Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1177/10575677241238173
Stéphanie De Coensel
The field of counter-terrorism studies has witnessed significant growth over the past two decades. Despite this growth, research on the sentencing of terrorist offenders remains relatively limited. This scoping review aims to comprehensively map this research area in terms of volume, nature, and characteristics, adopting a rigorous and transparent approach, resulting in the inclusion of 59 studies. After mapping these studies according to their general characteristics (specifically the historical and geographical distribution, and the adopted research methods), this review delves deeper into the specific characteristics of quantitative studies (including the timeframe of each dataset, the sample sizes, the coded variables and the statistical strategies used). A thematic analysis of the studies reveals key findings concerning legislation and its impact on terrorism trials, sentencing principles and guidelines, as well as specific factors influencing sentencing outcomes. Additionally, the review features recommendations for future research, as outlined in existing studies. The discussion section outlines the implications for policy and practice, presents recommendations for scholars, and reflects on the limitations of this review. In particular, a plea is made for more mixed methods-driven research within European countries, by establishing open-source databases based on official documentation.
{"title":"Exploring the Landscape of Sentencing for Terrorist Offenders: A Scoping Review","authors":"Stéphanie De Coensel","doi":"10.1177/10575677241238173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241238173","url":null,"abstract":"The field of counter-terrorism studies has witnessed significant growth over the past two decades. Despite this growth, research on the sentencing of terrorist offenders remains relatively limited. This scoping review aims to comprehensively map this research area in terms of volume, nature, and characteristics, adopting a rigorous and transparent approach, resulting in the inclusion of 59 studies. After mapping these studies according to their general characteristics (specifically the historical and geographical distribution, and the adopted research methods), this review delves deeper into the specific characteristics of quantitative studies (including the timeframe of each dataset, the sample sizes, the coded variables and the statistical strategies used). A thematic analysis of the studies reveals key findings concerning legislation and its impact on terrorism trials, sentencing principles and guidelines, as well as specific factors influencing sentencing outcomes. Additionally, the review features recommendations for future research, as outlined in existing studies. The discussion section outlines the implications for policy and practice, presents recommendations for scholars, and reflects on the limitations of this review. In particular, a plea is made for more mixed methods-driven research within European countries, by establishing open-source databases based on official documentation.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1177/10575677241229672
Erik Alda, Lucia Dammert
Research on body-worn cameras (BWCs) has burgeoned in recent years. However, much of this research has not examined the effects of this technology on police performance. In this study, we created a novel dataset on police organizational inputs and outputs and assessed the effects that BWCs have on police efficiency. Using a multiple-stage approach, in the first stage, we estimated the efficiency of local police agencies using a robust order- m efficiency model. In the second stage, we assessed the effects of BWCs using a range of matching estimators and an instrumental variable (IV) model. The first-stage results show that police agencies could improve their efficiency by 2% (from a mean efficiency score of 0.98 to 1). The second-stage matching and IV estimates suggest BWC effects on efficiency range between four and six percentage points in our preferred model. The introduction of this significant technological advance has brought many benefits to police agencies. Our findings show that BWCs can help improve police efficiency, yielding significant cost savings to law enforcement.
{"title":"The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras on Police Efficiency: A Study of Local Police Agencies in the United States","authors":"Erik Alda, Lucia Dammert","doi":"10.1177/10575677241229672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241229672","url":null,"abstract":"Research on body-worn cameras (BWCs) has burgeoned in recent years. However, much of this research has not examined the effects of this technology on police performance. In this study, we created a novel dataset on police organizational inputs and outputs and assessed the effects that BWCs have on police efficiency. Using a multiple-stage approach, in the first stage, we estimated the efficiency of local police agencies using a robust order- m efficiency model. In the second stage, we assessed the effects of BWCs using a range of matching estimators and an instrumental variable (IV) model. The first-stage results show that police agencies could improve their efficiency by 2% (from a mean efficiency score of 0.98 to 1). The second-stage matching and IV estimates suggest BWC effects on efficiency range between four and six percentage points in our preferred model. The introduction of this significant technological advance has brought many benefits to police agencies. Our findings show that BWCs can help improve police efficiency, yielding significant cost savings to law enforcement.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1177/10575677241234601
Alessandro Moretti
The phenomenon of buying and reselling tickets for profit, known in the United Kingdom as ticket touting, can offer insights into the online–offline overlaps of contemporary illicit-market activities. While the technological advancements of the last decades have revolutionized the way in which tickets for U.K. concerts and sporting events are bought and sold, traditional forms of offline touting are arguably far from extinct. And yet the focus and efforts of campaigners, the media, and of (some) members of parliament have been dedicated entirely to the online aspect of illegal ticket resale. Indeed, legislation banning the use of “bots” to purchase tickets was introduced in 2017, and additional measures that only target the online methods of a so-called new generation of touts are again being considered. Empirical data collected through observations outside music venues and football stadia alongside in-depth qualitative interviews with contemporary touts, however, reveal a very different picture. Not only is street touting surviving and thriving, new evidence suggests that the touts’ traditional street spirit and deviant savoir-faire are now effectively being emulated by the same online resale companies that stakeholders are trying to target. In fact, the failed attempts to curb this much-vilified practice can in part be attributed to a widespread neglect of the touts’ traditional offline practices. In particular, the touts’ use of creative strategies to deceive and manipulate consumers, and to exploit longstanding, favorable connections within the official, primary market, continue to elude experts. The article situates touting alongside other illicit-market phenomena that, although impacted by recent technological innovations, still rely on original forms of offline offending. While street touting is seldom mentioned in the debates on regulating tickets, it is the very connection between the illegal resale market's online and offline aspects that could shed light on the areas that most require attention and reform, beyond technology and the bots.
{"title":"The Street Spirit Has Not Faded Out Just Yet: A Criminological Exploration of the Street Methods of U.K. Ticket Touts in a Time of Bots and Illegal Online Resale","authors":"Alessandro Moretti","doi":"10.1177/10575677241234601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677241234601","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of buying and reselling tickets for profit, known in the United Kingdom as ticket touting, can offer insights into the online–offline overlaps of contemporary illicit-market activities. While the technological advancements of the last decades have revolutionized the way in which tickets for U.K. concerts and sporting events are bought and sold, traditional forms of offline touting are arguably far from extinct. And yet the focus and efforts of campaigners, the media, and of (some) members of parliament have been dedicated entirely to the online aspect of illegal ticket resale. Indeed, legislation banning the use of “bots” to purchase tickets was introduced in 2017, and additional measures that only target the online methods of a so-called new generation of touts are again being considered. Empirical data collected through observations outside music venues and football stadia alongside in-depth qualitative interviews with contemporary touts, however, reveal a very different picture. Not only is street touting surviving and thriving, new evidence suggests that the touts’ traditional street spirit and deviant savoir-faire are now effectively being emulated by the same online resale companies that stakeholders are trying to target. In fact, the failed attempts to curb this much-vilified practice can in part be attributed to a widespread neglect of the touts’ traditional offline practices. In particular, the touts’ use of creative strategies to deceive and manipulate consumers, and to exploit longstanding, favorable connections within the official, primary market, continue to elude experts. The article situates touting alongside other illicit-market phenomena that, although impacted by recent technological innovations, still rely on original forms of offline offending. While street touting is seldom mentioned in the debates on regulating tickets, it is the very connection between the illegal resale market's online and offline aspects that could shed light on the areas that most require attention and reform, beyond technology and the bots.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140034371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1177/10575677231224350
Adam Lankford, Hannah R Evans
Susan Brownmiller's groundbreaking book, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape, brought much-needed attention to a tremendously understudied crime and exposed many dangerous misconceptions. However, it also inspired a massive debate about whether sexual violence is primarily driven by desires for sex or power, and that argument persists today. For this study, we treated the book's incidents ( N = 245) as data, instead of as a narrative, and systematically analyzed them. Overall, our findings suggest many perpetrators identified by Brownmiller may have been sexually frustrated, and multiple aspects of their behavior indicate they were seeking sexual relief. At the same time, many also seemed to be seeking increased sexual power to fulfill their desires, and a small subset may have specifically sought revenge against women. Together, these results suggest a potential middle ground exists amidst a polarized debate between scholars with adversarial perspectives.
{"title":"Sex, Power, and Violence: What Do the Rape Incidents in Susan Brownmiller's Against Our Will Actually Show?","authors":"Adam Lankford, Hannah R Evans","doi":"10.1177/10575677231224350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231224350","url":null,"abstract":"Susan Brownmiller's groundbreaking book, Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape, brought much-needed attention to a tremendously understudied crime and exposed many dangerous misconceptions. However, it also inspired a massive debate about whether sexual violence is primarily driven by desires for sex or power, and that argument persists today. For this study, we treated the book's incidents ( N = 245) as data, instead of as a narrative, and systematically analyzed them. Overall, our findings suggest many perpetrators identified by Brownmiller may have been sexually frustrated, and multiple aspects of their behavior indicate they were seeking sexual relief. At the same time, many also seemed to be seeking increased sexual power to fulfill their desires, and a small subset may have specifically sought revenge against women. Together, these results suggest a potential middle ground exists amidst a polarized debate between scholars with adversarial perspectives.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"123 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/10575677231208124
Tara R. Abrahams
{"title":"Book Review: Doing Indefinite Time: An Ethnography of Long-Term Imprisonment in Switzerland by Marti, I.","authors":"Tara R. Abrahams","doi":"10.1177/10575677231208124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231208124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"63 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1177/10575677231214181
J. Schokkenbroek, Koen Ponnet, Wim Hardyns
As romantic relationships in young adulthood (18–25 years) are frequently characterized by experimentation and risk-taking, this could make young adults particularly vulnerable to experience sexual harassment by a dating or committed partner. This study examines young adults’ victimization and perpetration experiences of online and in-person sexual harassment with their dating or committed partner, and explores the role of the Dark Triad personality traits. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 458 young adults, 371 of whom were in a romantic relationship ( Mage = 20.80, SDage = 1.51, 25.6% men). Our findings revealed that all measured sexual harassment experiences were significantly more prevalent among young adults in dating relationships compared to those in committed relationships. Furthermore, in both relationship types, all online and in-person experiences of sexual harassment were significantly linked, indicating that these harmful experiences occur across contexts. Additionally, all victimization and perpetration experiences were significantly linked in both relationship types, meaning that some young adults were both victims and perpetrators of these behaviors. Lastly, we found that sexual harassment was linked to narcissism in dating relationships, but to Machiavellianism in committed relationships, indicating that different strategies may explain these behaviors.
{"title":"Young Adults’ Online and In-Person Sexual Harassment Experiences in Romantic Relationships: Exploring the Role of Relationship Type and Dark Triad Personality Traits","authors":"J. Schokkenbroek, Koen Ponnet, Wim Hardyns","doi":"10.1177/10575677231214181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231214181","url":null,"abstract":"As romantic relationships in young adulthood (18–25 years) are frequently characterized by experimentation and risk-taking, this could make young adults particularly vulnerable to experience sexual harassment by a dating or committed partner. This study examines young adults’ victimization and perpetration experiences of online and in-person sexual harassment with their dating or committed partner, and explores the role of the Dark Triad personality traits. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 458 young adults, 371 of whom were in a romantic relationship ( Mage = 20.80, SDage = 1.51, 25.6% men). Our findings revealed that all measured sexual harassment experiences were significantly more prevalent among young adults in dating relationships compared to those in committed relationships. Furthermore, in both relationship types, all online and in-person experiences of sexual harassment were significantly linked, indicating that these harmful experiences occur across contexts. Additionally, all victimization and perpetration experiences were significantly linked in both relationship types, meaning that some young adults were both victims and perpetrators of these behaviors. Lastly, we found that sexual harassment was linked to narcissism in dating relationships, but to Machiavellianism in committed relationships, indicating that different strategies may explain these behaviors.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1177/10575677231212179
Kristian Haulund Jensen, T. Bengtsson
Young people's leisure activities are a subject of interest and concern. While criminal engagement is a key concern, video gaming has long been in focus for its possible deteriorating effects threatening societal values and interests. As it is often the case with studies on deviancy, studies on problematic gaming frequently rest upon an assumption that risk exists independently of everyday life context and thus use isolated “risk” variables to measure problematic gaming. Contrarily, this study argues that, in gaming, risk cannot be separated from everyday life. We analyze 35 qualitative interviews with young people and use social constructivist perspectives of risk to show how risk is embedded in everyday practices. We find two dominant risks: The risk of gaming monopolizing everyday life and the risk of overspending. Linked to these risks is the social risk of being excluded from the friendship group. We also find that young people integrate discourses of gaming addiction into their risk perceptions and that they actively strive to balance their gaming by avoiding “becoming addicted.” Our findings challenge assumptions that video games carry inherent risks of addiction and prompt an approach to risk in gaming as not being separated from the context of everyday life.
{"title":"Gaming Between Leisure and Addiction: How Young People Perceive Risk in Video Games","authors":"Kristian Haulund Jensen, T. Bengtsson","doi":"10.1177/10575677231212179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231212179","url":null,"abstract":"Young people's leisure activities are a subject of interest and concern. While criminal engagement is a key concern, video gaming has long been in focus for its possible deteriorating effects threatening societal values and interests. As it is often the case with studies on deviancy, studies on problematic gaming frequently rest upon an assumption that risk exists independently of everyday life context and thus use isolated “risk” variables to measure problematic gaming. Contrarily, this study argues that, in gaming, risk cannot be separated from everyday life. We analyze 35 qualitative interviews with young people and use social constructivist perspectives of risk to show how risk is embedded in everyday practices. We find two dominant risks: The risk of gaming monopolizing everyday life and the risk of overspending. Linked to these risks is the social risk of being excluded from the friendship group. We also find that young people integrate discourses of gaming addiction into their risk perceptions and that they actively strive to balance their gaming by avoiding “becoming addicted.” Our findings challenge assumptions that video games carry inherent risks of addiction and prompt an approach to risk in gaming as not being separated from the context of everyday life.","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1177/10575677231206816
Libardo José Ariza
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Prison life. Pain, resistance and purpose</i> by O'Donnell, I.","authors":"Libardo José Ariza","doi":"10.1177/10575677231206816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677231206816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51797,"journal":{"name":"International Criminal Justice Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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