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Residual load-carrying capacity of stiffened panels with cracks under uniaxial tension loading considering crack propagation 考虑裂纹扩展的单轴拉伸加筋板的残余承载力
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1904733
P. Fei, Zhang Yuelin, Mu Jinlei, Min Shao-song
ABSTRACT The present work aims to analyse the ultimate strength of cracked stiffened panels under uniaxial tensile load. A series of finite element models of stiffened panels with various plate thickness, crack lengths, crack locations and crack angles are set up. The ultimate strengths are calculated by extended finite element method and the calculated results are compared to results without considering crack propagation. The results show that the thickness has little effect on the ultimate strength of stiffened plates with through cracks. The ultimate load carrying capacity can be overestimated 30–50% without considering crack propagation. The influence of a crack in the plate is larger than that of a crack located in the stiffener. The ultimate strength degrades with the increase of the angle between the crack and the load.
摘要本工作旨在分析有裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度。建立了一系列不同板厚、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置和不同裂纹角度的加筋板的有限元模型。用扩展有限元法计算了极限强度,并将计算结果与不考虑裂纹扩展的结果进行了比较。结果表明,厚度对带贯通裂纹加筋板的极限强度影响不大。在不考虑裂纹扩展的情况下,极限承载能力可能被高估30-50%。板中裂纹的影响大于位于加劲肋中的裂纹的影响。极限强度随着裂纹与载荷夹角的增大而降低。
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引用次数: 2
A framework for rapid virtual prototyping: a case study with the Gunnerus research vessel 快速虚拟原型的框架:以Gunnerus研究船为例研究
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1903128
P. Major, R. Zghyer, Houxiang Zhang, H. P. Hildre
ABSTRACT Virtual prototypes (VPs) are digital models that mock-up existing or conceptual systems' behaviour. In offshore operations, VPs find usages in design, proof of concept for new equipment or method, control system testing, procedure planning, and expert crew training. Moreover, VP can be used in full mission simulators with crews of maritime and offshore engineers, in which case they integrate with control systems such as handles and dynamic positioning systems. Putting the human in the loop sets high requirements for the fidelity of the visual 3D-models and the mathematical models' validity. VPs are thus time-consuming to create and difficult to validate, even based on an existing offshore system. This paper presents an innovative framework for rapid virtual prototyping of ships for hardware and human in the loop simulations and validates the results with data gathered in a sea trial performed on a research vessel, with satisfying results for position keeping. Abbreviations: CLI, Command line interpreter; DP, Dynamic positioning system: ship equipment used to maintain position and heading; DM, Damping matrix; Force FBK, Force Feedback Thruster1; HIL, Hardware in the loop; HITL, Human in the loop; JNI, Java native interface; LC, Loading condition; RAO, Response amplitude operator; RPM, Revolutions per minute; RPM FBK, RPM Feedback Thruster2/3 (Main/Azimuth); SCM, Source code management system; SOG, Speed over ground; VP, Virtual prototyping/prototype; VST, Virtual sea trial; sea trial performed in a simulation
虚拟原型(VPs)是模拟现有或概念系统行为的数字模型。在海上作业中,副总裁在设计、新设备或新方法的概念验证、控制系统测试、程序规划和专家船员培训等方面发挥作用。此外,VP可用于海上和海上工程师的全任务模拟器,在这种情况下,它们与手柄和动态定位系统等控制系统集成在一起。将人置于循环中对视觉三维模型的保真度和数学模型的有效性提出了很高的要求。因此,即使基于现有的海上系统,vp的创建也非常耗时且难以验证。本文提出了一种创新的船舶快速虚拟样机框架,用于硬件和人在环仿真,并通过在一艘科考船上进行的海上试验数据验证了结果,取得了令人满意的位置保持结果。缩写:CLI,命令行解释器;DP:动态定位系统:用于保持船舶位置和航向的设备;DM,阻尼矩阵;力FBK,力反馈推力器;HIL,硬件在循环;人类在循环中;JNI, Java本机接口;LC:加载状态;RAO:响应幅度算子;RPM,每分钟转数;转速FBK,转速反馈推力器2/3(主/方位);单片机,源代码管理系统;SOG:地面速度;虚拟样机/原型副总裁;虚拟海试;在模拟中进行海上试验
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引用次数: 4
The influence of the propeller loading on the thrust deduction fraction 螺旋桨载荷对减推率的影响
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1892934
Simone Saettone, B. Taskar, S. Steen, P. Andersen
ABSTRACT The estimation of the thrust deduction fraction is generally conducted in ideal weather conditions. However, the presence of waves considerably alters the magnitude of this propulsive coefficient. The increased load of the propeller could be the main cause for the variation of the thrust deduction fraction in realistic operating conditions. In this work, load-varying self-propulsion model-scale numerical simulations in calm water conditions for the same ship speed are performed to investigate the influence of the propeller loading on the thrust deduction fraction. The single screw model-scale KVLCC2 tanker is selected as the case study. The results reveal a non-linear inverse correlation between the thrust deduction fraction and the propeller loading. A comparison with model-testing conducted on the KVLCC2 tanker in regular head waves suggests that the propeller loading is the main factor influencing the magnitude of the thrust deduction fraction in waves for the considered case vessel.
推力推导分数的估计通常在理想天气条件下进行。然而,波浪的存在极大地改变了这个推进系数的大小。在实际运行条件下,螺旋桨载荷的增加可能是推力扣除率变化的主要原因。在这项工作中,在相同船速的平静水域条件下,进行了变载荷自推进模型规模的数值模拟,以研究螺旋桨载荷对推力推导分数的影响。选择单螺杆型号KVLCC2型油轮作为案例研究。结果表明,推力扣除率与螺旋桨载荷之间存在非线性逆相关关系。与KVLCC2油轮在规则头波中进行的模型试验的比较表明,螺旋桨载荷是影响所考虑情况下船舶波浪中推力扣除分数大小的主要因素。
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引用次数: 3
Effects of nearshore wave reflections on the behaviour of an axe bow trimaran hull 近岸波浪反射对斧弓三体船船体性能的影响
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1892906
Christopher Lewis McGibbon, Md Jahir Rizvi
ABSTRACT Trimaran hulls have some advantageous features over monohull and twin hull counterparts. Naval architects prefer to use axe bow when the achievement of high speed becomes the main design objective as this type of bow cuts through water rather than rising on top of waves. Structural and hydrodynamic behaviours of an axe bow trimaran depend significantly on its design features as well as the operating environment. However, such behaviours are unknown when the hull experiences nearshore wave reflections. Therefore, a scaled-model hull has been tested in coastal wave basin to investigate its behaviour under nearshore wave reflections focusing mainly on the hull’s motions in various heading directions as well as in various wave frequencies. The results presented also relate motions with the wave pressures indicating that an axe bow trimaran hull, travelling near shorelines, experiences unusual motions and wave loadings when it encounters waves influenced by nearshore reflections.
三体船相对于单体和双体船体具有一些优势。当实现高速成为主要设计目标时,海军建筑师更喜欢使用斧头弓,因为这种类型的弓穿过水面,而不是在波浪上升起。斧弓三体船的结构和水动力性能在很大程度上取决于其设计特点和操作环境。然而,当船体经历近岸波浪反射时,这种行为是未知的。因此,已在海岸波浪池中测试了缩放模型船体,以研究其在近岸波浪反射下的行为,主要关注船体在不同航向和不同波浪频率下的运动。所给出的结果还将运动与波浪压力联系起来,这表明在海岸线附近行驶的斧弓三体船在遇到受近岸反射影响的波浪时,会经历不寻常的运动和波浪载荷。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of scale effects on marine propeller under cavitating and non-cavitating conditions 船用螺旋桨在空化和非空化条件下的尺度效应研究
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1883800
A. Soydan, S. Bal
ABSTRACT In this study, scale effects on the hydrodynamic performance of DTMB 4119 propeller have been investigated in uniform flow under non-cavitating and cavitating conditions by a simple practical method based on OpenFOAM. A potential based Lifting Surface Method has also been applied. A verification study of non-cavitating simulations has been carried out by Grid Convergence Index method at one scale ratio. Then the results have been validated with experiments. Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model of OpenFOAM has been used for the phase change between vapor and liquid. Cavitation simulations have been performed as a time-dependent with dynamic mesh while non-cavitating simulations have been carried out as a steady-state with static mesh. Effects of the scale ratio and cavitation simulations have been investigated and a simple fitting procedure on the thrust and torque values based on logarithm of Reynolds number have been applied. Results have also been compared with ITTC corrections.
摘要本研究采用基于OpenFOAM的简单实用方法,研究了DTMB 4119螺旋桨在非空化和空化条件下的均匀流动中尺度效应对其水动力性能的影响。基于电位的提升面法也得到了应用。采用网格收敛指数法在一个尺度比下进行了非空化模拟的验证研究。并通过实验对结果进行了验证。采用OpenFOAM的Schnerr-Sauer空化模型分析气液相变。空化模拟作为一个随时间的动态网格进行,而非空化模拟作为一个稳态的静态网格进行。研究了尺度比和空化模拟的影响,并采用基于雷诺数对数的简单拟合方法拟合了推力和扭矩值。结果也与ITTC校正进行了比较。
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引用次数: 5
Manoeuvring prediction of a container ship in shallow water using numerical planar motion mechanism 基于数值平面运动机制的集装箱船浅水操纵预测
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1883799
Akhil Balagopalan, P. Krishnankutty
ABSTRACT Manoeuvring behaviour of a vessel changes drastically when it enters from deep water region to a shallow water region. Flow characteristics, around the hull changes and the vessel, respond poorly to the use of control surfaces. Aim of this paper is to study the manoeuvring behavioural changes in a container ship for different water depth conditions. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods are used for simulating static and dynamic captive model tests. Variation in hydrodynamic reaction forces and moments caused by the reduction in water depth and the subsequent effect in hydrodynamic derivatives appearing in the equation of motion are explained in detail. Standard turning circle and zigzag manoeuvring tests are simulated using the CFD generated hydrodynamic derivatives to assess the manoeuvring characteristics of the vessel.
摘要:当船舶从深水区进入浅水区时,其操纵行为会发生剧烈变化。船体变化和船舶周围的流动特性对控制表面的使用反应不佳。本文的目的是研究集装箱船在不同水深条件下的操纵行为变化。计算流体动力学(CFD)方法用于模拟静态和动态捕获模型试验。详细解释了水深减小引起的水动力反作用力和力矩的变化以及运动方程中出现的水动力导数的后续影响。使用CFD生成的流体动力学导数模拟标准转弯圆和Z字形操纵试验,以评估船舶的操纵特性。
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引用次数: 3
Condition assessment of ship structure using robot assisted 3D-reconstruction 机器人辅助三维重建舰船结构状态评估
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2021-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2021.1872219
Faisal Mehmood Shah, T. Gaggero, M. Gaiotti, C. Rizzo
ABSTRACT Ships condition is assessed regularly to maintain safety. Traditionally, structural integrity assessment is performed by surveyors, requiring complex and time-consuming operations to accessany ship space. Imagery based, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of structures is a new area obtaining considerable interest. It can provide low-cost, less disruptive and safer inspection approach. In this study, alternative technologies to generate 3D models, based on photos, are explored. The aim is to highlight how human made ship survey can be improved using robotics technology. A procedure for 3D reconstruction combining photogrammetry/videogrammetry and computer vision techniques is developed, providing an alternative to ease vessel inspections. Moreover, effect of pre-processing image datasets, aimed at improving the performance of 3D reconstruction, is investigated. An efficient image pre-processing pipeline based on computer vision algorithms for colour enhancement, shadow removal and image blurriness is presented. This study can help in effective and reliable decision-making process, due to its user-friendliness and cost effectiveness, mainly for cargo holds requiring frequent assessment because of cargo operations induced damages.
船舶状况定期评估以保持安全。传统上,结构完整性评估是由测量员进行的,需要复杂且耗时的操作才能进入船舶空间。基于图像的结构三维重建是一个备受关注的新领域。它可以提供低成本、低破坏性和更安全的检测方法。在本研究中,我们探索了基于照片生成3D模型的替代技术。其目的是强调如何利用机器人技术改进人工船舶调查。开发了一种结合摄影测量/视频测量和计算机视觉技术的3D重建程序,为船舶检查提供了一种替代方案。此外,为了提高三维重建的性能,研究了预处理图像数据集的效果。提出了一种基于计算机视觉算法的彩色增强、阴影去除和图像模糊预处理流水线。由于该研究的易用性和成本效益,它可以帮助有效和可靠的决策过程,主要是由于货物操作引起的损坏而需要频繁评估的货舱。
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引用次数: 5
Experimental and numerical studies on linear and nonlinear seakeeping phenomena of the DTC ship in regular waves DTC船在规则波中线性和非线性耐波性的实验和数值研究
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2020.1857007
Shukui Liu, F. Sprenger, A. Papanikolaou, G. Dafermos, G. Zaraphonitis
ABSTRACT The paper presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental study on linear and nonlinear seakeeping phenomena, including six degree of freedom (DOF) ship motions, added resistance, drift forces and moments of the DTC containership in regular waves. Obtained numerical results by the 3D panel method NEWDRIFT+ of NTUA-SDL are systematically compared with corresponding experimental data generated within the SHOPERA project (2013–2016) at MARINTEK for various wave headings at low to moderate speeds. The herein presented experimental data are useful not only for validating the employed seakeeping software and others as a benchmark yardstick, but also for the deeper analysis of various open nonlinear seakeeping issues encountered in the prediction of the added resistance and drift forces of modern large containerships in waves.
摘要本文对线性和非线性耐波现象进行了全面的数值和实验研究,包括DTC集装箱船在规则波浪中的六自由度船舶运动、附加阻力、漂移力和力矩。将NTUA-SDL的3D面板法NEWDRIFT+获得的数值结果与MARINTEK SHOPERA项目(2013-2016)中产生的低至中等速度下各种波头的相应实验数据进行了系统比较。本文提供的实验数据不仅有助于验证所使用的耐波性软件和其他作为基准尺度的软件,而且有助于更深入地分析在预测现代大型集装箱船在波浪中的附加阻力和漂移力时遇到的各种开放的非线性耐波性问题。
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引用次数: 5
Advances on simulation of wave-body interactions under consideration of the nonlinear free water surface 考虑非线性自由水面的波体相互作用模拟研究进展
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2020.1836551
D. Ferreira González, U. Göttsche, S. Netzband, M. Abdel‐Maksoud
ABSTRACT The paper refers to a boundary element method (BEM) in the time domain for the simulation of wave-body interactions considering the free water surface. The approach solves the boundary integral equations for the velocity and the acceleration potential. The model of the free water surface in this approach is based on the mixed-Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) method. Validation results are presented for two well-studied test cases. The first validation case is dedicated to the free water surface. Here, the nonlinear wave loads on a truncated cylinder are analysed and compared with a higher-order panel method and experimental data. Second, results of a Wigley hull moving with forward speed in head waves are shown and compared with experimental results published by Kashiwagi. The validation results in both test cases generally show good agreement with published data and demonstrate the ability of BEM to investigate different types of hydrodynamic problems related to wave-body interactions.
本文提出了一种时域边界元方法,用于模拟考虑自由水面的波体相互作用。该方法求解速度和加速度势的边界积分方程。该方法中的自由水面模型基于混合欧拉-拉格朗日(MEL)方法。给出了两个经过充分研究的测试用例的验证结果。第一个验证案例专门针对自由水面。本文分析了截断圆柱上的非线性波浪荷载,并与高阶面板法和实验数据进行了比较。其次,展示了Wigley船体在头波中以向前速度移动的结果,并与Kashiwagi发表的实验结果进行了比较。两个测试案例的验证结果通常与已公布的数据一致,并证明了边界元法研究与波体相互作用相关的不同类型流体动力学问题的能力。
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引用次数: 4
Virtual prototyping of offshore operations: a review 海上作业的虚拟原型:综述
IF 2.2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MARINE Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.1080/09377255.2020.1831840
P. Major, Houxiang Zhang, Hans Petter Hildre, Mathieu Edet
ABSTRACT Virtual prototyping of offshore operations (VPOO) is performed to plan and validate planning of infrequent or demanding operations characterized by high risk and low margins of error in hostile and remote environments distant from emergency response bases that require expensive equipment. Key elements of VPOO is the rapidity of virtual prototyping and the human-centric approach necessitating high quality visuals and real-time time-domain simulation. This survey reviews publications, commercial software and simulators, and regulations on offshore operations. Findings indicate that the VPOO is not common in the industry, offshore operation regulations lag behind the state of the art in industry in terms of mission planning, and this field has been subject to scarce commercial and scientific scrutiny so far. A discussion of future developments and trends concludes the paper.
摘要海上作业的虚拟原型设计(VPOO)是为了规划和验证在远离需要昂贵设备的应急响应基地的敌对和远程环境中进行的以高风险和低误差为特点的不频繁或高要求作业的规划。VPOO的关键要素是虚拟原型的快速性和以人为中心的方法,需要高质量的视觉效果和实时时域模拟。本调查审查了出版物、商业软件和模拟器以及海上作业法规。研究结果表明,VPOO在行业中并不常见,海上作业法规在任务规划方面落后于行业最先进的技术,而且到目前为止,该领域很少受到商业和科学审查。对未来的发展和趋势进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 6
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Ship Technology Research
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