The cultural battle between the USA and the Soviet Union belongs to the chapters of the Cold War held by the two superpowers in the aftermath of World War II. This article studies how the intellectuals of the 1939 Republican exile took part in the Soviet Union-fostered World Peace International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace Council, which started with the participation of a delegation of Republican intellectuals in the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace, held in Wroclaw (Poland) on August 25-28, 1948.
{"title":"Cultural Cold War and 1939 Republican Exile: the World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace (Wroclaw, 1948)","authors":"Manuel Aznar Soler","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"The cultural battle between the USA and the Soviet Union belongs to the chapters of the Cold War held by the two superpowers in the aftermath of World War II. This article studies how the intellectuals of the 1939 Republican exile took part in the Soviet Union-fostered World Peace International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace Council, which started with the participation of a delegation of Republican intellectuals in the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace, held in Wroclaw (Poland) on August 25-28, 1948.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following pages, as a result of a wider investigation into political prisoners and their families excluded the defeated Franco. Therefore, it is necessary to show how the penitentiary system postwar is formed, what it consisted of the redemption penalties, how and with what specific objectives are designed in a distinct context of massification and progressive degradation as it was in Spanish prisons after the civil war.
{"title":"Aislar para convertir: los presos y sus familias en el primer franquismo","authors":"Gutmaro Gómez Bravo","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2018.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.003","url":null,"abstract":"The following pages, as a result of a wider investigation into political prisoners and their families excluded the defeated Franco. Therefore, it is necessary to show how the penitentiary system postwar is formed, what it consisted of the redemption penalties, how and with what specific objectives are designed in a distinct context of massification and progressive degradation as it was in Spanish prisons after the civil war.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article analyzes the biographical and contextual elements which enabled Fitzgerald to incorporate the psychiatry of the time into Tender Is the Night (1934). The content of the novel is linked to Zelda Fitzgerald’s mental illness and her admission to a Swiss psychiatric clinic in 1930. It also identifies the parallels between the doctors who treated the couple and those that appear in the novel, examining the elements used to construct fictional characters inspired by major figures in psychiatry during this period, including Oscar Forel, Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung. Lastly, it evaluates the weight and significance of the discourse and the psychiatric and psychoanalytic concepts utilized by Fitzgerald in the novel.
{"title":"Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald and psychoanalysis: The construction of Tender Is the Night (1934)","authors":"N. Esteve, R. Huertas","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the biographical and contextual elements which enabled Fitzgerald to incorporate the psychiatry of the time into Tender Is the Night (1934). The content of the novel is linked to Zelda Fitzgerald’s mental illness and her admission to a Swiss psychiatric clinic in 1930. It also identifies the parallels between the doctors who treated the couple and those that appear in the novel, examining the elements used to construct fictional characters inspired by major figures in psychiatry during this period, including Oscar Forel, Eugen Bleuler and Carl Gustav Jung. Lastly, it evaluates the weight and significance of the discourse and the psychiatric and psychoanalytic concepts utilized by Fitzgerald in the novel.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Spanish Civil War caused the largest diaspora of contemporary Spain. Within the consequences of this dispersion, this paper proposes to analyze the transformations that took place in the painting of muralist José Vela Zanetti. However, in order to delineate the artist’s progress and the different painting techniques that he assumed in the Dominican Republic, where his mandatory exile took him, it is important to start from the stage that preceded it, both at a personal level and at that of changing contexts. Methodologically, this paper is approached from the viewpoint of social and cultural history, with two basic conceptual pillars: transculturation and cultural transfer. The analysis of numerous sources has allowed us to learn about the multiple influences and feedbacks that occurred from the perspective of the exile and the host country, so as to stimulate debate about the artistic transformations of exiled painters and Dominican artists in 1940’s.
{"title":"The Spanish Civil War and the Dominican exile in the painting of Vela Zanetti","authors":"Antonio J. Canela-Ruano","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2018.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2018.006","url":null,"abstract":"The Spanish Civil War caused the largest diaspora of contemporary Spain. Within the consequences of this dispersion, this paper proposes to analyze the transformations that took place in the painting of muralist José Vela Zanetti. However, in order to delineate the artist’s progress and the different painting techniques that he assumed in the Dominican Republic, where his mandatory exile took him, it is important to start from the stage that preceded it, both at a personal level and at that of changing contexts. Methodologically, this paper is approached from the viewpoint of social and cultural history, with two basic conceptual pillars: transculturation and cultural transfer. The analysis of numerous sources has allowed us to learn about the multiple influences and feedbacks that occurred from the perspective of the exile and the host country, so as to stimulate debate about the artistic transformations of exiled painters and Dominican artists in 1940’s.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46887264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish science in exile operated as a network of networks. Its dynamics help us understand the deep imprint that exiled scientists left in their host countries. The network was characterized by its tendency to maintain links that had existed before the Spanish Civil War and the establishment of alliances with multiple actors, not just humans, that facilitated the legitimization and integration of exiles while allowing them to resume their research. In addition, those alliances produced shifts of goals that often led those exiled scientists to blaze new trails in scientific research and inaugurate new disciplines. Without doubt, this process fostered the vascularization of science in receiving countries.
{"title":"The Network of Spanish Science in Exile","authors":"Francisco Javier Dosil Mancilla","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2018.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.004","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish science in exile operated as a network of networks. Its dynamics help us understand the deep imprint that exiled scientists left in their host countries. The network was characterized by its tendency to maintain links that had existed before the Spanish Civil War and the establishment of alliances with multiple actors, not just humans, that facilitated the legitimization and integration of exiles while allowing them to resume their research. In addition, those alliances produced shifts of goals that often led those exiled scientists to blaze new trails in scientific research and inaugurate new disciplines. Without doubt, this process fostered the vascularization of science in receiving countries.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70853864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post-war scenarios. Culture in times of war, exile and repression, 1936-1951","authors":"J. M. Sánchez, I. M. Castro","doi":"10.3989/chdj.2018.v7.i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.v7.i1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47639256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies how seventeenth-century writers in Spain elaborated different conceptions of interiority in connection with the intimacy they imagined between the king and his favorite or privado . Authors in the days of Lerma, Uceda and Olivares portrayed the relation between king and privado in terms that generally relied on inherited notions of ideal friendship, which nonetheless would clash with concerns about the ubiquity of deceit, simulation and dissimulation at the court. This seemed to set boundaries to the unlimited transparency and trust expected between friends. I will address three issues. First, the way writers imagine the favorite’s access to the king’s secrets, as well as the nature of these secrets. Second, the space of intimacy and shared loneliness in which they conceive the friendship of king and privado to materialize. Third, the transformations that take place in the favorite’s interiority as a result of his relation with the king and his position at the court.
{"title":"\"Meddling with Royal Hearts\": Interiority and Privanza (1598-1643)","authors":"Javier Patiño-Loira","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2017.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2017.017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies how seventeenth-century writers in Spain elaborated different conceptions of interiority in connection with the intimacy they imagined between the king and his favorite or privado . Authors in the days of Lerma, Uceda and Olivares portrayed the relation between king and privado in terms that generally relied on inherited notions of ideal friendship, which nonetheless would clash with concerns about the ubiquity of deceit, simulation and dissimulation at the court. This seemed to set boundaries to the unlimited transparency and trust expected between friends. I will address three issues. First, the way writers imagine the favorite’s access to the king’s secrets, as well as the nature of these secrets. Second, the space of intimacy and shared loneliness in which they conceive the friendship of king and privado to materialize. Third, the transformations that take place in the favorite’s interiority as a result of his relation with the king and his position at the court.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"017-017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48246484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historians and sociologists have argued that the practices of confession played a major role in the transition to modern, introspective individuality. Until the 1970s, tough, the literature had dealt mostly with Protestantism and Protestant modes of confession, first and foremost the practice of writing spiritual diaries and then reading and rereading them. The article looks at Catholic confessional practices and how they, too, have shaped modern notion of subjecthood. Centering on Foucault’s contribution, the article argue that Catholic confession, just like its Protestant avatar, paved a route to modernity.
{"title":"The Confessing Subject and the Construction of Modern Catholic Selves","authors":"M. Sluhovsky","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2017.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2017.013","url":null,"abstract":"Historians and sociologists have argued that the practices of confession played a major role in the transition to modern, introspective individuality. Until the 1970s, tough, the literature had dealt mostly with Protestantism and Protestant modes of confession, first and foremost the practice of writing spiritual diaries and then reading and rereading them. The article looks at Catholic confessional practices and how they, too, have shaped modern notion of subjecthood. Centering on Foucault’s contribution, the article argue that Catholic confession, just like its Protestant avatar, paved a route to modernity.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43228730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 1623 Edict of Grace released by the Spanish Inquisition in Seville to address the heresy of alumbradismo was a contested affair. Among the voices raised against this condemnation and equation of interior religious practice as heretical alumbradismo was that of Juan Dionisio Fernandez Portocarrero. This essay examines how the heresy of alumbradismo came to delineate the bounds of orthodox interiority and demonstrate how this boundary remained contested even a century after the construction of the heresy as an inquisitorial category.
{"title":"Questioning the 1623 Edict of Grace: Differentiating Between Orthodox and Heterodox Interiority","authors":"J. Fowler","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2017.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2017.015","url":null,"abstract":"The 1623 Edict of Grace released by the Spanish Inquisition in Seville to address the heresy of alumbradismo was a contested affair. Among the voices raised against this condemnation and equation of interior religious practice as heretical alumbradismo was that of Juan Dionisio Fernandez Portocarrero. This essay examines how the heresy of alumbradismo came to delineate the bounds of orthodox interiority and demonstrate how this boundary remained contested even a century after the construction of the heresy as an inquisitorial category.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42588828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How can it be assumed that an individual is incapable of giving consent or does not give it freely? This article analyses three cases handled by the Tribunal of the Roman Rota between 1579 and 1619: the case of a nun from the monastery of Odivelas (Portugal) suffering from mental disorders, and two demands for nullification of marriage based on the grounds of duress exerted by immediate family; the case of Dona Antonia Portocarrero y Cardenas, of the diocese of Seville, married to Don Felipe de Guzman y Aragon; and the case of Manuel de Meneses and Branca de Baredo of the diocese of Coimbra. The testimonies on file relate the words and actions of the main parties involved, revealing affects and intentions. Auditors embarked on a complex operation to translate this information into the language of the law, in the light of legal experts’ theories on individual responsibility and the nature of violence or constraints that may alter freedom of consent. Yet this also encompassed social practices and representations in which individual behaviours exist. This study illustrates the contrast between judges’ know-how in assessing the absence of consent regarding marriage or religious profession and the fact that these notions were not taken into account regarding consent to baptism.
怎么能假设一个人没有能力给予同意或不自由给予同意呢？本文分析了罗马罗塔法庭在1579年至1619年间处理的三起案件：一名来自奥迪维拉斯修道院（葡萄牙）的修女患有精神障碍的案件，以及两起基于直系亲属胁迫而要求取消婚姻的案件；塞维利亚教区的Dona Antonia Portocarrero y Cardenas与Don Felipe de Guzman y Aragon结婚；以及科英布拉教区的Manuel de Meneses和Branca de Baredo的案件。档案中的证词涉及主要当事方的言行，揭示了他们的情感和意图。根据法律专家关于个人责任和可能改变同意自由的暴力或限制的性质的理论，审计人员开始了一项复杂的行动，将这些信息翻译成法律语言。然而，这也包括存在个人行为的社会实践和表征。这项研究说明了法官在评估婚姻或宗教职业方面缺乏同意的专业知识与在同意洗礼方面没有考虑到这些概念之间的对比。
{"title":"Assessing Consent through External Signs. Three Cases of Madness, Repulsion and Love before the Tribunal of the Roman Rota (1579-1619)","authors":"Isabelle Poutrin","doi":"10.3989/CHDJ.2017.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/CHDJ.2017.014","url":null,"abstract":"How can it be assumed that an individual is incapable of giving consent or does not give it freely? This article analyses three cases handled by the Tribunal of the Roman Rota between 1579 and 1619: the case of a nun from the monastery of Odivelas (Portugal) suffering from mental disorders, and two demands for nullification of marriage based on the grounds of duress exerted by immediate family; the case of Dona Antonia Portocarrero y Cardenas, of the diocese of Seville, married to Don Felipe de Guzman y Aragon; and the case of Manuel de Meneses and Branca de Baredo of the diocese of Coimbra. The testimonies on file relate the words and actions of the main parties involved, revealing affects and intentions. Auditors embarked on a complex operation to translate this information into the language of the law, in the light of legal experts’ theories on individual responsibility and the nature of violence or constraints that may alter freedom of consent. Yet this also encompassed social practices and representations in which individual behaviours exist. This study illustrates the contrast between judges’ know-how in assessing the absence of consent regarding marriage or religious profession and the fact that these notions were not taken into account regarding consent to baptism.","PeriodicalId":51942,"journal":{"name":"Culture & History Digital Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47114738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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