Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454854
Ronald Petrlic, David Stiegler
There is no transparency in email security today. Neither senders of emails know beforehand how well the email transport is protected, nor receivers know after reception of an email how well the email was protected during transport. We make use of a solution that provides transparency towards the senders of emails and extend the solution by providing transparency towards recipients as well. We present an Outlook plugin that provides the feedback to the recipient.
现在的电子邮件安全没有透明度。无论是电子邮件的发送方，还是接收方，在收到电子邮件后，都不知道电子邮件在传输过程中受到了怎样的保护。我们利用一种解决方案为邮件发送者提供透明度，并通过为收件人提供透明度来扩展该解决方案。我们推出的 Outlook 插件可向收件人提供反馈。
{"title":"Towards Transparency in Email Security","authors":"Ronald Petrlic, David Stiegler","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454854","url":null,"abstract":"There is no transparency in email security today. Neither senders of emails know beforehand how well the email transport is protected, nor receivers know after reception of an email how well the email was protected during transport. We make use of a solution that provides transparency towards the senders of emails and extend the solution by providing transparency towards recipients as well. We present an Outlook plugin that provides the feedback to the recipient.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"10 3","pages":"1046-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454725
Kotaro Uchida, Mikiya Yoshida, Hiroyuki Koga
Internet of Things (loT) services that provide stream-oriented communications have become increasingly popular, and the demand for such services is expected to grow in the future. For example, data stream services used in automated driving and connected cars require low latency and real-time communication, but it is also essential to reduce loss rates as much as possible to provide high-quality services. Therefore, we propose a semi-reliable communication scheme to provide real-time communication with low latency and loss rates by using Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique at relay routers in networks, and show its effectiveness.
{"title":"A Study on Semi-Reliable Communications for Real-Time Data Stream Services","authors":"Kotaro Uchida, Mikiya Yoshida, Hiroyuki Koga","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454725","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (loT) services that provide stream-oriented communications have become increasingly popular, and the demand for such services is expected to grow in the future. For example, data stream services used in automated driving and connected cars require low latency and real-time communication, but it is also essential to reduce loss rates as much as possible to provide high-quality services. Therefore, we propose a semi-reliable communication scheme to provide real-time communication with low latency and loss rates by using Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique at relay routers in networks, and show its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"110 1","pages":"1086-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454776
Shivam Barke, Gautam Srivastava
In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), in-tegrating blockchain technology has brought about significant enhancements in security and transparency. Nevertheless, the union of these two domains grapples with persistent challenges in performance and scalability. A dilemma confronts developers and researchers: the intricate interplay between security, scalability, and performance in various consensus protocols tailored for implementing blockchain within loT ecosystems. This research paper proposes an innovative consensus protocol to tackle these challenges while striking an optimal equilibrium among these tripartite factors. Central to this proposal is introducing a hybrid architectural framework that bridges the world of loT devices and cloud service providers via distinct regional entities, all united in the objective of consensus through a novel voting mechanism hinged on reputationbased mechanisms. The core of this voting mechanism is a dynamic ensemble of nodes, each endowed with unique roles - encompassing ordinary nodes, verifiers, and assemblers. The protocol employs a random selection mechanism through a verifiable random function (VRF) to designate assem-blers, ensuring a level playing field. At the heart of the reputation model lies an analysis of region-specific traffic patterns, granting privileges to nodes that demonstrate trustworthy behaviour and high rates of request fulfillment. Extending this framework is an incentive mechanism designed to maintain the network's organic and dynamic allocation of roles. Simulation results benchmarked against Ethereum provide results of the ReVo consensus protocol for latency and transaction throughput. This paper also analyses the protocol working through a novel use case of Taxi Providers and Taxi Ride Consumer Services. Index Terms-Blockchain, Consensus Algorithm, Reputation, Internet Of things, Hybrid blockchain, Voting.
在物联网（IoT）领域，整合区块链技术大大提高了安全性和透明度。然而，这两个领域的结合在性能和可扩展性方面一直面临着挑战。开发人员和研究人员面临着一个难题：为在 loT 生态系统中实施区块链而定制的各种共识协议中，安全性、可扩展性和性能之间存在着错综复杂的相互作用。本研究论文提出了一种创新的共识协议，以应对这些挑战，同时在这些三方因素之间实现最佳平衡。该建议的核心是引入一个混合架构框架，通过不同的区域实体将 loT 设备和云服务提供商连接起来，并通过基于信誉机制的新型投票机制将所有实体团结在达成共识的目标上。这种投票机制的核心是节点的动态组合，每个节点都被赋予了独特的角色--包括普通节点、验证者和组装者。该协议通过可验证随机函数（VRF）采用随机选择机制来指定装配者，确保公平竞争。声誉模型的核心是分析特定区域的流量模式，向表现出值得信赖的行为和高请求满足率的节点授予特权。扩展这一框架的是一种激励机制，旨在保持网络角色的有机和动态分配。模拟结果以以太坊为基准，提供了 ReVo 共识协议在延迟和交易吞吐量方面的结果。本文还通过出租车提供商和出租车搭乘消费者服务的新型用例分析了该协议的工作原理。索引词条--区块链、共识算法、声誉、物联网、混合区块链、投票。
{"title":"ReVo: A Hybrid Consensus Protocol for Blockchain in the Internet of Things through Reputation and Voting Mechanisms","authors":"Shivam Barke, Gautam Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454776","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT), in-tegrating blockchain technology has brought about significant enhancements in security and transparency. Nevertheless, the union of these two domains grapples with persistent challenges in performance and scalability. A dilemma confronts developers and researchers: the intricate interplay between security, scalability, and performance in various consensus protocols tailored for implementing blockchain within loT ecosystems. This research paper proposes an innovative consensus protocol to tackle these challenges while striking an optimal equilibrium among these tripartite factors. Central to this proposal is introducing a hybrid architectural framework that bridges the world of loT devices and cloud service providers via distinct regional entities, all united in the objective of consensus through a novel voting mechanism hinged on reputationbased mechanisms. The core of this voting mechanism is a dynamic ensemble of nodes, each endowed with unique roles - encompassing ordinary nodes, verifiers, and assemblers. The protocol employs a random selection mechanism through a verifiable random function (VRF) to designate assem-blers, ensuring a level playing field. At the heart of the reputation model lies an analysis of region-specific traffic patterns, granting privileges to nodes that demonstrate trustworthy behaviour and high rates of request fulfillment. Extending this framework is an incentive mechanism designed to maintain the network's organic and dynamic allocation of roles. Simulation results benchmarked against Ethereum provide results of the ReVo consensus protocol for latency and transaction throughput. This paper also analyses the protocol working through a novel use case of Taxi Providers and Taxi Ride Consumer Services. Index Terms-Blockchain, Consensus Algorithm, Reputation, Internet Of things, Hybrid blockchain, Voting.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"15 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454670
Shunsuke Kamiwatari, Masaaki Ito, I. Kanno, Kengo Ando, Koji Ishibashi
In this paper, we present a novel approach to analog beam selection in cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (CF-mMIMO) systems employing hybrid beamforming (BF) over millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels. In conventional CF-mMIMO systems with hybrid BF, an analog beam is selected by a central processing unit (CPU) from a predefined codebook. This selection is based on the received power at each access point (AP) and the fairness among user equipment (UE). However, this conventional method disregards the potential impact of interference and heavily relies on digital BF to mitigate it. Consequently, when utilizing low-complexity digital BF techniques such as maximum ratio transmission (MRT), the system's performance experiences degradation. Our proposed beam selection method takes into account both the received power and the interference power, effectively mitigating the influence of interference while maintaining an adequate level of received power. The numerical simulations validate the efficacy of our proposed approach.
{"title":"Interference-Aware Analog Beam Selection for Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Hybrid Beamforming Over Millimeter-Wave Channels","authors":"Shunsuke Kamiwatari, Masaaki Ito, I. Kanno, Kengo Ando, Koji Ishibashi","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454670","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a novel approach to analog beam selection in cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (CF-mMIMO) systems employing hybrid beamforming (BF) over millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels. In conventional CF-mMIMO systems with hybrid BF, an analog beam is selected by a central processing unit (CPU) from a predefined codebook. This selection is based on the received power at each access point (AP) and the fairness among user equipment (UE). However, this conventional method disregards the potential impact of interference and heavily relies on digital BF to mitigate it. Consequently, when utilizing low-complexity digital BF techniques such as maximum ratio transmission (MRT), the system's performance experiences degradation. Our proposed beam selection method takes into account both the received power and the interference power, effectively mitigating the influence of interference while maintaining an adequate level of received power. The numerical simulations validate the efficacy of our proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"77 4","pages":"696-701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454820
Khanh Nam Nguyen, Kenichi Takizawa
Camera-assisted prediction-based handover has been implemented in a proactive manner for an indoor dynamic 60 GHz radio channel. Here, our proposed deep learning model is utilized to forecast the decline in signal quality caused by blockage. The predictive model shows equivalent accuracy and faster training time in comparison with models using state-of-the-art deep learning architectures of ResNet-18 and ResNet-50, owing to its suitability to the data obtained in the proposed handover experiment. Accordingly, a proactive physical layer handover method is proposed, which is based on the link quality prediction. This method outperforms handover in a reactive man-ner, as evidenced by longer connected duration, demonstrating its feasibility of malntaining a seamless connection.
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Proactive Physical Layer Handover using Cameras for Indoor Environment","authors":"Khanh Nam Nguyen, Kenichi Takizawa","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454820","url":null,"abstract":"Camera-assisted prediction-based handover has been implemented in a proactive manner for an indoor dynamic 60 GHz radio channel. Here, our proposed deep learning model is utilized to forecast the decline in signal quality caused by blockage. The predictive model shows equivalent accuracy and faster training time in comparison with models using state-of-the-art deep learning architectures of ResNet-18 and ResNet-50, owing to its suitability to the data obtained in the proposed handover experiment. Accordingly, a proactive physical layer handover method is proposed, which is based on the link quality prediction. This method outperforms handover in a reactive man-ner, as evidenced by longer connected duration, demonstrating its feasibility of malntaining a seamless connection.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"364-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454788
T. Murakami, Naoki Aihara, Yu Tsukamoto, Akio Ikami, H. Shinbo, Yoshiaki Amano
We analyze the impact on the wireless quality of time division duplex Cell-Free massive multiple-input multiple-output (TDD CF-mMIMO) caused by phase variation in reference signals that modulate RF signals due to clock distribution over a radio access network (RAN). Phase variation in reference signals causes temporal phase variation due to temporal difference in transmission and reception in TDD. In addition, since APs are distributed among a RAN, phase variation also occurs due to clock distribution through fronthaul depending on the placement of reference clocks (RCs), which is a challenge for practical wide-area deployment. We propose RC distribution for practical user-centric RAN, considering use of IEEE 1588 or radio over fiber (RoF) technology. We analyze phase variation of reference signals and evaluate SINR of TDD CF-mMIMO by numerical simulations, revealing that clock distribution from distributed RCs with RoF secures high SINR.
{"title":"Analysis of Clock Distribution in User-centric Radio Access Network for Cell-Free Massive MIMO","authors":"T. Murakami, Naoki Aihara, Yu Tsukamoto, Akio Ikami, H. Shinbo, Yoshiaki Amano","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454788","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the impact on the wireless quality of time division duplex Cell-Free massive multiple-input multiple-output (TDD CF-mMIMO) caused by phase variation in reference signals that modulate RF signals due to clock distribution over a radio access network (RAN). Phase variation in reference signals causes temporal phase variation due to temporal difference in transmission and reception in TDD. In addition, since APs are distributed among a RAN, phase variation also occurs due to clock distribution through fronthaul depending on the placement of reference clocks (RCs), which is a challenge for practical wide-area deployment. We propose RC distribution for practical user-centric RAN, considering use of IEEE 1588 or radio over fiber (RoF) technology. We analyze phase variation of reference signals and evaluate SINR of TDD CF-mMIMO by numerical simulations, revealing that clock distribution from distributed RCs with RoF secures high SINR.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"106 1","pages":"815-818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454736
Suzumi Sato, Hayato Shimano, Megumi Saito, Shigeru Shimamoto, N. Kobayashi
Smartphone can be used to operate IoT devices and access services such as smartphone game, but prolonged use cause gaming disorder. Gaming disorder was published as an international disease in 2022 by World Health Organization (WHO). Gaming disorder is a symptom of an inability to control the amount of time spent playing games daily. In recent years, the number of patients with gaming disorder has been increasing and there are not enough hospitals to treat them, so it is necessary to cure gaming disorder by oneself without visiting hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the stress that users are under while playing games, and to provide remedial measures such as encouraging rest within a reasonable range. Since this paper is an initial study, stress evaluation of users during smartphone game playing. To evaluate the stress using biometric information, we obtain temporal changes in radio wave intensity by reflecting radio waveform in the 2.4 GHz band to the chest, and pulse wave and respiration waveforms by signal processing, from which 17 parameters that are attributable to stress. From the one-month smartphone usage logs, 16 subjects with short average game time per month and 18 subjects with long average game time per month are extracted. Since it can be assumed that the stress state during game play differs between the groups with short and long average game time, comparison of the difference in variation during game play using stress-induced parameters and binary classification using machine learning to evaluate the user's stress state. Since this method uses two antennas in the 2.4GHz band, it will be possible to measure stress using smartphones in the future, contributing to the understanding of stress that is likely to be held unconsciously.
{"title":"Stress Evaluation with Biometric Information Using Smartphone by Radio Wave Reflection","authors":"Suzumi Sato, Hayato Shimano, Megumi Saito, Shigeru Shimamoto, N. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454736","url":null,"abstract":"Smartphone can be used to operate IoT devices and access services such as smartphone game, but prolonged use cause gaming disorder. Gaming disorder was published as an international disease in 2022 by World Health Organization (WHO). Gaming disorder is a symptom of an inability to control the amount of time spent playing games daily. In recent years, the number of patients with gaming disorder has been increasing and there are not enough hospitals to treat them, so it is necessary to cure gaming disorder by oneself without visiting hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the stress that users are under while playing games, and to provide remedial measures such as encouraging rest within a reasonable range. Since this paper is an initial study, stress evaluation of users during smartphone game playing. To evaluate the stress using biometric information, we obtain temporal changes in radio wave intensity by reflecting radio waveform in the 2.4 GHz band to the chest, and pulse wave and respiration waveforms by signal processing, from which 17 parameters that are attributable to stress. From the one-month smartphone usage logs, 16 subjects with short average game time per month and 18 subjects with long average game time per month are extracted. Since it can be assumed that the stress state during game play differs between the groups with short and long average game time, comparison of the difference in variation during game play using stress-induced parameters and binary classification using machine learning to evaluate the user's stress state. Since this method uses two antennas in the 2.4GHz band, it will be possible to measure stress using smartphones in the future, contributing to the understanding of stress that is likely to be held unconsciously.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"63 4","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454646
Luca Davoli, Laura Belli, Gianluigi Ferrari, Elisa Londero, Paolo Azzoni
Nowadays, the need to efficiently process information in Internet of Things (IoT)-oriented heterogeneous scenarios has increased significantly, e.g., in all scenarios where unobtrusive environmental monitoring is beneficial for the involved people (e.g., inside public transport vehicles, indoor workplaces and offices, large public infrastructures, etc.). This objective typically requires the combination of heterogeneous IoT systems, which need to efficiently share information, e.g., through the Web of Things (WoT) paradigm. In this paper, we propose an edge computing-oriented flexible WoT architecture, with distributed intelligence, for air quality monitoring and prediction inside a public transport bus. Our results show that the proposed architecture allows seamless integration of heterogeneous IoT systems according to a WoT perspective, exploiting the device/edge/fog computing continuum and using containerized and secure processing modules.
{"title":"An Edge Computing-Oriented WoT Architecture for Air Quality Monitoring in Mobile Vehicular Scenarios","authors":"Luca Davoli, Laura Belli, Gianluigi Ferrari, Elisa Londero, Paolo Azzoni","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454646","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the need to efficiently process information in Internet of Things (IoT)-oriented heterogeneous scenarios has increased significantly, e.g., in all scenarios where unobtrusive environmental monitoring is beneficial for the involved people (e.g., inside public transport vehicles, indoor workplaces and offices, large public infrastructures, etc.). This objective typically requires the combination of heterogeneous IoT systems, which need to efficiently share information, e.g., through the Web of Things (WoT) paradigm. In this paper, we propose an edge computing-oriented flexible WoT architecture, with distributed intelligence, for air quality monitoring and prediction inside a public transport bus. Our results show that the proposed architecture allows seamless integration of heterogeneous IoT systems according to a WoT perspective, exploiting the device/edge/fog computing continuum and using containerized and secure processing modules.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"43 6","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454704
Ion Turcanu, German Castignani, Sébastien Faye
The concept of Digital Twin (DT) holds great potential for all sectors seeking to monitor, automate, and optimize their processes. This paper focuses specifically on Digital Twin Networks (DTNs) and City Digital Twins (CDTs), offering an analysis of the relevant literature while exploring their interrelationship, which is essential for urban planners and network operators. Although DTN is foreseen as a pillar of future 5G and 6G network architectures, it is often addressed in isolation in the existing literature (i.e., with limited consideration of other domain-specific constraints), even though it constitutes an essential asset in urban environments. In contrast, CDT is often based on the idea of infallible connectivity, which is an optimistic assumption. This study details the benefits and challenges associated with the integration of DTNs into CDTs, paving the way for further research in this field.
{"title":"On the Integration of Digital Twin Networks into City Digital Twins: Benefits and Challenges","authors":"Ion Turcanu, German Castignani, Sébastien Faye","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454704","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Digital Twin (DT) holds great potential for all sectors seeking to monitor, automate, and optimize their processes. This paper focuses specifically on Digital Twin Networks (DTNs) and City Digital Twins (CDTs), offering an analysis of the relevant literature while exploring their interrelationship, which is essential for urban planners and network operators. Although DTN is foreseen as a pillar of future 5G and 6G network architectures, it is often addressed in isolation in the existing literature (i.e., with limited consideration of other domain-specific constraints), even though it constitutes an essential asset in urban environments. In contrast, CDT is often based on the idea of infallible connectivity, which is an optimistic assumption. This study details the benefits and challenges associated with the integration of DTNs into CDTs, paving the way for further research in this field.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"68 10","pages":"752-758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the reliability of wireless communication is paramount to ensuring safety. Received Signal Strength (RSS) map is particularly beneficial for safe robot operation, for example. However, accurately estimating an RSS map poses significant challenges, particularly when higher frequency bands are employed for broadband communications. Therefore, it is also important to not only further enhance the accuracy of the estimation, which is the target of many existing methods, but also design system that can tolerate errors in the estimation. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing a digital twin that represents the quality of the wireless network using probability distributions. Representing data probabilistically proves effective for risk-sensitive robot control or robust planning of base station positioning. We propose using a graphical model known as Markov Random Field (MRF), to depict the spatial structure of the RSS map. The probability distribution of the RSS value at each point within the space is provided as the marginal probabilities of the MRF. We then evaluated the proposed method in our own 28 GHz Private 5G environment and extensively studied the characteristics of indoor millimeter radio communication. We confirmed that each estimated point can be well estimated by probability distribution using the proposed method. In addition, the design of error toler-ance based probability distribution is discussed. By determining a margin on the estimated expected value based on the standard deviation of the estimated distribution, the margin can be set more efficiently than by determining a uniform margin for each points.
{"title":"Enhancing Indoor Millimeter Radio Communication: A Probabilistic Approach to RSS Map Estimation","authors":"Daiki Kodama, Kenji Ohira, Hideyuki Shimonishi, Toshiro Nakahira, Daisuke Murayama, Tomoaki Ogawa","doi":"10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454887","url":null,"abstract":"In Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the reliability of wireless communication is paramount to ensuring safety. Received Signal Strength (RSS) map is particularly beneficial for safe robot operation, for example. However, accurately estimating an RSS map poses significant challenges, particularly when higher frequency bands are employed for broadband communications. Therefore, it is also important to not only further enhance the accuracy of the estimation, which is the target of many existing methods, but also design system that can tolerate errors in the estimation. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing a digital twin that represents the quality of the wireless network using probability distributions. Representing data probabilistically proves effective for risk-sensitive robot control or robust planning of base station positioning. We propose using a graphical model known as Markov Random Field (MRF), to depict the spatial structure of the RSS map. The probability distribution of the RSS value at each point within the space is provided as the marginal probabilities of the MRF. We then evaluated the proposed method in our own 28 GHz Private 5G environment and extensively studied the characteristics of indoor millimeter radio communication. We confirmed that each estimated point can be well estimated by probability distribution using the proposed method. In addition, the design of error toler-ance based probability distribution is discussed. By determining a margin on the estimated expected value based on the standard deviation of the estimated distribution, the margin can be set more efficiently than by determining a uniform margin for each points.","PeriodicalId":518411,"journal":{"name":"2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","volume":"63 7","pages":"241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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