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Stung by a Charso-Bee: Daljit Nagra's Macaronic Ramayana 被一只查索蜜蜂迷住了:达尔吉特·纳格拉的《马卡罗尼罗摩衍那》
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0031
Hans-Georg Erney
Abstract:This essay argues that Daljit Nagra's idiosyncratic adaptation of the Ramayana, in which he fuses multiple versions of the ancient epic (from different parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), is more than just a comic version of the Sanskrit classic but represents a serious attempt to ensure an old text's relevance to a new readership. One way that Nagra manages to reach a highly diverse and widely dispersed audience is through his extensive use of interlingual wordplay, a technique that stylistically echoes the earlier diasporic writer Salman Rushdie. Reading this transnational version of the Ramayana through the lens of Jahan Ramazani's concept of a macaronic poetics, the essay analyzes the lexicological, phonological, and typographic effects of Nagra's poem, which combine to produce a faithful retelling of the ancient Hindu epic in a language and style that is thoroughly of the twenty-first century and uses translingual puns to connect the Ramayana to a Western audience as well as the Indian diaspora.
摘要:本文认为,达尔吉特·纳格拉对《罗摩衍那》的独特改编,融合了来自印度次大陆和东南亚不同地区的古代史诗的多个版本,不仅仅是梵文经典的喜剧版本,而且代表了一种认真的尝试,以确保旧文本与新读者的相关性。纳格拉成功接触到高度多样化和广泛分散的读者的一种方式是,他大量使用语言间的文字游戏,这种技巧在风格上与早期散居作家萨尔曼·拉什迪(Salman Rushdie)相呼应。通过Jahan Ramazani的macaronic诗学概念来阅读这个跨国版本的《罗摩衍那》,本文分析了那格拉诗歌的词汇学,音韵学和排版效果,这些因素结合在一起,以一种完全符合21世纪的语言和风格忠实地复述了古代印度史诗,并使用翻译双关语将《罗摩衍那》与西方读者和印度侨民联系起来。
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引用次数: 1
Somewhere between the Colonial and the Postcolonial: An Interview with Gibraltarian Author M. G. Sanchez 在殖民和后殖民之间:对直布罗陀作家桑切斯的采访
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0032
Isabel Alonso-Breto
Abstract:Gibraltar, the British territory located at the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula, is frequently in the news but often confuses outsiders with its political and cultural complexity. Is it a colony, or is it self-governing? What is its relationship to its much larger neighbour across the border, Spain? Is there a Gibraltarian way of thinking? In this interview the Gibraltarian writer and novelist M. G. Sanchez—who has spent the last twenty years expounding on the contradictions and idiosyncrasies at the heart of modern-day Gibraltarian identity—discusses borders, Brexit, coloniality, and hybridity, as well as his latest novel, Gooseman (2020), and his 2018 travelogue, Bombay Journal.
摘要:直布罗陀是位于伊比利亚半岛最南端的英国领土,经常出现在新闻中,但其政治和文化的复杂性经常让外界感到困惑。它是殖民地,还是自治?它与边境对面更大的邻国西班牙有什么关系?有直布罗陀人的思维方式吗?在这次采访中,直布罗陀作家兼小说家M·G·桑切斯讨论了边界、英国脱欧、殖民主义和混合性,以及他的最新小说《古塞曼》(2020)和2018年的游记《孟买日报》。桑切斯在过去二十年里一直在阐述现代直布罗陀身份的核心矛盾和特质。
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引用次数: 0
The Rise of Autobiographical Medical Poetry and the Medical Humanities by Johanna Emeney (review) 约翰娜·埃梅尼自传医学诗的兴起与医学人文(综述)
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0021
Jane Chamberlin
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引用次数: 0
Not Here, Not Now: Remaking Singapore's Chinese Diaspora in The Inlet 不在这里,不在此时:在海湾重新塑造新加坡的华人侨民
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0028
Hui Min Annabeth Leow
Abstract:Through an examination of characters' relationships and encounters in Claire Tham's novel The Inlet (2013), I argue that state narratives of racial identity and national progress may dislocate Singaporean Chinese subjects from a sense of homeliness by engendering nostalgia for an uncertainly located cultural hinterland. My analysis, which addresses the heterogeneity of class and linguistic identities among these subjects, corrects the common misidentification of the Chinese in Singapore as de facto members of a universal Chinese diaspora. Instead, my reading grounds characters in the homeland of Singapore but explores their attitudes toward social and spatial elements that produce a feeling of cultural alienation and challenge their sense of national belonging. In this way, I assert that the pressure to constantly reinvent themselves can unmoor Singaporean Chinese from their psychic and physical landscape, especially amid recent immigration from China as well as historical and ongoing urban redevelopment. This process of reinvention leads to a nostalgic yet anxious subjectivity that characters—and critics—may confuse with belonging to a global Chinese diaspora.
摘要:通过对谭绮丽(Claire Tham)小说《入口》(2013)中人物关系和遭遇的考察,我认为种族认同和民族进步的国家叙事可能会让新加坡华人对一个不确定位置的文化腹地产生怀旧情绪,从而使他们失去一种乡愁感。我的分析解决了这些对象的阶级和语言身份的异质性,纠正了新加坡华人事实上是全球华人侨民的普遍误解。相反,我的阅读以新加坡的祖国为背景,探索他们对社会和空间元素的态度,这些元素产生了一种文化疏离感,挑战了他们的民族归属感。通过这种方式,我断言不断重塑自我的压力可以将新加坡华人从他们的精神和物质景观中解放出来,特别是在最近来自中国的移民以及历史和正在进行的城市重建中。这个重塑的过程导致了一种怀旧而又焦虑的主体性,角色和评论家可能会将其与全球华人侨民的身份混淆。
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引用次数: 1
Actual, Possible, Edible: Metabolic Description in Aminatta Forna's Happiness 实际的,可能的,可食用的:在Aminatta Forna的幸福代谢描述
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0023
Molly MacVeagh
Abstract:This essay responds to critical skepticism about the politics of description and suggests that careful, empirical description does not necessarily endorse the status quo. Against theoretical approaches that see descriptions of everyday life as static "filler" (Moretti 72), this essay reads quotidian details—particularly details about food and eating—as dynamic narrative motors. Taking up Aminatta Forna's 2018 novel, Happiness, alongside debates in the energy humanities, it seeks to illustrate the way Forna's descriptive investment in metabolic cycles serves as a counterdiscourse to her novel's overt valorization of cosmopolitan resilience. In Happiness, what I call "metabolic description" both expands the novel's scale and troubles the ontological boundaries between the eaters and the eaten. It also offers a method of engaging with the energy humanities that moves beyond the thematic to examine the formal. The essay concludes that attention to food descriptions in realist fiction can reveal three things: a literary energy imaginary beyond oil, a dynamic continuity between organism and environment, and an attendant destabilization of the globalized liberal subject.
摘要:这篇文章回应了对描述政治的批判性怀疑,并表明谨慎、实证的描述并不一定支持现状。与将日常生活描述视为静态“填充物”(Moretti 72)的理论方法相反,本文将日常细节——尤其是关于食物和饮食的细节——解读为动态叙事马达。以阿米纳塔·福娜2018年的小说《幸福》为例,结合能源人文学科的辩论,它试图说明福娜对代谢周期的描述性投资是如何与她的小说对世界韧性的公开估价形成对抗的。在《幸福》中,我所说的“新陈代谢描述”既扩大了小说的规模,也打破了进食者和被进食者之间的本体界限。它还提供了一种参与能源人文学科的方法,超越主题来审视形式。文章认为,关注现实主义小说中的食物描述可以揭示三件事:超越石油的文学能量想象,有机体和环境之间的动态连续性,以及随之而来的全球化自由主义主题的不稳定。
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引用次数: 0
The Language of Ireland's Six-Inch Map: Theorizing Standardization in Brian Friel's Translations 爱尔兰六英寸地图的语言:布莱恩·弗里尔翻译中的标准化理论
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0011
Arielle H. Stambler
Abstract:Although Brian Friel's Translations (1980) dramatizes the process of linguistic standardization undertaken by the nineteenth-century Ordnance Survey of Ireland, scholars have yet to use standardization as a conceptual lens for reading the play. Building on Jonathan H. Grossman's argument for standardization as a paradigm for literary study, my reading shifts the focus from what standardization erodes, which is the emphasis of existing scholarship, to how it works. By revealing standardization's mechanics, the play both undermines the map's authority and uncovers what makes it an effective instrument so as to claim the map's power for the very communities it has marginalized. The play's critical insight is that the standardized topographic map technically treats Irish and English names equivalently, a revelation that allows Friel's characters to appropriate the map's logic for a project of Irish cultural repossession. Learning the new place-names morphs into a metaphor for the development of an Irish English idiom, or a uniquely Irish form of English that could serve as a linguistic home not only for the dispossessed in the fictional town of Baile Beag but also for the cultural exiles in Friel's fraught political moment. Translations offers a case study for how the concept of standardization might inform future postcolonial literary analysis.
摘要:尽管布赖恩·弗里尔的《翻译》(1980)戏剧化了19世纪爱尔兰军械调查所进行的语言标准化过程,但学者们尚未将标准化作为阅读剧本的概念镜头。在乔纳森·h·格罗斯曼(Jonathan H. Grossman)将标准化作为文学研究范式的论点的基础上,我的阅读将焦点从标准化所侵蚀的东西(即现有学术的重点)转移到标准化是如何起作用的。通过揭示标准化的机制,该剧既削弱了地图的权威,又揭示了是什么让地图成为一种有效的工具,从而为被它边缘化的社区宣称地图的力量。这部戏剧的关键洞察力在于,标准化的地形图在技术上等同对待爱尔兰和英国的名字,这一启示使弗里尔的角色能够利用地图的逻辑来收回爱尔兰的文化。学习新的地名变成了爱尔兰英语习语发展的隐喻,或者是一种独特的爱尔兰英语形式,不仅可以作为虚构的贝尔比格镇被剥夺的人的语言家园,也可以作为弗里尔令人担忧的政治时刻的文化流亡者的语言家园。翻译提供了一个案例研究如何标准化的概念可能会通知未来的后殖民文学分析。
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引用次数: 0
Publishing African Literature: Towards a Transnational History 出版非洲文学:走向跨国历史
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0013
C. Sandwith
Abstract:There is very little detailed scholarship on the continuities between colonial publishing practices in African contexts and those of the decolonial period. This study seeks to address this gap via an archival reading of two early twentieth-century publishing events as part of a wider transnational history: first, the work of the Lovedale Press in South Africa and, second, the English translation of Thomas Mofolo's Chaka published under the auspices of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures by Oxford University Press. Against the rather vague assertions of dominating colonial publishing practices, this article presents a detailed account of the particular aesthetic and ideological priorities that informed the publishing of African literature in this period and highlights the strategic and inventive practices of African authorship in an inherently asymmetrical colonial publishing field. The essay underlines the longevity of colonial aesthetic and ideological norms in African publishing during the colonial and decolonial periods and the equally long history of African authors' tactical interventions. It also brings a new complexity to established understandings of the publishing field by arguing that the African author as agent and literary craftsperson remains an unrecognisable category within dominant Western schemas.
摘要:关于非洲殖民地出版实践与非殖民化时期出版实践之间的连续性,几乎没有详细的学术研究。这项研究试图通过对20世纪早期两次出版事件的档案解读来解决这一差距,这两次出版活动是更广泛的跨国历史的一部分:第一,南非洛夫代尔出版社的作品,第二,托马斯·莫福罗的《查卡》的英译本,由牛津大学出版社在国际非洲语言与文化研究所的赞助下出版。针对殖民出版实践占主导地位的相当模糊的断言,本文详细描述了这一时期非洲文学出版的特殊美学和意识形态优先事项,并强调了非洲作者在固有的不对称殖民出版领域的战略和创造性实践。这篇文章强调了殖民时期和非殖民时期非洲出版中殖民美学和意识形态规范的悠久历史,以及非洲作家战术干预的悠久历史。它还为对出版领域的既定理解带来了新的复杂性,认为作为代理人和文学工匠的非洲作家在占主导地位的西方模式中仍然是一个不可识别的类别。
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引用次数: 1
Postdependent Eastern Europe: Critical Avenues and Literary Representations 后依附的东欧:批评途径与文学表现
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0015
Martyna Bryla
Abstract:Is Eastern Europe postcolonial? This question has animated scholarly debate in the region and beyond for two decades, and while there is no conclusive answer to it, postcolonial theory has been used to illuminate Eastern Europe's experience of postcommunism and the conflicted legacies of the former system. This essay explores some of the recurring arguments and critical directions in the postcolonial/postcommunist debate, placing particular emphasis on a scholarly compromise between the two: the Polish-born field of postdependence studies, which enables a productive adaptation of postcolonial theory to the specificity of postcommunist cultures. Although the field has been mostly concerned with the Eastern European experience of postdependence, this essay expands the postdependence framework to examine the depiction of postcommunist transitions in three American "safari novels": Arthur Phillips' Prague, John Beckman's The Winter Zoo, and Gary Shteyngart's The Russian Debutante's Handbook. In doing so, this essay traces the emergence of the region's post-1989 reliance on the West and of new patterns of cultural representation, which nevertheless still draw from the patterns consolidated during the Cold War.
摘要:东欧是后殖民主义吗?二十年来,这个问题在该地区及其他地区引发了激烈的学术辩论,虽然没有结论性的答案,但后殖民理论已经被用来阐明东欧后共产主义的经历和前制度的冲突遗产。本文探讨了后殖民/后共产主义辩论中反复出现的一些论点和批评方向,特别强调两者之间的学术妥协:波兰出生的后依赖研究领域,这使得后殖民理论能够有效地适应后共产主义文化的特殊性。尽管这一领域主要关注的是东欧的后依附经历,但本文扩展了后依附的框架,考察了三部美国“狩猎小说”对后共产主义过渡的描述:阿瑟·菲利普斯的《布拉格》、约翰·贝克曼的《冬季动物园》和加里·施特因加特的《俄罗斯初涉社会的少女手册》。在此过程中,本文追溯了1989年后该地区对西方的依赖以及文化表现的新模式的出现,尽管如此,这些模式仍然来自冷战期间巩固的模式。
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引用次数: 2
Deciphering the Transnational Poetics in Wing Tek Lum's The Nanjing Massacre: Poems 解读荣德林《南京大屠杀》中的跨国诗学
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0014
Pingfan Zhang
Abstract:This article examines the transnational poetics embedded in Chinese American poet Wing Tek Lum's 2012 collection The Nanjing Massacre: Poems. Borrowing from Jahan Ramazani's concept of transnational poetics, I show how a transnational perspective reveals the cross-cultural content and formal experiments in Asian American poetry. I examine Lum's intercultural representations of two groups of people: Japanese perpetrators and comfort women. Lum's poetic construction of Japanese perpetrators explores ordinary Japanese soldiers' mentalities, adapts Japanese folklore, and engages with Japanese verse haiku. Lum's portrayals of comfort women reveal how the women have been reduced to objects and symbols of national humiliation, and I argue that his juxtaposition of the Nanjing Massacre with other historical traumas emphasizes universal, war-inflicted sexual trauma. Lum's representations of Japanese perpetrators and comfort women work together to undermine nationalist uses of Nanjing Massacre history memory and instead emphasize transnational war traumas and gender oppression. Situated at the intersection of Asian American poetry studies and studies of the Nanjing Massacre, this article hopes to push beyond narrowly US-bound models of criticism for Asian American poetry and highlights how Lum mobilizes an intercultural way of approaching the Nanjing Massacre.
摘要:本文考察了美籍华裔诗人林2012年的诗集《南京大屠杀:诗歌》中的跨国诗学。借用贾汉•拉马扎尼的跨国诗学概念,我展示了跨国视角如何揭示亚裔诗歌的跨文化内容和形式实验。我研究了Lum对两类人的跨文化表现:日本罪犯和慰安妇。卢对日本犯罪者的诗意建构探索了普通日本士兵的心态,改编了日本民间传说,并融入了日本诗歌俳句。卢对慰安妇的描绘揭示了这些妇女是如何沦为国耻的对象和象征的。我认为,他将南京大屠杀与其他历史创伤并置,强调了普遍的、战争造成的性创伤。卢对日本罪犯和慰安妇的描述共同破坏了民族主义对南京大屠杀历史记忆的利用,转而强调跨国战争创伤和性别压迫。本文站在亚裔诗歌研究和南京大屠杀研究的交叉点上,希望突破美国对亚裔诗歌的狭隘批评模式,强调卢如何调动跨文化的方式来处理南京大屠杀。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophical Posthumanism by Francesca Ferrando (review) 弗朗切斯卡·费兰多的哲学后人文主义(综述)
IF 0.3 2区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1353/ari.2021.0017
Annika Rosanowski
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引用次数: 0
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ARIEL-A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LITERATURE
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