaterally or on the basis of smaller, temporary forms of international collaboration. Internally, moreover, Interpol has grown considerably in terms of membership but in a manner that might threaten its central objective to fight international crime by efficient means of cooperation. Related problems involve abuse of Interpol’s notice system as well as political and legal problems concerning the organization's leadership. As a result, among the most striking aspects of Interpol's development in recent years has been a relative but distinct decline in its once central focus on terrorism.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41701509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1177/10575677221125276
Gretha Groeneveld, G. Breetzke
Cross-national spatial studies of crime are rare. Reasons are manifold but include the lack of standardization of variables across, often diverse, contexts. In this study, we propose a potential solution to this impasse by examining the spatial causes of violent crime across two axiomatically different contexts: Khayelitsha (in South Africa) and Fort Lauderdale (in the United States). In a departure from previous research, our variable selection for this study is guided by the Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, specifically ISO 37210 indicators—which relate to the Sustainable Development of Communities. We use these standards to operationalize the seminal spatial theory of crime, namely the social disorganization theory. Results show some similarity in the spatial risk factors associated with violent crime. We conclude by arguing for the benefits of using standardized variables in cross-national spatial crime research but also highlight the challenges of such an approach.
{"title":"A Cross-National Spatial Study of Crime Using Variables Informed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)","authors":"Gretha Groeneveld, G. Breetzke","doi":"10.1177/10575677221125276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677221125276","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-national spatial studies of crime are rare. Reasons are manifold but include the lack of standardization of variables across, often diverse, contexts. In this study, we propose a potential solution to this impasse by examining the spatial causes of violent crime across two axiomatically different contexts: Khayelitsha (in South Africa) and Fort Lauderdale (in the United States). In a departure from previous research, our variable selection for this study is guided by the Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, specifically ISO 37210 indicators—which relate to the Sustainable Development of Communities. We use these standards to operationalize the seminal spatial theory of crime, namely the social disorganization theory. Results show some similarity in the spatial risk factors associated with violent crime. We conclude by arguing for the benefits of using standardized variables in cross-national spatial crime research but also highlight the challenges of such an approach.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"313 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41692257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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