Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341466
Changsheng Shu (束长生)
The post-1978 migration of Chinese rural peasants to Brazil can be analyzed using the qiaoxiang (migrant-sending regions) models proposed by Woon Yuen-fong (1996), Minghuan Li and Diana Wong (2017) and by Min Zhou and Xiangyi Li (2014, 2018). From a sending-country perspective, we study two major models of Chinese migration in Brazil: one is the Guangdong qiaoxiang model, and the other, the Zhejiang qiaoxiang model. The first is based mainly on the catering services, especially pastelarias (snack bars), while the second is based mainly on the wholesale and retail business of light industrial imports from China. It is well known that transnational migrations contribute to qiaoxiang development while reinforcing the existing social structures of inequality and uneven development that stimulate further migrations. As a result, migration becomes deeply ingrained on the qiaoxiang culture, a “rite of passage” that young adults must experience in their life. Through the “rite of passage,” qiaoxiang migrations are perpetuated and renovated.
{"title":"Post-1978 Chinese Migration to Brazil: The Qiaoxiang Migration Models and the Rite of Passage","authors":"Changsheng Shu (束长生)","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341466","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The post-1978 migration of Chinese rural peasants to Brazil can be analyzed using the qiaoxiang (migrant-sending regions) models proposed by Woon Yuen-fong (1996), Minghuan Li and Diana Wong (2017) and by Min Zhou and Xiangyi Li (2014, 2018). From a sending-country perspective, we study two major models of Chinese migration in Brazil: one is the Guangdong qiaoxiang model, and the other, the Zhejiang qiaoxiang model. The first is based mainly on the catering services, especially pastelarias (snack bars), while the second is based mainly on the wholesale and retail business of light industrial imports from China. It is well known that transnational migrations contribute to qiaoxiang development while reinforcing the existing social structures of inequality and uneven development that stimulate further migrations. As a result, migration becomes deeply ingrained on the qiaoxiang culture, a “rite of passage” that young adults must experience in their life. Through the “rite of passage,” qiaoxiang migrations are perpetuated and renovated.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341465
Steven B. Miles (麦哲维)
Inspired by one of the themes of the “Boundaries and Bonds: An International Conference on Chinese Diaspora,” hosted by Nanyang Technological University in October 2021, this article explores conceptual boundaries in the study of Cantonese migration during the pivotal nineteenth century. Based on research on internal Cantonese migration along the West River, but set in a comparative framework of overseas Cantonese migration, I consider in turn natural or topographical barriers, political boundaries, regional and class discrepancies, and gendered imaginings and practices of migration. Focusing on villages and townships along the West River, I show that emigrant communities with prior access to a long, navigable, and commercially important river readily adapted to new experiences of overseas migration after the mid-nineteenth century.
{"title":"Upriver and Overseas: Revisiting Boundaries in the Study of Nineteenth-Century Cantonese Migration","authors":"Steven B. Miles (麦哲维)","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341465","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Inspired by one of the themes of the “Boundaries and Bonds: An International Conference on Chinese Diaspora,” hosted by Nanyang Technological University in October 2021, this article explores conceptual boundaries in the study of Cantonese migration during the pivotal nineteenth century. Based on research on internal Cantonese migration along the West River, but set in a comparative framework of overseas Cantonese migration, I consider in turn natural or topographical barriers, political boundaries, regional and class discrepancies, and gendered imaginings and practices of migration. Focusing on villages and townships along the West River, I show that emigrant communities with prior access to a long, navigable, and commercially important river readily adapted to new experiences of overseas migration after the mid-nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64686731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341474
Lisong Liu
{"title":"Educating Mainland Chinese Learners in Business Education: Pedagogical and Cultural Perspectives – Singapore Experiences, written by Kumaran Rajaram","authors":"Lisong Liu","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42998668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341464
Cheun Hoe Yow (游俊豪)
Over myriads of migration trajectories, settlement adaptations, and generation variations, diasporic Chinese have constantly reconfigured their subjectivities as a group, locally, regionally, and globally. Either as migrants transcending geographic demarcations and territories or ethnic groups with distinctive cultures and mentalities, members of the Chinese diaspora have aspirations and concerns that have evolved over time and space. This special issue re-examines and reconceptualizes boundaries and bonds of Chinese diaspora in various realms and aspects. It features six revised papers, from an international conference on “Boundaries and Bonds” held in October 2021, and an article that shares the same academic concern. They are riveting accounts of how multiple disciplines should be engaged in order to approach Chinese diaspora as subject matter and to reveal the diversity of situations where Chinese as migrants and ethnic groups are positioned and constructed for a myriad of reasons. Their case studies on Guangdong, Brazil, Singapore, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Myanmar reveal the various processes and routes of resetting networks and boundaries that have brought about new elements of Chinese ethnicity.
{"title":"Diasporic Chinese Boundaries and Bonds Revisited: An Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Cheun Hoe Yow (游俊豪)","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341464","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Over myriads of migration trajectories, settlement adaptations, and generation variations, diasporic Chinese have constantly reconfigured their subjectivities as a group, locally, regionally, and globally. Either as migrants transcending geographic demarcations and territories or ethnic groups with distinctive cultures and mentalities, members of the Chinese diaspora have aspirations and concerns that have evolved over time and space. This special issue re-examines and reconceptualizes boundaries and bonds of Chinese diaspora in various realms and aspects. It features six revised papers, from an international conference on “Boundaries and Bonds” held in October 2021, and an article that shares the same academic concern. They are riveting accounts of how multiple disciplines should be engaged in order to approach Chinese diaspora as subject matter and to reveal the diversity of situations where Chinese as migrants and ethnic groups are positioned and constructed for a myriad of reasons. Their case studies on Guangdong, Brazil, Singapore, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Myanmar reveal the various processes and routes of resetting networks and boundaries that have brought about new elements of Chinese ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45734726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341468
Hong Liu (刘宏), Lingli Huang (黄伶俐)
Large-scale immigration has turned Singapore into a highly diverse setting, where migrants and local-born Singaporeans encounter one another on a daily basis. In the past decade, the city-state has seen rising debates and contestations over racism, despite being known as a racially harmonious society. This article situates the public discourse on racism and “Chinese privilege” in the context of superdiversity and examines its wider implications for theorization and policy. Approaching the paradox of superdiversity from a political economy perspective, we investigate how three sets of factors have contributed to the rising public discourse on racism not only between migrants and locals but also among local-born Singaporeans: i) immigration regime and the strategy toward a knowledge economy, ii) new patterns of electoral politics, and iii) the impacts of China’s growing influences in Southeast Asia. This article offers two broader theoretical implications for the scholarship on migration and race relations in a context of superdiversity. First, the paradoxical co-existence of superdiversity and racism obtains not only between migrants and natives, as many studies have shown, but also between native races in the host society. Second, diversifications and new forms of contestations and racism are not only a result of the immigration regime and domestic politics of the host country, but are also shaped by the international political economy, as evidenced by the way in which the rise of China has intensified contestations on race relations in Singapore.
{"title":"Paradox of Superdiversity: Contesting Racism and “Chinese Privilege” in Singapore","authors":"Hong Liu (刘宏), Lingli Huang (黄伶俐)","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341468","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Large-scale immigration has turned Singapore into a highly diverse setting, where migrants and local-born Singaporeans encounter one another on a daily basis. In the past decade, the city-state has seen rising debates and contestations over racism, despite being known as a racially harmonious society. This article situates the public discourse on racism and “Chinese privilege” in the context of superdiversity and examines its wider implications for theorization and policy. Approaching the paradox of superdiversity from a political economy perspective, we investigate how three sets of factors have contributed to the rising public discourse on racism not only between migrants and locals but also among local-born Singaporeans: i) immigration regime and the strategy toward a knowledge economy, ii) new patterns of electoral politics, and iii) the impacts of China’s growing influences in Southeast Asia. This article offers two broader theoretical implications for the scholarship on migration and race relations in a context of superdiversity. First, the paradoxical co-existence of superdiversity and racism obtains not only between migrants and natives, as many studies have shown, but also between native races in the host society. Second, diversifications and new forms of contestations and racism are not only a result of the immigration regime and domestic politics of the host country, but are also shaped by the international political economy, as evidenced by the way in which the rise of China has intensified contestations on race relations in Singapore.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46048887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341470
Jee Yin Chin (陈子莹), Yee Mun Chin (陈亿文), Hooi San Noew (梁僡珊)
The rate at which women participate in Malaysia’s labor force is one of the lowest in the ASEAN region. Within the female workforce, Malaysian Chinese women participate more than women of other ethnic groups in Malaysia. Although this may indicate that the Malaysian Chinese are adapting to social changes that demand female participation in the workforce, a more in-depth study is needed to understand this phenomenon. In most circumstances, traditional Chinese values are omnipresent and affect women’s decision to join the workforce. The question is to what extent and in what circumstances are Malaysian Chinese women bound by traditional values. This paper attempts to provide some insights into this question by providing an overview of Malaysian Chinese women’s participation in the Malaysian workforce and the influences of Chinese traditional values on their decision to join the workforce. It is hoped that through this discussion, issues surrounding the participation of Malaysian Chinese women in the workforce can be highlighted, thereby opening up new avenues of research.
{"title":"The Participation of Malaysian Chinese Women in the Workforce: Traditional Values and Choices","authors":"Jee Yin Chin (陈子莹), Yee Mun Chin (陈亿文), Hooi San Noew (梁僡珊)","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341470","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The rate at which women participate in Malaysia’s labor force is one of the lowest in the ASEAN region. Within the female workforce, Malaysian Chinese women participate more than women of other ethnic groups in Malaysia. Although this may indicate that the Malaysian Chinese are adapting to social changes that demand female participation in the workforce, a more in-depth study is needed to understand this phenomenon. In most circumstances, traditional Chinese values are omnipresent and affect women’s decision to join the workforce. The question is to what extent and in what circumstances are Malaysian Chinese women bound by traditional values. This paper attempts to provide some insights into this question by providing an overview of Malaysian Chinese women’s participation in the Malaysian workforce and the influences of Chinese traditional values on their decision to join the workforce. It is hoped that through this discussion, issues surrounding the participation of Malaysian Chinese women in the workforce can be highlighted, thereby opening up new avenues of research.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45607137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341472
Yue Hu
{"title":"The Language of Political Incorporation: Chinese Migrants in Europe, written by Amy Liu","authors":"Yue Hu","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341455
Xiangyun Li (李向允), R. Vosters, Jianwei Xu (徐建维)
Brussels is an officially French-Dutch bilingual city, yet in reality, it is profoundly and increasingly multilingual. Earlier research on the linguistic situation in Brussels has predominantly focused on the competing dominant languages, resulting in very limited scholarly attention to smaller language communities. This paper addresses this blind spot by exploring the language repertoires, proficiencies and practices of members of the Chinese communities. Linking insights from language ecology to the study of language maintenance and shift, and informed by the questionnaire data, we discuss how the changing sociodemographic backgrounds of the participants affect the language maintenance and shift of the whole Chinese communities. Our results do not reveal a traditional pattern of shift toward the dominant majority languages, but rather hint at a community-level shift toward more complex multilingual repertoires with an increased role for English and Mandarin, in tune with Brussels’ increasingly international and multilingual context at large.
{"title":"Language Maintenance and Shift in Highly Multilingual Ecologies","authors":"Xiangyun Li (李向允), R. Vosters, Jianwei Xu (徐建维)","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341455","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Brussels is an officially French-Dutch bilingual city, yet in reality, it is profoundly and increasingly multilingual. Earlier research on the linguistic situation in Brussels has predominantly focused on the competing dominant languages, resulting in very limited scholarly attention to smaller language communities. This paper addresses this blind spot by exploring the language repertoires, proficiencies and practices of members of the Chinese communities. Linking insights from language ecology to the study of language maintenance and shift, and informed by the questionnaire data, we discuss how the changing sociodemographic backgrounds of the participants affect the language maintenance and shift of the whole Chinese communities. Our results do not reveal a traditional pattern of shift toward the dominant majority languages, but rather hint at a community-level shift toward more complex multilingual repertoires with an increased role for English and Mandarin, in tune with Brussels’ increasingly international and multilingual context at large.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48638079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341457
Jasmine Yu-Hsing Chen
This article analyzes how the photographs of overseas Chinese performing Peking opera projected the Chinese nationalism of the Kuomintang (KMT) across Taiwan (the Republic of China, ROC) and the Philippines during the Cold War. The analysis focuses on images in the periodical Drama and Art (1964–1972), examining theater and photography as mediums that worked together to (re)shape a ROC-approved vision of “Chineseness.” In addition to studying the circulation of these photographs, the discussion further looks into those aspects of the performances rendered invisible by the periodical, explicating how the Chineseness of overseas Chinese was produced and performed based on the KMT’s needs. Peking opera performance also functioned as a form of “emotional compensation” for Chinese-Filipino performers to act out fantasies of power while facing anti-Chinese sentiment in the Philippines. This article therefore argues that Peking opera was intricately linked to the conceptual construction of overseas Chineseness and its embodied practice.
{"title":"Performing Chineseness Overseas","authors":"Jasmine Yu-Hsing Chen","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341457","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes how the photographs of overseas Chinese performing Peking opera projected the Chinese nationalism of the Kuomintang (KMT) across Taiwan (the Republic of China, ROC) and the Philippines during the Cold War. The analysis focuses on images in the periodical Drama and Art (1964–1972), examining theater and photography as mediums that worked together to (re)shape a ROC-approved vision of “Chineseness.” In addition to studying the circulation of these photographs, the discussion further looks into those aspects of the performances rendered invisible by the periodical, explicating how the Chineseness of overseas Chinese was produced and performed based on the KMT’s needs. Peking opera performance also functioned as a form of “emotional compensation” for Chinese-Filipino performers to act out fantasies of power while facing anti-Chinese sentiment in the Philippines. This article therefore argues that Peking opera was intricately linked to the conceptual construction of overseas Chineseness and its embodied practice.","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1163/17932548-12341461
Michael Williams
{"title":"Dear China: Emigrant Letters and Remittances, 1820–1980, written by Gregor Benton and Hong Liu","authors":"Michael Williams","doi":"10.1163/17932548-12341461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51941,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Overseas","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45719575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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