Abstract:Direction can function as a shorthand for power relations or hierarchies: North versus South, East versus West. But such forms of ordering are often unstable and change depending on place or scale. The relationship between the global North and South is not always the same as that between a national north and south. Sunjeev Sahota's The Year of the Runaways (2015) adds another layer of complexity to this problematic binary by bringing its characters from the north of India in the global South to the north of England in the global North. This essay asks how the multiple kinds of northness signaled in the novel transform the idea of the North from a cardinal direction to a shifting, indexical sign. In doing so, it shows how critical attention to northness enables a reimagining of the global South.
{"title":"Northness and the Global South: Sunjeev Sahota's The Year of the Runaways","authors":"P. Murthy","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Direction can function as a shorthand for power relations or hierarchies: North versus South, East versus West. But such forms of ordering are often unstable and change depending on place or scale. The relationship between the global North and South is not always the same as that between a national north and south. Sunjeev Sahota's The Year of the Runaways (2015) adds another layer of complexity to this problematic binary by bringing its characters from the north of India in the global South to the north of England in the global North. This essay asks how the multiple kinds of northness signaled in the novel transform the idea of the North from a cardinal direction to a shifting, indexical sign. In doing so, it shows how critical attention to northness enables a reimagining of the global South.","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"71 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48622591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article illustrates the relevance of postanthropocentric theory (e.g., new materialism, object-oriented ontology and actor-network theory) to postcolonial studies of literature and addresses the task, suggested by Dipesh Chakrabarty, of stretching postcolonial ideas of subjectivity to include the human-nonhuman entwinements made visible by the reality of the Anthropocene. By outlining postcolonial criticisms of postanthropocentric theory, the article highlights common ground between the two theories and argues for new perspectives that postcolonial studies may take from that common ground. It illustrates these new perspectives in a combined postcolonial and postanthropocentric reading of Robinson Crusoe (1719)—an iconic imperalist novel that signals the dawn of a highly anthropocentric imaginary in Western culture. In this respect, the article's reading of Robinson Crusoe does three things: 1) Uncovers the conjunction in the novel of an anthropocentric and imperial imaginary and illustrates how (imperial) literature contributes to the cultural suppression of human-nonhuman entwinements; 2) draws on postanthropocentric theory to show how human-nonhuman divisions cannot be sustained even in literature that triumphantly celebrates human exceptionality; and 3) suggests how a postanthropocentric reading may combine with a de-ontologization of race. The article argues that something always escapes anthropocentric representation, and alterity is inevitably let into any narrative through the connotative and aesthetic work of any referent to reality.
{"title":"Postcolonialism, the Anthropocene, and New Nonhuman Theory: A Postanthropocentric Reading of Robinson Crusoe","authors":"S. Moslund","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article illustrates the relevance of postanthropocentric theory (e.g., new materialism, object-oriented ontology and actor-network theory) to postcolonial studies of literature and addresses the task, suggested by Dipesh Chakrabarty, of stretching postcolonial ideas of subjectivity to include the human-nonhuman entwinements made visible by the reality of the Anthropocene. By outlining postcolonial criticisms of postanthropocentric theory, the article highlights common ground between the two theories and argues for new perspectives that postcolonial studies may take from that common ground. It illustrates these new perspectives in a combined postcolonial and postanthropocentric reading of Robinson Crusoe (1719)—an iconic imperalist novel that signals the dawn of a highly anthropocentric imaginary in Western culture. In this respect, the article's reading of Robinson Crusoe does three things: 1) Uncovers the conjunction in the novel of an anthropocentric and imperial imaginary and illustrates how (imperial) literature contributes to the cultural suppression of human-nonhuman entwinements; 2) draws on postanthropocentric theory to show how human-nonhuman divisions cannot be sustained even in literature that triumphantly celebrates human exceptionality; and 3) suggests how a postanthropocentric reading may combine with a de-ontologization of race. The article argues that something always escapes anthropocentric representation, and alterity is inevitably let into any narrative through the connotative and aesthetic work of any referent to reality.","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"1 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indian Migration and Empire: A Colonial Genealogy of the Modern State by Radhika Mongia (review)","authors":"A. Hazra","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"196 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Bharati Mukherjee by Ruth Maxey (review)","authors":"Tathagata Som","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"191 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66324971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Over the last ten years, a growing number of Indian Anglophone novels have featured a low-caste or Dalit protagonist who is depicted as a fraud or a con artist. Simultaneously, there has been a rise in studies that have criticized these novels for extolling neoliberal values and lacking political vision. This article analyzes one recent novel about caste—Manu Joseph's Serious Men (2011)—by situating it in the same entrepreneurial culture as the real-world self-fashioned "Dalit capitalists." "Dalit capitalism," a term coined by Dalit writer and activist Chandrabhan Prasad, refers to aspirational encounters between Dalits and the forces of global capital. With a desire to narrativize a life unmarked by caste, both the Dalit protagonist of Serious Men and the Dalit capitalists imagine power as unlinked from caste. This article positions conflicted performances of this fantasy as inherent critiques of capitalist forms. Despite their seeming political ineffectiveness, these fantasies resonate with the growing cleavage between Left and Dalit Ambedkarite politics in contemporary India.
{"title":"Purchasing Power, Stolen Power, and the Limits of Capitalist Form: Dalit Capitalists and the Caste Question in the Indian Anglophone Novel","authors":"Akshya Saxena","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Over the last ten years, a growing number of Indian Anglophone novels have featured a low-caste or Dalit protagonist who is depicted as a fraud or a con artist. Simultaneously, there has been a rise in studies that have criticized these novels for extolling neoliberal values and lacking political vision. This article analyzes one recent novel about caste—Manu Joseph's Serious Men (2011)—by situating it in the same entrepreneurial culture as the real-world self-fashioned \"Dalit capitalists.\" \"Dalit capitalism,\" a term coined by Dalit writer and activist Chandrabhan Prasad, refers to aspirational encounters between Dalits and the forces of global capital. With a desire to narrativize a life unmarked by caste, both the Dalit protagonist of Serious Men and the Dalit capitalists imagine power as unlinked from caste. This article positions conflicted performances of this fantasy as inherent critiques of capitalist forms. Despite their seeming political ineffectiveness, these fantasies resonate with the growing cleavage between Left and Dalit Ambedkarite politics in contemporary India.","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"61 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article connects recent work on precarity and postcolonial theory, focusing on Arundhati Roy's representation of spaces of precarity in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. I read The Ministry of Utmost Happiness as an attempt at mapping the neoliberal state and possibilities of resistance that escape its frameworks of surveillance. The novel complicates claims that precarity in post-colonies is a recent occurrence ushered in by the liberalization of their economies in the late 1980s. It does this by tracing the genealogy of earlier forms of precarity through the histories of its characters, specifically that of its protagonist, Anjum, a Hijra. Such histories offer ways of understanding not only marginal constituents of a seemingly all-encompassing neoliberal order but also local traditions of spatial organization used to resist neoliberal incursions. These traditions converge in the novel in the space of a graveyard, where Anjum provides other characters temporary refuge and a model of dissidence that defies conventional parameters of spatial organization legible to the state. The novel posits such illegibility of resistance as an antidote to cooption by the neoliberal state, mirroring the taxonomic resistance that the Hijra offers to the heteronormative nation state.
{"title":"Where Old Birds Go to Die: Spaces of Precarity in Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness","authors":"R. Rajan","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article connects recent work on precarity and postcolonial theory, focusing on Arundhati Roy's representation of spaces of precarity in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. I read The Ministry of Utmost Happiness as an attempt at mapping the neoliberal state and possibilities of resistance that escape its frameworks of surveillance. The novel complicates claims that precarity in post-colonies is a recent occurrence ushered in by the liberalization of their economies in the late 1980s. It does this by tracing the genealogy of earlier forms of precarity through the histories of its characters, specifically that of its protagonist, Anjum, a Hijra. Such histories offer ways of understanding not only marginal constituents of a seemingly all-encompassing neoliberal order but also local traditions of spatial organization used to resist neoliberal incursions. These traditions converge in the novel in the space of a graveyard, where Anjum provides other characters temporary refuge and a model of dissidence that defies conventional parameters of spatial organization legible to the state. The novel posits such illegibility of resistance as an antidote to cooption by the neoliberal state, mirroring the taxonomic resistance that the Hijra offers to the heteronormative nation state.","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"120 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45678326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct Democracy: Collective Power, the Swarm, and the Literatures of the Americas by Scott Henkel (review)","authors":"Michael Truscello","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"181 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45314640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article reconsiders V. S. Naipaul's cultural politics by attending to his work with the BBC in the middle decades of the twentieth century, particularly alongside the midcentury political argument of George Lamming. Because of Naipaul's skepticism of Caribbean autonomy in his later life, critics have overlooked his anticolonial and antiracist critique in the midcentury. This elision has led to a simplification of the Windrush generation's cultural politics. Scholars of these writers often paint Naipaul and Lamming as political opposites; this essay instead draws parallels between their emphases on the development of a Caribbean literary tradition. Through extensive archival work, including the examination of a heretofore unexplored Third Programme discussion, this article sheds new light on the multifarious ways that Windrush writers worked out their mutual desire for aesthetic and cultural autonomy for Caribbean writers.
{"title":"V. S. Naipaul and George Lamming at the BBC: Reconsidering the Windrush Generation's Political Art","authors":"A. Fabrizio","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reconsiders V. S. Naipaul's cultural politics by attending to his work with the BBC in the middle decades of the twentieth century, particularly alongside the midcentury political argument of George Lamming. Because of Naipaul's skepticism of Caribbean autonomy in his later life, critics have overlooked his anticolonial and antiracist critique in the midcentury. This elision has led to a simplification of the Windrush generation's cultural politics. Scholars of these writers often paint Naipaul and Lamming as political opposites; this essay instead draws parallels between their emphases on the development of a Caribbean literary tradition. Through extensive archival work, including the examination of a heretofore unexplored Third Programme discussion, this article sheds new light on the multifarious ways that Windrush writers worked out their mutual desire for aesthetic and cultural autonomy for Caribbean writers.","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"153 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article sheds light on a remarkably widespread trope in the literature of decolonization: the pivotal, political sports scene. It documents a shared experience of Victorian athletic education that persisted in colonial schools well into the twentieth century and explains how writers as varied as R. K. Narayan, Chinua Achebe, Tsitsi Dangarembga, and Derek Walcott turn to sports to understand the broader cultural contest over their work. In dramatic scenes from major decolonial texts, the article argues, local playing fields reveal the true parameters of the world's literary field. Whereas the academy characterizes this field using disciplinary terms such as comparative or world literature, and whereas scholars increasingly emphasize its cosmopolitan or global dimensions, this article builds on the athletic analogies of decolonial texts to propose that the literature of the last century is, instead, competitive and international. Strategizing for this international competition in the short story "Cricket" and the poem "Rites"—and following a playbook first drawn up by James Joyce's Ulysses and Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable—Kamau Brathwaite fixates on the figure of the imperial umpire. To win his independence in an international league, Brathwaite takes the power of arbitration for himself, building his own explanatory system around his poetry and becoming a self-ruled referee.
摘要:本文揭示了非殖民化文学中一个非常普遍的比喻:关键的政治体育场景。它记录了维多利亚时代体育教育的共同经历，这种经历一直持续到20世纪的殖民学校，并解释了R. K. Narayan, Chinua Achebe, Tsitsi Dangarembga和Derek Walcott等作家如何转向体育来理解他们作品中更广泛的文化竞争。文章认为，在主要非殖民化文本的戏剧性场景中，当地的竞争环境揭示了世界文学领域的真实参数。鉴于学术界使用比较文学或世界文学等学科术语来描述这一领域，而学者们越来越强调其世界性或全球维度，本文建立在非殖民化文本的运动类比基础上，提出上个世纪的文学是竞争性和国际性的。在短篇小说《板球》和诗歌《仪式》中，卡茂·布瑞斯韦特为这场国际竞赛制定了策略，并遵循了詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》和穆克·拉杰·阿南德的《不可接触》最初起草的剧本，他把注意力集中在帝国裁判的形象上。为了在国际联赛中赢得独立，布瑞斯韦特为自己争取了仲裁权，围绕自己的诗歌建立了自己的解释体系，成为了一名自治的裁判。
{"title":"Umpire, Empire: Kamau Brathwaite, Athletic Education, and the Literature of Self-Rule","authors":"Miles Osgood","doi":"10.1353/ari.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ari.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article sheds light on a remarkably widespread trope in the literature of decolonization: the pivotal, political sports scene. It documents a shared experience of Victorian athletic education that persisted in colonial schools well into the twentieth century and explains how writers as varied as R. K. Narayan, Chinua Achebe, Tsitsi Dangarembga, and Derek Walcott turn to sports to understand the broader cultural contest over their work. In dramatic scenes from major decolonial texts, the article argues, local playing fields reveal the true parameters of the world's literary field. Whereas the academy characterizes this field using disciplinary terms such as comparative or world literature, and whereas scholars increasingly emphasize its cosmopolitan or global dimensions, this article builds on the athletic analogies of decolonial texts to propose that the literature of the last century is, instead, competitive and international. Strategizing for this international competition in the short story \"Cricket\" and the poem \"Rites\"—and following a playbook first drawn up by James Joyce's Ulysses and Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable—Kamau Brathwaite fixates on the figure of the imperial umpire. To win his independence in an international league, Brathwaite takes the power of arbitration for himself, building his own explanatory system around his poetry and becoming a self-ruled referee.","PeriodicalId":51893,"journal":{"name":"ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE","volume":"52 1","pages":"121 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ari.2021.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47899071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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