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Maternal Inclinations, Queer Orientations, Common Occupation 母性倾向、酷儿取向、共同职业
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233111
Isabell Dahms
ABSTRACT This article explores queer spatial and feminist coalitional practices through Adriana Cavarero's concept of maternal and mimetic “inclinations”, Sara Ahmed's concept of queer “orientations” and a political action by the English Collective of Prostitutes (ECP). It argues that through these paradigms, social histories become central to philosophical thinking about subjectivity. Ahmed and Cavarero conceive of subjectivity through postural and spatial relations. To explore how spatial and postural relations generate subjectivities, I focus on an example of a deliberate political takeover of space. In the article, Ahmed and Cavarero's concepts are explored through a historical analysis of the 1982 takeover of Holy Cross Church (London, UK) by the ECP. This political action offers a different starting point for philosophical inquiry and proposes an additional response by orienting and inclining us towards a feminist coalitional practice and commons that builds support without minimising difference. The paper will show that the conceptual tools of Cavarero, Ahmed and the ECP can be productively brought into conversation and used to conceptualise maternal inclinations through queer spatial relations and feminist coalitional practices.
本文通过Adriana Cavarero的母性和模仿“倾向”概念、Sara Ahmed的酷儿“取向”概念以及英国妓女团体(ECP)的政治行动来探讨酷儿空间和女权主义联盟的实践。它认为,通过这些范式,社会历史成为哲学思考主体性的核心。艾哈迈德和卡瓦雷罗通过姿势和空间关系来构思主体性。为了探索空间和姿势关系是如何产生主体性的,我将重点放在一个故意的政治接管空间的例子上。在这篇文章中,Ahmed和Cavarero的概念是通过对1982年ECP接管圣十字教堂(英国伦敦)的历史分析来探讨的。这一政治行动为哲学探究提供了一个不同的起点,并提出了一种额外的回应,通过将我们导向并倾向于女权主义联盟实践和公地,在不最小化差异的情况下建立支持。本文将表明,Cavarero, Ahmed和ECP的概念工具可以有效地引入对话,并通过酷儿空间关系和女权主义联盟实践用于概念化母性倾向。
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引用次数: 0
Mimetic Inclinations: An Introduction 模仿倾向:导论
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233108
N. Lawtoo, W. Verkerk, Adriana Cavarero
At first glance, it may appear perplexing to join the ancient concept of “mimesis” with the contemporary concept of “inclinations” via the title of “mimetic inclinations” – and for more than one reason. After all, Plato staged a philosophical critique of mimetic arts in the Republic via the trope of a metaphysical mirror that turns the real world into an appearance, a shadow, or a phantom far removed from reality. As such, the scene was staged for an agonistic confrontation that pits the philosopher against the artist, placing the abstract Forms in the vertical sky of eternal ideas in tension with the horizontally inclined world of aesthetic simulations. From the vertical,meta-physical perspective, the dominant definition of mimesis understood as a mirroring copy or representation of reality that in-forms (gives form to) Western metaphysics is thus at odds with the pluralism internal to an embodied, dramatic, and relationally inclined ontology that, contra Plato, is now reappearing on the contemporary philosophical scene. This relational ontology is constitutive of what the Italian feminist philosopher, classicist, and political theorist Adriana Cavarero has recently grouped under the rubric of “inclinations” (inclinazioni). She provides a different position, or disposition, towards others that troubles the ideal of a self-possessed, autonomous, and solipsistic subject in favour of a magnetic and affective “force”. This force inclines subjectivity towards alterity – thereby proposing a different ontological posture to rethink ethical and political relations constitutive of being in common with others in this world. Adriana Cavarero is one of the most influential contemporary Italian philosophers writing today. A feminist thinker with a pluralist training in classics, political theory, and literary theory, Cavarero is a protean theorist whose work spans the history of Western philosophy – from Plato to Kant, Hannah Arendt to Judith Butler, and beyond. Furthermore, she develops a pluralist thought that goes beyond ancient quarrels between philosophy and literature to rethink the human condition for present and future generations. Cavarero’s influential and now classic works like In Spite of Plato (1995), Relating Narratives (2000), Stately Bodies (2002), For More than one Voice (2005), Horrorism (2008), and, more recently, Inclinations (2014) and Surging Democracy (2021) have rethought the foundations of the subject through a relational ontology attentive to vulnerability, precarity, and care, which she posits at the foundations of an ethics of non-violence. These concepts have been important for influential anglophone theorists like Judith Butler and Bonnie Honig, for instance.
乍一看,将古代的“模仿”概念与当代的“倾向”概念通过“模仿倾向”的标题联系在一起似乎令人费解,原因不止一个。毕竟,柏拉图在《理想国》中对模仿艺术进行了哲学批判,通过形而上学的镜子的比喻,将现实世界变成了远离现实的表象、阴影或幽灵。因此,这一幕上演了一场激烈的对抗,让哲学家与艺术家对立起来,将抽象形式置于永恒思想的垂直天空中,与审美模拟的水平倾斜世界相张力。从垂直的、元物理的角度来看,拟态的主要定义被理解为对现实的镜像复制或再现,这种复制或再现是西方形而上学的形式(给予形式),因此与体现的、戏剧性的、关系倾向的本体论内部的多元主义不一致,与柏拉图相反,现在正在当代哲学舞台上重新出现。这种关系本体论构成了意大利女权主义哲学家、古典主义者和政治理论家阿德里亚娜·卡瓦雷罗(Adriana Cavarero)最近在“倾向”(inclinazioni)的标题下分组的内容。她为他人提供了一种不同的立场或性格,这种立场或性格困扰着一个自我控制的、自主的、唯我论的主体的理想,而支持一种具有磁性和情感的“力量”。这种力量使主体性倾向于另类——从而提出了一种不同的本体论姿态来重新思考构成与这个世界上其他人共同存在的伦理和政治关系。阿德里亚娜·卡瓦雷罗是当代意大利最有影响力的哲学家之一。卡瓦雷罗是一位女权主义思想家,在古典文学、政治理论和文学理论方面接受过多元主义的训练。卡瓦雷罗是一位千变万化的理论家,他的作品跨越了西方哲学史——从柏拉图到康德,从汉娜·阿伦特到朱迪思·巴特勒,等等。此外,她发展了一种超越古代哲学与文学之争的多元主义思想,重新思考当代和后代的人类状况。卡瓦雷罗的影响深远的经典作品,如《尽管柏拉图》(1995)、《相关叙述》(2000)、《威严的身体》(2002)、《不止一种声音》(2005)、《恐怖主义》(2008),以及最近的《倾向》(2014)和《澎湃的民主》(2021),通过关注脆弱性、不稳定性和关怀的关系本体论,重新思考了这一主题的基础,她认为这是非暴力伦理的基础。这些概念对朱迪思·巴特勒(Judith Butler)和邦妮·霍尼格(Bonnie Honig)等有影响力的英语理论家很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Inclining Mimesis: Continuing the Dialogue with Adriana Cavarero 倾向模仿:继续与阿德里亚娜·卡瓦雷罗的对话
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233114
N. Lawtoo, Adriana Cavarero
ABSTRACT In this article, Adriana Cavarero and Nidesh Lawtoo resume a dialogue on mimetic inclinations in view of furthering a relational, embodied and affective conception of subjectivity that challenges homo erectus from the immanent perspective of homo mimeticus. If a dominant philosophical tradition tends to restrict mimesis to an illusory representation of reality, Plato was the first to know that mimesis also operates as an affective force, or pathos, that dispossesses the subject. While Plato tended to emphasize the pathological implications of mimesis, Cavarero and Lawtoo agree that both mimesis and inclinations go beyond good and evil and can be put to both pathological and democratic use. Picking up a dialogue started during a walk in New York City, Cavarero and Lawtoo, take their shared interests in Joseph Conrad's relating narratives as an occasion to discuss good and bad mimetic inclinations in contemporary politics and ethics. Joined in conclusion by the Gendered Mimesis team (Willow Verkerk, Isabelle Dahms and Giulia Rignano), topics addressed include new fascism, surging democracy, ethical responsibility for vulnerable others, hypermaternity and public happiness in a precarious world.
摘要在这篇文章中,Adriana Cavarero和Nidesh Lawtoo就拟态倾向展开了对话,以期从拟态的内在角度进一步推进一种关系的、具体的和情感的主体性概念,挑战直立人。如果说一个占主导地位的哲学传统倾向于将模仿限制为对现实的虚幻再现,那么柏拉图是第一个知道模仿也是一种情感力量或悲情,它剥夺了主体。虽然柏拉图倾向于强调模仿的病理含义,但卡瓦雷罗和劳托一致认为,模仿和倾向都超越了善和恶,可以被用于病理和民主。Cavarero和Lawtoo在纽约市散步时开始了一场对话,他们对约瑟夫·康拉德的相关叙事有着共同的兴趣,以此讨论当代政治和伦理中好的和坏的模仿倾向。最后,Gendered Mimesis团队(Willow Verkerk、Isabelle Dahms和Giulia Rignano)也加入了进来,讨论的主题包括新法西斯主义、激增的民主、对弱势他人的道德责任、超产妇和不稳定世界中的公共幸福。
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引用次数: 0
Critiques of Violence: Arendt, Sedgwick, and Cavarero Respond to Billy Budd’s Stutter 暴力批判:阿伦特、塞奇威克和卡瓦雷罗回应比利·巴德的《口吃》
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233112
Andrea Timár
ABSTRACT This paper examines how Adriana Cavarero extends and offers an alternative to Hannah Arendt's understanding of speech and its relationship to politics and violence through a re-reading of Herman Melville’s, Billy Budd, Sailor (1891). The novella was examined by Arendt in On Revolution (1963) where she considers the apolitical character of the French Revolutionary Terror and establishes a link between violence, mimetic contagion, and the failure of articulate speech. I suggest that whereas Arendt’s reading only offers two possible responses to violence—forgiveness or punishment (perpetuating violence)—a reading of the novella inspired by Cavarero’s work shows a third alternative, the prevention of violence, while equally revealing the blind spot of Arendt’s argument. The blind spot is Arendt's privileging of articulate speech and her failure to consider the embodied character of human expression. Cavarero’s ethics of inclination, however, allows for a response to, and responsibility for, the uniqueness of the human voice, and for the intention to convey meaning. To mediate between Arendt and Cavarero, the paper also reconsiders Nidesh Lawtoo’s understanding of mimesis, evokes Eve Sedgwick’s paradigm-setting queer reading of Billy Budd, and engages with Walter Benjamin’s and Giorgio Agamben’s contrary takes on the relationship between violence and language.
摘要本文通过重读赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(Herman Melville)的《比利·巴德·赛罗》(Billy Budd,Sailor,1891),探讨了阿德里安娜·卡瓦雷罗(Adriana Cavarero)是如何扩展汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)对言论及其与政治和暴力的关系的理解的,并为其提供了一种替代方案。阿伦特在《论革命》(1963)一书中对这部中篇小说进行了研究,她在书中考虑了法国革命恐怖的非政治性,并在暴力、模仿传染和口齿不清之间建立了联系。我认为,尽管阿伦特的阅读只提供了对暴力的两种可能的回应——宽恕或惩罚(使暴力永久化)——但受卡瓦雷罗作品启发的中篇小说的阅读显示了第三种选择,即预防暴力,同时也揭示了阿伦特论点的盲点。盲点是阿伦特对口齿清晰的话语的特权,以及她没有考虑到人类表达的具体特征。然而,卡瓦雷罗的倾向伦理允许对人类声音的独特性做出回应并承担责任,以及传达意义的意图。为了在阿伦特和卡瓦雷罗之间进行调解,本文还重新思考了奈德什·劳图对模仿的理解,唤起了伊芙·塞奇威克对比利·巴德的范式设置的酷儿阅读,并与沃尔特·本雅明和乔治·阿甘本对暴力与语言关系的相反看法进行了探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Mimetic Apprehension: Care, Inclination and the Weather of Antiblackness 模拟理解:关怀、倾向与对抗天气
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233113
Timothy J. Huzar
ABSTRACT In this article I further Adriana Cavarero and Nidesh Lawtoo’s discussion of “mimetic inclination” to consider the way a person can be known in their uniqueness. Cavarero says that we receive a sense of the uniqueness of another by relating their narrative. I suggest that this also reveals a sense of the uniqueness of the one narrating, and that this can be understood as a practice of care. This narration is, as a consequence, distinct from representation (which itself is distinct from mimesis) and is better described as apprehension. By drawing on Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Christina Sharpe’s In the Wake: On Blackness and Being, I detail a primary form of care connected to apprehension that is engendered by what Sharpe calls “the weather of antiblackness”. Morrison both details this form of care in Beloved and practises it herself in her storytelling. This expands feminist analyses of vulnerability, providing critical resources for rethinking existence apart from its colonial and patriarchal articulation.
摘要在这篇文章中,我进一步阐述了Adriana Cavarero和Nidesh Lawtoo关于“模仿倾向”的讨论,即考虑一个人的独特性。卡瓦雷罗说,我们通过讲述另一个人的故事来获得一种独特感。我认为这也揭示了一种叙述的独特性,这可以被理解为一种关怀的实践。因此,这种叙述不同于表象(表象本身也不同于模仿),更好地描述为理解。通过借鉴托尼·莫里森(Toni Morrison)的《宠儿》(Beloved)和克里斯蒂娜·夏普(Christina Sharpe。莫里森在《宠儿》中详细描述了这种形式的关怀,并在她的故事中亲自实践。这扩展了女权主义对脆弱性的分析,为重新思考殖民地和父权制之外的存在提供了重要的资源。
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引用次数: 0
Cavarero’s Muse: The Troubling Power of Mimetic Inclinations 卡瓦雷罗的缪斯:模仿倾向的令人不安的力量
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233110
Giulia Ulla Rignano
ABSTRACT This article engages with Adriana Cavarero’s analysis of the Muse of Greek oral poetry to rethink the relationship between mimesis and narration, and the shaping power of the act of narration on the subject. I suggest that Cavarero’s reading of the Muse provides an understanding of mimesis that moves beyond representation to a form of contagion between embodied and temporal subjectivities. To clarify this, I show how Cavarero’s Muse anticipates her critique of rectitude in Inclinations and makes it clear that the inclined subject is not only the vulnerable and open subject as opposed to the vertical and autonomous one, but also the subject that has the power to incline the narratives that mimetically straighten it. The aim is to understand mimetic inclinations as destabilising voices of vertical narrations. As a concrete example of the troubling power of mimetic inclinations, I propose a rereading of Cavarero’s technique of theft presented in In Spite of Plato as a strategy of mimetic resistance.
本文结合卡瓦雷罗对希腊口述诗歌缪斯的分析,重新思考模仿与叙事的关系,以及叙事行为对主体的塑造力。我认为卡瓦雷罗对缪斯的解读提供了一种对模仿的理解,这种模仿超越了再现,变成了一种肉体和时间主体性之间的传染。为了澄清这一点,我展示了卡瓦雷罗的缪斯是如何在《倾向》中预见到她对正直的批判,并明确指出,倾向的主体不仅是脆弱和开放的主体,与垂直和自主的主体相反,而且是有能力倾斜叙事的主体,模仿地使其变得正直。其目的是将模仿倾向理解为垂直叙事的不稳定声音。作为模仿倾向令人不安的力量的一个具体例子,我建议重读卡瓦雷罗在《尽管柏拉图》中提出的偷窃技巧,作为一种模仿抵抗的策略。
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引用次数: 0
A Re-evaluation of the Androcentric Subject of European Philosophy 重新评价欧洲哲学的男权主体
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2233109
W. Verkerk
ABSTRACT This paper takes Cavarero’s arguments against the Homo erectus seriously and asks: how can we model an alternative to it? It proposes that a notion of the mimetically inclined subject is required, one that thickens Cavarero’s affirmative account of inclination by way of a new philosophical understanding of mimesis that includes habit and disciplinarity. Following Cavarero, the mother is positioned as a key figure to place nurturing and love at the centre of subject-making. However, they are shown to be a necessary but not sufficient step for the process of re-evaluation. An account of disciplinary mimesis which draws on a Nietzschean legacy in Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, together with Simone de Beauvoir’s account of woman as a situation, demonstrate the pitfalls of idealizing the mother. I argue that to challenge the particularized universalism of the European subject with an affirmative account of mimetic inclination, other figures which embrace Cavarero’s notion of relational vulnerability alongside the mother are required. The agonistic friend who practices an open, feminist curiosity is proposed as one such exemplar and, in closing remarks, I gesture to other necessary models in feminist and Indigenous thought that are key to remaking the androcentric subject of European philosophy.
摘要本文认真对待卡瓦雷罗反对直立人的论点,并提出一个问题:我们如何建模一个替代直立人的模型?它提出需要一个模仿倾向主体的概念,通过对模仿的新的哲学理解,包括习惯性和纪律性,使卡瓦雷罗对倾向的肯定性描述更加丰富。继卡瓦雷罗之后,母亲被定位为将养育和爱置于主题制作中心的关键人物。然而,它们被证明是重新评估过程中必要但不充分的步骤。米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault)和朱迪斯·巴特勒(Judith Butler。我认为,为了用对模仿倾向的肯定描述来挑战欧洲主题的特殊普遍主义,需要其他人物与母亲一起接受卡瓦雷罗的关系脆弱性概念。这位痛苦的朋友践行着开放的、女权主义的好奇心,被认为是这样一个例子,在结束语中,我向女权主义和土著思想中的其他必要模式致敬,这些模式是重塑欧洲哲学以男性为中心的主题的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Social Reproduction is not a Fairy Tale: A Conversation Between Axel Honneth, Silvia Federici, and Nancy Fraser 社会再生产不是童话:Axel Honneth、Silvia Federici和Nancy Fraser的对话
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2195800
Bárbara Buril Lins
ABSTRACT This article establishes a dialogue between the philosopher Axel Honneth and the feminist scholars Silvia Federici and Nancy Fraser. The aim is to emphasize the limits of Honneth’s philosophical reflections on the normative dimension of the family developed in Freedom’s Right. First, I present his ideas on how a normative expectation of social freedom permeates familial relations. According to him, after women entered the labour market, a normative notion of symmetrical participation in the family was produced. I aim to defend here that, whether normative or not, this idea of family is not only limited but also false, since it does not consider the dilemmas of social reproduction whose consequences contradict social freedom. Next, I develop Federici’s and Fraser’s analyses of how families have always faced conflicts concerning the requirements of social reproduction and have produced diverse forms of subjugation that go against the very idea of the family as an unquestioned sphere of freedom. It is necessary to analyse how families produce new forms of subjugation to transform familial relations into truly possible ways of being socially free – and this requires making visible some figures who structure the family, such as nannies, friends and grandparents.
本文建立了哲学家阿克塞尔·洪内斯与女权主义学者西尔维娅·费德里奇和南希·弗雷泽的对话。其目的是强调洪尼斯在《自由的权利》中对家庭规范维度的哲学思考的局限性。首先,我介绍了他关于社会自由的规范性期望如何渗透到家庭关系中的观点。据他说,妇女进入劳动力市场后,产生了对称参与家庭的规范概念。我的目的是在这里捍卫,无论是否规范,这种家庭观念不仅是有限的,而且是错误的,因为它没有考虑到社会再生产的困境,其后果与社会自由相矛盾。接下来,我发展了费德里奇和弗雷泽的分析,即家庭如何总是面临与社会再生产要求有关的冲突,并产生了各种形式的征服,这与家庭作为一个毫无疑问的自由领域的理念背道而驰。有必要分析家庭是如何产生新形式的征服的,以将家庭关系转变为真正可能的社会自由方式——这需要让一些构建家庭的人物,如保姆、朋友和祖父母,变得可见。
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引用次数: 0
The Children Who Have No Part: A Rancièrian Perspective on Child Politics 没有参与的儿童:儿童政治的rancirian视角
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2195802
Itay Snir
ABSTRACT Children have always been an essential part of politics. However, the political struggles in which children are involved are rarely, if at all, for the equality of children as such. Struggles for the benefit of children are nearly always led by adults, focusing on children’s rights in an adult-dominated world. In this paper, I develop the possibility of Children’s political struggle for equality, informed by the political philosophy of Jacque Rancière. I present the educational backdrop for Rancière’s claim that all intelligences are equal, and argue that it implies that children are by nature equal to adults, hence also equally capable of political action. By demonstrating that children are a “part of those who have no part” in the existing sociopolitical order, I examine the possibility of a collective political subject of children, and articulate the implications child politics may have.
儿童一直是政治的重要组成部分。然而,涉及儿童的政治斗争,如果有的话,很少是为了儿童本身的平等。为儿童争取利益的斗争几乎总是由成年人领导的,重点是在成人主导的世界中儿童的权利。在本文中,我发展了儿童为平等而进行政治斗争的可能性,并以雅克·朗西的政治哲学为依据。我介绍了朗西声称所有智力都是平等的教育背景,并认为这意味着儿童在本质上与成人平等,因此也同样有能力进行政治行动。通过证明儿童在现有的社会政治秩序中是“那些没有部分的人的一部分”,我研究了儿童集体政治主体的可能性,并阐明了儿童政治可能具有的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Retaining the Good, the True and the Beautiful, While Bringing Critical Theory Down to Earth 坚持善、真、美,把批判理论落到实处
IF 0.4 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14409917.2023.2195804
J. Braun
ABSTRACT I emphasize how The Return of Work in Critical Theory: Self, Society, Politics deals with details on labor problems ordinarily not handled by modern day critical theory, whereas Experience: New Foundations for the Human Sciences to a large extent justifies the use of a phenomenological approach to psychology with applications for theory building in general, and Authoritarianism: Three Inquiries in Critical Theory provides commentary on the concept of authoritarianism that has ramifications for use of critical theory for understanding political problems. I emphasize the distinction between naturalism of the sort practiced in the physical sciences and neo-Kantian historicism that reflects religious ideals of morality even if in secular form. Thus, I distinguish between motive (can be driven by psychological impulse, but often comes originally from the acceptance of cultural meaning), and mechanism that has explanatory value because of acceptance of the reality of physical causality, usually the result of social structure acting as a controlling mechanism. Similar distinctions are made by Scott Lash, for the purpose of distinguishing between deductive and inductive reasoning. The book on authoritarianism is discussed with emphasis on how their conceptualization fits neither deductive nor inductive conceptualizations entirely. I conclude with a commonsense discussion of these same topics.
摘要:我强调《批判理论中的工作回报:自我、社会、政治》如何处理现代批判理论通常无法处理的劳动问题的细节,而《经验:人文科学的新基础》在很大程度上证明了心理学的现象学方法在理论构建中的应用,《威权主义:批判理论中的三个问题》对威权主义的概念进行了评论,这对使用批判理论理解政治问题产生了影响。我强调物理科学中实践的自然主义和反映宗教道德理想的新康德历史主义之间的区别,即使是世俗形式的,以及由于接受了物理因果关系的现实而具有解释价值的机制,通常是社会结构作为控制机制的结果。Scott Lash也做出了类似的区分,目的是区分演绎推理和归纳推理。这本关于威权主义的书讨论了他们的概念化如何既不完全符合演绎概念化,也不完全符合归纳概念化。最后,我对这些相同的主题进行了常识性的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
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Critical Horizons
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