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Initiatives to boost resilience towards El Niño in Zimbabwe’s rural communities 提高津巴布韦农村社区应对厄尔尼诺现象能力的举措
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1194
J. Matunhu, S. Mago, V. Matunhu
Most Zimbabweans living in rural areas experience acute shortages of water for domestic and agricultural purposes. Household poverty amongst rural inhabitants is also increasing because of factors such as El Niño-induced droughts, overdependence on donor assistance and government’s failure to invest in sufficient water infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to interrogate the initiatives that have been taken to alleviate food insecurity in Zimbabwe’s rural communities. Under the spotlight are the strategies that rural communities and other stakeholders embraced to adapt to the effects of El Niño and to reduce food poverty. We used extensive literature review methodology and explorative qualitative design to investigate how rural communities and other stakeholders in Zimbabwe deal with the issues of food security in the context of persistent El Niño-induced droughts. The results show that rural communities in Zimbabwe continue to experience food security challenges that require collaboration between communities, government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and other stakeholders to build resilience against El Niño-induced droughts. Modernising water supply systems and agricultural management systems can improve the efficiency and effectiveness in food production and distribution.
大多数生活在农村地区的津巴布韦人生活和农业用水严重短缺。由于厄尔尼诺引发的干旱、过度依赖捐助者援助以及政府未能投资于充足的水利基础设施等因素,农村居民的家庭贫困也在增加。本文的目的是询问为缓解津巴布韦农村社区的粮食不安全状况而采取的举措。备受关注的是农村社区和其他利益攸关方为适应厄尔尼诺影响和减少粮食贫困而采取的战略。我们使用了广泛的文献综述方法和探索性定性设计来调查津巴布韦农村社区和其他利益攸关方如何在持续的厄尔尼诺引发的干旱背景下处理粮食安全问题。结果表明,津巴布韦农村社区继续面临粮食安全挑战,需要社区、政府、非政府组织和其他利益攸关方之间的合作,以建立抵御厄尔尼诺引发的干旱的能力。现代化供水系统和农业管理系统可以提高粮食生产和分配的效率和效益。
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引用次数: 2
Using financial instruments and PPP schemes for building resilience to natural disasters 利用金融工具和公私伙伴关系计划建设抵御自然灾害的能力
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818750-0.00005-2
Felix Villalba-Romero, C. Liyanage
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引用次数: 1
Business continuity as a means to strengthen disaster risk reduction in a coastal community of oyster farmers 业务连续性作为加强沿海牡蛎养殖户社区减少灾害风险的手段
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818750-0.00013-1
R. Rodolfo, M. Lapus
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引用次数: 2
Index 指数
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818750-0.09993-1
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引用次数: 0
The role of climate-smart agriculture in reducing the methane emission in rice fields of Northern Iran 气候智能型农业在减少伊朗北部稻田甲烷排放中的作用
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v12i1.838
E. Pourkhiz, S. Hosseini, S. V. Alavi, F. L. Ara
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引用次数: 0
Book review of ‘Disaster by choice: How our actions turn natural hazards into catastrophes 《选择灾难:我们的行为如何将自然灾害变成灾难》书评
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.4102/JAMBA.V12I1.996
Gideon van Riet
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 42
Table of Contents Vol 11, No 1, 2 & 3 (2019) 目录第11卷第1、2、3期(2019)
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-12-19 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v11i1.930
Editorial Office
No abstract available.
没有摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency analysis of agricultural drought of maize in Sabie River catchment in South Africa 南非萨比河流域玉米农业干旱频率分析
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-11-06 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v11i1.549
Eric M Masereka, G. Ochieng, J. Snyman
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a staple food in South Africa. Under dryland farming, drought is a major limiting factor for maize production. The yield of maize is drastically reduced when rainfall is limited and erratic during the growing season. In order to formulate strategies of reducing the impact of drought on maize production, it is necessary to analyse the magnitude and frequency of drought. The objective of this study was to carry out the magnitude and frequency analysis of agricultural drought events of maize in the Sabie River catchment in order to formulate methods of reducing the impact of drought on maize production in the catchment. The maize growing season in the Sabie River catchment begins in October and ends in February the following year. In this study, the maize growing season was divided into three growing periods based on the month maize is planted. The growing periods were: October to December, November to January and December to February. Simple water balance model in the root zone was applied to determine the minimum amount of rainfall required to meet the water requirement of maize in each growing period in all the eight rainfall zones into which the Sabie River catchment is divided. Empirical frequency analysis and stochastic frequency analysis of the agricultural drought events of maize were carried out. From the study, the return period of agricultural drought events of maize was found to be different for each rainfall zone, and the growing period ranges from 1.78 years to 2.68 years. These results are important for hydrological modellers in that they show that it is necessary to determine the best fit probability distribution for frequency analysis of hydrological events rather than assuming one as the best fit. In all rainfall zones, maize was least prone to drought in the growing period of October to December. Based on the results of the study, development of water resource infrastructure for irrigation and adoption of drought-tolerant varieties of maize was recommended to reduce the high risk of agricultural drought of maize in the Sabie River catchment.
玉米是南非的主食。在旱地农业中,干旱是玉米生产的一个主要限制因素。当生长季节降雨量有限且不稳定时,玉米产量会大幅下降。为了制定减少干旱对玉米生产影响的策略,有必要分析干旱的程度和频率。本研究的目的是对萨比河流域玉米的农业干旱事件进行幅度和频率分析,以制定减少干旱对该流域玉米生产影响的方法。萨比河流域的玉米生长季节从10月开始,到次年2月结束。在本研究中,玉米生长季节根据种植玉米的月份分为三个生长期。生长期为:10月至12月,11月至1月,12月至2月。在Sabie河流域划分的所有八个降雨区中,根区的简单水平衡模型被应用于确定满足玉米在每个生长期的需水量所需的最小降雨量。对玉米农业干旱事件进行了经验频率分析和随机频率分析。研究发现,每个降雨区玉米农业干旱事件的重现期不同,生长期从1.78年到2.68年不等。这些结果对水文建模者来说很重要,因为它们表明,有必要确定水文事件频率分析的最佳拟合概率分布,而不是假设其为最佳拟合。在所有降雨区,玉米在10月至12月的生长期最不容易干旱。根据研究结果,建议开发灌溉水资源基础设施,并采用耐旱玉米品种,以降低萨比河流域玉米农业干旱的高风险。
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引用次数: 1
Monitoring droughts in Eswatini: A spatiotemporal variability analysis using the Standard Precipitation Index 斯威士兰干旱监测:使用标准降水指数的时空变异分析
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v11i1.712
Daniel H Mlenga, A. Jordaan
The spatiotemporal analysis of drought is of great importance to Eswatini as the country has been facing recurring droughts with negative impacts on agriculture, the environment and the economy. In 2016, the country experienced the most severe drought in over 35 years, resulting in food shortages, drying up of rivers as well as livestock deaths. The frequent occurrence of extreme drought events makes the use of drought indices essential for drought monitoring, early warning and planning. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) for near real-time and retrospective drought monitoring in Eswatini. The 3-, 6- and 12-month SPI were computed to analyse the severity and onset of meteorological drought between 1986 and 2017. The results indicated that the climate of Eswatini exhibits geospatial and temporal variability. Droughts intensified in terms of frequency, severity and geospatial coverage, with the worst drought years being 1985–1986, 2005–2006 and 2015–2016 agricultural seasons. Moderate droughts were the most prevalent, while the frequency of severe and very severe droughts was low. Most parts of the country were vulnerable to mild and moderate agricultural droughts. Spatial analysis showed that the most severe and extreme droughts were mostly experienced in the Lowveld and Middleveld agro-ecological zones. The 3-, 6- and 12-month SPI computations conducted in January detected the onset of early season drought, thereby affirming the applicability of the index for monitoring near real-time and retrospective droughts in Eswatini. Drought monitoring using the SPI provides information for early warning, particularly in drought-prone areas, by depicting a drought before the effects are felt.
干旱的时空分析对斯威士兰来说非常重要,因为该国一直面临着对农业、环境和经济产生负面影响的反复干旱。2016年,该国经历了35年来最严重的干旱,导致粮食短缺、河流干涸以及牲畜死亡。极端干旱事件的频繁发生使得干旱指数的使用对于干旱监测、预警和规划至关重要。本研究的目的是评估标准降水指数(SPI)在斯威士兰近实时和回顾性干旱监测中的适用性。计算了3个月、6个月和12个月的SPI,以分析1986年至2017年间气象干旱的严重程度和发生情况。结果表明,斯威士兰的气候具有地理空间和时间变异性。干旱在频率、严重程度和地理空间覆盖率方面加剧,最严重的干旱年份是1985-1986年、2005-2006年和2015-2016年的农业季节。中度干旱最为普遍,而严重和非常严重干旱的频率较低。该国大部分地区易受轻度和中度农业干旱的影响。空间分析表明,最严重和极端的干旱大多发生在Lowveld和Middleveld农业生态区。1月份进行的3个月、6个月和12个月SPI计算发现了早季干旱的开始,从而证实了该指数在斯威士兰监测近实时和回顾性干旱方面的适用性。使用SPI的干旱监测通过在感受到影响之前描述干旱,为早期预警提供信息,特别是在干旱易发地区。
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引用次数: 13
Coping with drought: Reflection of communal cattle farmers in Umzingwane district in Zimbabwe 应对干旱:对津巴布韦乌姆津瓦内地区社区养牛户的反思
IF 1.4 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-10-15 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v11i1.813
T. Ndlovu
The frequency of drought presents huge challenges to rural farming communities in rural Africa. To circumvent negatives of drought, rural Zimbabwean farmers have devised coping strategies some of which are detrimental to the cattle enterprise. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this article sought to examine prevalent coping strategies in Umzingwane district in Zimbabwe, some of which lay a foundation for building resilience drought. Qualitative approaches underpinned by descriptive survey design guided data collection processes with structured and non-structured questionnaires administered to unravel drought coping behaviours of rural farmers. The findings reflect that farmers largely rely on moisture-sensitive coping strategies, an indication that rural farmers have not embraced contemporary cattle management practices. The coping strategies reflect a poorly engaged farming community which has been relegated to mere spectators in the industry, despite owning a significant fraction of the national herd. Communal farmers are encouraged to embrace savings clubs, insurance and fodder banks concepts to complement natural grazing and decisively deal with drought by spreading the risks and investing in proactive processes.
干旱的频繁发生给非洲农村的农业社区带来了巨大的挑战。为了避免干旱带来的负面影响,津巴布韦农村农民制定了一些应对策略,其中一些对养牛企业是有害的。本文利用可持续生计框架,试图考察津巴布韦乌姆津瓦内地区普遍存在的应对策略,其中一些策略为建立抗旱能力奠定了基础。以描述性调查设计为基础的定性方法指导了数据收集过程,采用结构化和非结构化问卷调查,揭示了农村农民的干旱应对行为。研究结果表明,农民在很大程度上依赖于对湿度敏感的应对策略,这表明农村农民还没有接受当代的养牛管理实践。这些应对策略反映了一个参与度很低的农业社区,尽管拥有全国很大一部分牛群,但在这个行业中,他们已经沦为纯粹的旁观者。鼓励社区农民接受储蓄俱乐部、保险和饲料银行的概念,以补充自然放牧,并通过分散风险和积极投资来果断应对干旱。
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引用次数: 6
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Jamba-Journal of Disaster Risk Studies
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