Archaeological Research in Asia最新文献_第8页

Home, annex or pied-à-terre? Assessing the socioeconomic dimension of small-sized built environments at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Central Anatolia 家，附属还是附属-à-terre？评估新石器时代Çatalhöyük，安纳托利亚中部小型建筑环境的社会经济维度

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100619

Aroa García-Suárez

Built environments provide valuable information on domestic and group activities, the development of household identities, and the changing use of space. In the case of Neolithic communities in the Near East, interpretations have often been articulated around the concept of autonomous households as the principal elements of social and economic organisation, each occupying discrete buildings that showed a high degree of spatial standardisation. However, a strong research focus on the architectural homogeneities of domestic buildings may have masked differentiations promoted by variable economic and social practices.

This paper aims to draw attention to the multiple forms in which buildings occurred at the clustered settlement of Çatalhöyük (Türkiye) by focusing on the insufficiently studied small-sized built environments, those under ca. 10m² in extension. Assumed to be socially and economically dependent on larger houses, the functional role that these small constructions played in the constitution of the large settled community at Çatalhöyük has been seldom explored.

This study uses thin-section micromorphology to examine the stratigraphic sequence of a small built environment, Space 87, observed in the field to display a complex life-history spanning multiple phases of occupation and architectural renovation. Micro-contextual analyses have contributed to unravelling formation processes, transformations, and use and concepts of space in this structure. Results highlight the great degree of dynamism and symbolic evidence of Space 87, akin to that observed in larger buildings, as reflected by multiple burials, recurrent floor refurbishments and fire installation replacements. The micro-stratigraphic history of this small built environment points to the repeated restructuring of its living space as a means to balance the architectural standardisation traditionally displayed by Neolithic buildings at Çatalhöyük with the adaptations to changes in its socio-economic function and risks to its constructional integrity.

人造环境为家庭和群体活动、家庭身份的发展以及空间使用的变化提供了宝贵的信息。在近东的新石器时代社区中，人们经常围绕自治家庭的概念进行解释，将其作为社会和经济组织的主要元素，每个家庭占据独立的建筑，显示出高度的空间标准化。然而，对国内建筑同质性的强烈研究可能掩盖了不同经济和社会实践所促进的差异。本文旨在通过关注未充分研究的小型建筑环境（扩展面积约为10平方米），引起人们对Çatalhöyük （t rkiye）集群聚落中建筑的多种形式的关注。假设这些小型建筑在社会和经济上依赖于大型房屋，这些小型建筑在Çatalhöyük大型定居社区的构成中所扮演的功能角色很少被探索。本研究使用薄切片显微形态学来研究空间87这个小型建筑环境的地层序列，以展示跨越多个占领和建筑改造阶段的复杂生活史。微观语境分析有助于揭示这种结构中的形成过程、转换、使用和空间概念。结果突出了空间87的巨大活力和象征性证据，类似于在大型建筑中观察到的，反映在多次埋葬，反复翻新地板和更换消防装置上。这个小型建筑环境的微观地层历史表明，其生活空间的反复重构是平衡新石器时代建筑（Çatalhöyük）传统建筑标准化与适应其社会经济功能变化和建筑完整性风险的一种手段。

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引用次数: 0

Chronology and ecology of early islanders in the Philippines: The Mindoro Archaeology Project 菲律宾早期岛民的年代学和生态学：民都洛岛考古项目

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100616

Alfred F. Pawlik , Riczar B. Fuentes , Marie Grace Pamela G. Faylona , Trishia Gayle R. Palconit , Tanya Uldin

The investigation and excavation of caves and rockshelters located at the southern end of Occidental Mindoro produced significant artefacts, data, and information related to the initial arrival and colonization of the Philippine archipelago by anatomically modern humans. The sites provided several indications for the increasing adaptation to maritime environments and delivered evidence for their behavioural and technological complexity. Mindoro lies along a direct route to reach the main islands of the Philippines coming from the Asian mainland via Borneo and Palawan. Since 2010, surveys conducted in the karstic regions of Ilin Island and Sta. Teresa, Magsaysay have mapped and explored over 40 caves and rockshelters. Particularly the sites of Bubog 1, Bubog 2, Cansubong 2 Cave, and Bilat Cave, have delivered cultural and biological materials that chronicle human habitation and adaptation to maritime and coastal environments over a period of 35–40,000 years. Early islanders in the region intensively foraged for molluscs and other marine invertebrates along the coast, employed different techniques to catch a variety of reef and pelagic fish as well as terrestrial animals, and were embedded in maritime networks with access to transfer routes, through which technology, information, and ideologies were disseminated over long distances and across Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and possibly also reaching the Southeast Asian mainland. The results of the archaeological research in Mindoro contribute to our understanding of the processes of human island adaptation, complement ongoing research on the peopling of Southeast Asia, and enhance current knowledge of prehistoric subsistence strategies across the region.

对位于西民都洛岛南端的洞穴和岩石避难所的调查和挖掘，产生了与解剖学上的现代人最初到达和殖民菲律宾群岛有关的重要文物、数据和信息。这些地点提供了对海洋环境日益适应的几个迹象，并提供了它们行为和技术复杂性的证据。民都洛岛位于一条从亚洲大陆经婆罗洲和巴拉望岛直达菲律宾主要岛屿的路线上。自2010年以来，在伊林岛和四川喀斯特喀斯特地区进行了调查。Teresa和Magsaysay已经绘制并探索了40多个洞穴和岩洞。特别是Bubog 1、Bubog 2、Cansubong 2洞穴和Bilat洞穴遗址，提供了记载人类居住和适应海洋和沿海环境35-40,000年的文化和生物材料。该地区的早期岛民沿着海岸密集地觅食软体动物和其他海洋无脊椎动物，采用不同的技术捕捉各种珊瑚礁和远洋鱼类以及陆生动物，并嵌入海洋网络，获得转移路线，通过这些网络，技术，信息和意识形态远距离传播，并跨越东南亚岛屿（ISEA），甚至可能到达东南亚大陆。民都洛岛考古研究的结果有助于我们了解人类岛屿适应过程，补充正在进行的东南亚人口研究，并增强当前对该地区史前生存策略的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Hunter-gatherer-builders: 70 years of research at the Natufian hamlet of Eynan-Mallaha (upper Jordan Valley, Israel) 狩猎-采集-建造：在以色列约旦河谷上游的纳图夫村庄Eynan-Mallaha进行的70年研究

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100618

Fanny Bocquentin , Elisa Caron-Laviolette , Niels Fourchet , Laurent Davin , Brent Whitford , Louise Heccan , Erwan Le Gueut , Julie Bessenay-Prolonge , Aurélie Montagne Bôrras , Lior Weissbrod

Since 1955, research at Eynan-Mallaha has unraveled an exceptionally thick, well-preserved, and detailed archaeological sequence spanning from the Early to the Final Natufian. Among other important findings, the site has yielded a relatively high number of stone constructions, comprising semi-circular and circular semi-subterranean buildings, divulging a clear evolutionary trend in early building activity. Here we review the work that has been carried out in regard to Eynan-Mallaha's constructions, from the site's discovery to the latest discoveries from our renewed excavations. Archival records from earlier excavations at the site are considered here in detail for the first time using digitization tools and high-resolution data acquisition techniques. Our focus is on a series of nested buildings (Loci 148–131–51-62) occupied at different times during the Early Natufian, which is re-evaluated here in light of cumulative and more fine-grained stratigraphic data, architectural analysis from the emerging field of Building Archaeology, and GIS-aided analysis combining archival and recent datasets. We argue for the development of a strong sense of place and permanence at Eynan-Mallaha, attested by the nuanced series of continuities in and modifications to the documented constructions from one generation to another through the constantly repaired and recycled built-up space.

自1955年以来，在埃南-马拉哈的研究已经揭开了一个异常厚的、保存完好的、详细的考古序列，从早期到最后的纳图夫人。在其他重要发现中，该遗址出土了相对较多的石头建筑，包括半圆形和圆形半地下建筑，揭示了早期建筑活动的明显进化趋势。在这里，我们回顾了关于埃南-马拉哈建筑的工作，从遗址的发现到我们重新挖掘的最新发现。这里首次使用数字化工具和高分辨率数据采集技术详细研究了该遗址早期挖掘的档案记录。我们的重点是早期纳图夫不同时期的一系列嵌套建筑（地点148-131-51-62），根据累积和更细颗粒的地层数据，建筑考古学新兴领域的建筑分析，以及结合档案和最新数据集的gis辅助分析，在这里重新评估。我们主张在Eynan-Mallaha发展一种强烈的地方感和持久性，通过不断修复和回收的建筑空间，从一代到另一代对记录建筑的一系列细微的连续性和修改证明了这一点。

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引用次数: 0

Complex hunter-gatherers and first farmers in southern China 复杂的狩猎采集者和中国南方最早的农民

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100615

Guangmao Xie , Xiaoying Chen , Zhangwang Meng , Yan Wu , Charles Higham

Our understanding of adaptation by hunter-gatherers in Southern China and Southeast Asia to one of the richest habitats known, has for long been dominated by the investigation of cave sites. These have provided a seriously biased interpretation that stressed transient occupation by small, mobile groups. We here provide the first Bayesian-modelled radiocarbon chronologies for three key sites in Guangxi Province, southern China. Yahuai was occupied thrice between ca. 44 ka and 16.2 ka. Jiangxi'an is an extensive settlement located on the bank of the Zuo River with two occupation phases dated between 9500 and 8300 BP. Ganzao, a second open site, lies nearby on the same river bank and extensive excavations have revealed nearly 100 burials, together with a rich assemblage of material and biological remains dated between 10,300–9500 BP. These river-bank settlements and contemporary coastal sites evidence a radically different adaptation to that derived from rock shelters alone, that coincided with the Holocene thermal optimum and provide a compelling image of the affluent, sedentary hunter-gatherer communities that encountered and were assimilated by the farmers who penetrated the region from their homeland in the Yangtze River region during the third millennium BCEE.

长期以来，我们对中国南部和东南亚狩猎采集者适应已知最丰富栖息地之一的理解，主要是对洞穴遗址的调查。这些都提供了一种严重偏颇的解释，强调小规模流动群体的短暂占领。我们在这里提供了第一个贝叶斯模型的放射性碳年表在广西，中国南部的三个关键地点。约44 ka至16.2 ka之间，雅怀被占领过三次。江西是位于左河岸边的一个广泛的定居点，有两个占领阶段，时间在公元前9500年到8300年之间。甘枣是第二个开放遗址，位于同一河岸附近，经过广泛的挖掘，发现了近100个墓葬，以及丰富的物质和生物遗迹，可追溯到10300 - 9500年前。这些河岸定居点和当代沿海遗址证明了一种与岩石庇护所截然不同的适应方式，这与全新世的热最佳状态相吻合，并提供了一幅令人信服的画面：富裕的、定居的狩猎采集社区，在公元前三千年从长江流域的家园渗透到该地区，并被农民同化。

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引用次数: 0

A discussion of the astronomical observation relic at the Taosi site: Querying the present interpretation of the rammed earth structures excavated in IIFJT1 of the Taosi site excavation, Shanxi Province, China 陶寺遗址天文观测遗迹探讨——对山西陶寺遗址考古发掘IIFJT1夯土结构现有解释的质疑

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100617

Kejia Huang

The Taosi site, located in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province, is a significant late Neolithic archaeological site, which is widely regarded as a central area of early Chinese civilization. Among its most notable discoveries is a large rammed-earth platform, initially identified as China's earliest astronomical observatory. However, the specific function of this structure remains a topic of ongoing scholarly debate. This study reassesses the platform's function through a comprehensive analysis of its spatial location, the relationship to adjacent structures, its construction techniques, and its associated groove features. The findings reveal that the eastern wall obstructs the view of the rising sun, and the platform's position against the wall precludes sunset observations, which challenges the traditional interpretation of its use as astronomical observation and timekeeping. The structural continuity between the platform and the wall suggests that they may belong to the same category of construction. Furthermore, the analysis of the grooves suggests that their formation is likely related to rammed-earth construction methods, mechanical considerations, or subsequent erosion, thereby weakening the argument that these features were designed for astronomical observation. This study offers a fresh perspective on the function of the platform, contributing to a deeper understanding of the Taosi site's actual purpose. This study seeks to advance the ongoing study of the Taosi site by providing new insights into the structure, with the aim of fostering further academic discussion.

陶寺遗址位于山西省襄汾市，是一个重要的新石器时代晚期考古遗址，被广泛认为是早期中国文明的中心地区。其中最著名的发现是一个大型夯土平台，最初被认定为中国最早的天文台。然而，这种结构的具体功能仍然是一个正在进行的学术辩论的主题。本研究通过综合分析平台的空间位置、与邻近结构的关系、施工技术以及相关的凹槽特征，重新评估了平台的功能。研究结果表明，东墙阻挡了日出的视线，平台对墙的位置阻碍了日落观测，这挑战了它作为天文观测和计时的传统解释。平台和墙体之间的结构连续性表明它们可能属于同一类型的建筑。此外，对这些沟槽的分析表明，它们的形成可能与夯土施工方法、机械因素或随后的侵蚀有关，从而削弱了这些特征是为天文观测而设计的论点。这项研究为该平台的功能提供了一个新的视角，有助于更深入地了解淘寺网站的实际目的。本研究旨在通过提供对桃寺遗址结构的新见解来推进正在进行的研究，旨在促进进一步的学术讨论。

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引用次数: 0

The Burmese hare as a palaeoecological indicator: A stable isotope analysis from archaeological sites in Thailand 缅甸野兔作为古生态指标：来自泰国考古遗址的稳定同位素分析

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-03-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100614

Larkin Chapman , Cyler Conrad , Caitlin S. Ainsworth , Cholawit Thongcharoenchaikit , Emily Lena Jones

Although abundant in mainland southeast Asian landscapes, the Burmese hare, Lepus peguensis, is rare in the paleozoological record: only 49 specimens of this cryptic species have been recovered from archaeological contexts and virtually none from paleontological deposits. Due to this rarity, little is known about the hare in prehistory, despite the fact that it may, like other leporid taxa, provide valuable paleoecological information. In this paper, we present a pilot dataset of stable isotope values for the Burmese hare. We sampled five specimens from two late prehistoric archaeological sites in Thailand, Non Nok Tha and the Bang Site, as well as one 20th century biological sample. The variation seen in our pilot results demonstrates the value of stable isotope analyses of Burmese hare remains as a potential ecological indicator and highlights a promising avenue for future research. We advocate searching for more hares in the paleozoological record to better explore both anthropogenic and climatic change in mainland Southeast Asia.

尽管缅甸野兔（Lepus peguensis）在东南亚大陆的景观中非常丰富，但在古动物学记录中却很罕见：从考古背景中只发现了49个这种神秘物种的标本，而从古生物沉积物中几乎没有发现过。由于这种稀有性，人们对野兔在史前的了解很少，尽管它可能像其他leporid类群一样，提供有价值的古生态信息。在本文中，我们提出了缅甸野兔稳定同位素值的试点数据集。我们从泰国的两个史前晚期考古遗址Non Nok Tha和Bang Site采集了五个标本，以及一个20世纪的生物样本。在我们的试点结果中看到的变化表明了缅甸野兔稳定同位素分析作为潜在生态指标的价值，并突出了未来研究的有希望的途径。我们主张在古动物记录中寻找更多的野兔，以更好地探索东南亚大陆的人为和气候变化。

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引用次数: 0

Middle and late Pleistocene environmental conditions in the vicinity of the Paleolithic Huadian cave in Northeast China 东北旧石器时代花店洞附近中、晚更新世环境条件

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100613

Honghao Niu , Laurent Marquer , Dorothy Sack , Qiankun Quan , Chunxue Wang

Understanding interactions between early hominins and their surrounding environment is an important goal in archaeological research. Studies of these interactions provide crucial insights into human evolution, adaptability, cultural development, and ecological impact, offering lessons for both past and present. Huadian Cave, one of the earliest human occupation sites in Northeast China, was inhabited in middle and late Pleistocene. Even though excavation of the cave has yielded numerous middle and late Paleolithic lithic artifacts, the area's paleoenvironmental history has remained poorly understood. This study reconstructs the environmental context around the cave using pollen and charcoal data extracted from its sediments. Results reveal a landscape dominated by shrub-grasslands rich in herbaceous taxa, including Taraxacum (mean 14.0 %), Artemisia (mean 11.1 %), and Asteraceae (mean 11.0 %), with sparse tree cover in the vicinity of the cave. Despite stability of the shrub-grassland vegetation type over time, the relative pollen percentages, total plant abundance derived from pollen concentrations, plant diversity, and evenness revealed by palynological diversity indicate significant fluctuations in relative plant composition percentages. Regional and local fire frequencies both exhibit an increasing trend from middle to late Pleistocene. Comparing results of this research to hominin occupation patterns at the cave and regional faunal variations suggests that hominin use of the cave changed from a temporary refuge in middle Pleistocene to a long-term habitat in the late Pleistocene, and this may be attributed to environmental changes as well as advancements in lithic technologies. An observed sharp decline in plant diversity in the vicinity of the cave during the late Pleistocene, accompanied by an exponential increase in local fire frequencies, indicate that these changes may be linked to hominin gathering preferences and fire usage practices, respectively.

了解早期人类与其周围环境的相互作用是考古研究的一个重要目标。对这些相互作用的研究为人类进化、适应性、文化发展和生态影响提供了重要的见解，为过去和现在提供了经验教训。华甸洞是东北地区最早的人类居住遗址之一，形成于更新世中晚期。尽管在洞穴的挖掘中发现了许多旧石器时代中晚期的石器文物，但人们对该地区的古环境历史仍然知之甚少。本研究利用从沉积物中提取的花粉和木炭数据重建了洞穴周围的环境背景。结果表明：洞内景观以灌丛草地为主，分布有丰富的草本植物类群，包括Taraxacum（平均14.0%）、Artemisia（平均11.1%）和Asteraceae（平均11.0%），洞内树木覆盖较少。尽管灌草植被类型随时间的变化具有一定的稳定性，但相对花粉百分比、由花粉浓度得出的植物总丰度、孢粉多样性揭示的植物多样性和均匀性表明相对植物组成百分比存在显著波动。从中更新世到晚更新世，区域和局部火灾频率均呈增加趋势。将研究结果与古人类在洞内的活动模式和区域动物区系差异进行比较，表明古人类对洞的利用从更新世中期的临时避难所转变为更新世晚期的长期栖息地，这可能与环境的变化和石器技术的进步有关。在晚更新世期间，洞穴附近植物多样性急剧下降，同时当地火灾频率呈指数增长，这表明这些变化可能分别与古人类的采集偏好和火灾使用习惯有关。

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引用次数: 0

Living environment of late Neanderthals in NW Altai: Evidences from Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha and Okladnikov caves 阿尔泰西北部晚期尼安德特人的生活环境：来自Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha和Okladnikov洞穴的证据

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100612

V.V. Alekseitseva , N.A. Rudaya , K.A. Kolobova

Today, the Altai Mountains remain the eastmost known border of Neanderthal habitat. They are known to have settled the area twice: hominins of the first wave are found in the Denisova Cave (Denisova 5), while Neanderthals of the second wave come from the Okladnikov, Chagyrskaya and Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha caves. Late Neanderthals migrated to Altai from Europe at the end of MIS 4 and existed there throughout the beginning of MIS 3 to disappear afterwards. However, such issues as Neanderthals' choice of settlement place, their ecological niche and livelihood strategies that determined their living environment still remain relevant. The paper presents the results of a paleoecological study of Late Neanderthal habitat in the Altai, involving both contemporaneous loess sequences and archaeological sites. To reconstruct the living environment, pollen analysis of the Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha Cave sediments was performed as well as the key functional plant types for the Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha and Okladnikov caves were reconstructed. The study has demonstrated that Neanderthals appeared in the Altai in a cold and dry climate and survived in open steppe landscapes. For Europe, this period coincided with Weichselian harsh glacial conditions and was marked by a surge in Neanderthal populations activity. The new data complement those obtained from other studies in particular, paleofaunistic ones.

今天，阿尔泰山脉仍然是尼安德特人栖息地最东边的边界。据了解，尼安德特人曾两次在该地区定居：第一波的古人类是在丹尼索瓦洞穴（Denisova 5）中发现的，而第二波的尼安德特人则是在Okladnikov、Chagyrskaya和Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha洞穴中发现的。晚期尼安德特人在MIS 4末期从欧洲迁移到阿尔泰，并在MIS 3初期一直存在，之后消失。然而，尼安德特人对居住地的选择、生态位和生计策略等决定其生存环境的问题仍然具有相关性。本文介绍了对阿尔泰地区晚期尼安德特人栖息地的古生态研究结果，包括同时期的黄土序列和考古遗址。为了重建生活环境，对Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha洞穴沉积物进行了花粉分析，并对Verkhnyaya Sibiryachikha和Okladnikov洞穴的关键功能植物类型进行了重建。研究表明，尼安德特人出现在寒冷干燥的阿尔泰气候中，并在开阔的草原景观中生存下来。对于欧洲来说，这一时期恰逢魏奇塞利时期严酷的冰川条件，标志着尼安德特人人口活动的激增。新数据补充了从其他研究中获得的数据，特别是古动物研究。

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引用次数: 0

Human figurines in the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition of the South Caucasus: New evidence from the Damjili cave, Azerbaijan 南高加索中石器时代-新石器时代过渡时期的人类雕像：来自阿塞拜疆Damjili洞穴的新证据

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100611

Yoshihiro Nishiaki , Ulviyya Safarova , Fumika Ikeyama , Wataru Satake , Yagub Mammadov

Recent research shows that the Neolithization of the South Caucasus occurred in stages. While domesticated plants and animals were introduced rapidly around 6000 BCE, certain cultural elements typical of the Neolithic might have become common later. This study reports the discovery of a stone human figurine from the Damjili Cave, Azerbaijan, which is the first example from a radiocarbon-dated context of the late Mesolithic in the South Caucasus. Its stylistic features considerably differ from those of Neolithic human figurines in the region, providing a valuable reference point for understanding the cultural processes in symbolic aspects during the Mesolithic-Neolithic interface in the South Caucasus.

最近的研究表明，南高加索地区的新石器时代是分阶段发生的。虽然驯化的动植物在公元前6000年左右被迅速引入，但新石器时代的某些典型文化元素可能在后来变得普遍。这项研究报告了在阿塞拜疆Damjili洞穴中发现的一个石人雕像，这是在南高加索中石器时代晚期放射性碳年代背景下发现的第一个例子。它的风格特征与该地区新石器时代的人类雕像有很大不同，为理解南高加索中石器时代-新石器时代界面的象征性文化过程提供了有价值的参考点。

引用次数: 0

Characterization of black filling in cast designs of Shang dynasty Chinese bronzes 中国商代青铜器铸造图案中黑色填充的特征

IF 0.9 2区历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY

Archaeological Research in Asia

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2025.100602

Donna K. Strahan, Blythe McCarthy

This paper reports on the formation of intentional black fillings in design areas of ancient Chinese bronzes. The black filling in the design channels contrasts with the golden color of the freshly cast bronze. Silicate grains in the cast design channels that appear similar to processed loess used for casting molds formed a base for applying black filling materials. Using Py-GCMS, the major organic component found was composed of fatty acids including azelaic acid, suggesting that a drying oil was used. In addition, evidence of soot and possibly Anacardiaceae lacquer were found.

本文报道了中国古代青铜器设计区域有意黑色填充物的形成。设计通道的黑色填充与新铸青铜的金色形成鲜明对比。铸造设计沟道中的硅酸盐颗粒与用于铸造模具的加工黄土相似，形成了黑色填充材料的基础。利用Py-GCMS，发现主要有机成分是由脂肪酸组成，包括壬二酸，表明使用了一种干燥油。此外，还发现了煤烟的证据，可能还有红心科漆器。

引用次数: 0