Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000033
C. Vögele, H. Spaderna
{"title":"The European Journal of Health Psychology – Health Psychology in Europe","authors":"C. Vögele, H. Spaderna","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/a000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75074810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000026
M. Huttunen-Lenz, Sylvia Hansen, T. Larsen, P. Christensen, M. Drummen, T. Adam, Moira A. Taylor, Elizabeth J. Simpson, J. A. Martínez, S. Navas-Carretero, T. Handjieva-Darlenska, S. Poppitt, M. Silvestre, M. Fogelholm, Elli Jalo, R. Muirhead, S. Brodie, A. Raben, W. Schlicht
Abstract. Individuals at risk of Type 2 Diabetes are advised to change health habits. This study investigated how the PREMIT behavior modification intervention and its association with socio-economic variables influenced weight maintenance and habit strength in the PREVIEW study. Overweight adults with pre-diabetes were enrolled ( n = 2,224) in a multi-center RCT including a 2-month weight-loss phase and a 34-month weight-maintenance phase for those who lost ≥ 8% body weight. Initial stages of the PREMIT covered the end of weight-loss and the beginning of weight-maintenance phase (18 weeks). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were explored. Frequent PREMIT sessions attendance, being female, and lower habit strength for poor diet were associated with lower weight re-gain. Being older and not in employment were associated with lower habit strength for physical inactivity. The PREMIT appeared to support weight loss maintenance. Younger participants, males, and those in employment appeared to struggle more with inactivity habit change and weight maintenance.
{"title":"The PREVIEW Study","authors":"M. Huttunen-Lenz, Sylvia Hansen, T. Larsen, P. Christensen, M. Drummen, T. Adam, Moira A. Taylor, Elizabeth J. Simpson, J. A. Martínez, S. Navas-Carretero, T. Handjieva-Darlenska, S. Poppitt, M. Silvestre, M. Fogelholm, Elli Jalo, R. Muirhead, S. Brodie, A. Raben, W. Schlicht","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/A000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/A000026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Individuals at risk of Type 2 Diabetes are advised to change health habits. This study investigated how the PREMIT behavior modification intervention and its association with socio-economic variables influenced weight maintenance and habit strength in the PREVIEW study. Overweight adults with pre-diabetes were enrolled ( n = 2,224) in a multi-center RCT including a 2-month weight-loss phase and a 34-month weight-maintenance phase for those who lost ≥ 8% body weight. Initial stages of the PREMIT covered the end of weight-loss and the beginning of weight-maintenance phase (18 weeks). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were explored. Frequent PREMIT sessions attendance, being female, and lower habit strength for poor diet were associated with lower weight re-gain. Being older and not in employment were associated with lower habit strength for physical inactivity. The PREMIT appeared to support weight loss maintenance. Younger participants, males, and those in employment appeared to struggle more with inactivity habit change and weight maintenance.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85257549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000023
M. Harris, Michael J. Dunn, T. Alwyn
Abstract. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) usage has been repeatedly linked with a body image disorder called Muscle Dysmorphia (MD). However, evidence for how this relationship manifests is currently inconclusive. This study focused on the extent to which MD may precipitate or perpetuate the use of AAS. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the sample consisted of 57 users (current and lifetime) and 51 non-using (never used AAS) bodybuilders recruited from two bodybuilding dedicated gymnasiums located in Wales, UK. Significantly higher levels of MD were found in users compared to non-users across training experience duration (0–2, 3–5, and 6+ years). MD levels irrespective of AAS usage (users vs. non-users) were consistent between 0–2 and 3–5 years of training declining however between those of 6+ years training experience. No differences were reported in symptoms of MD between users of AAS with varying lengths of AAS use exposure. This provides preliminary evidence suggesting MD may influence both initiation and maintenance of AAS use; however, neither regular gym attendance nor prolonged AAS usage may exacerbate MD symptoms.
{"title":"Symptoms of Muscle Dysmorphia Between Users of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids With Varying Usage and Bodybuilding Experience","authors":"M. Harris, Michael J. Dunn, T. Alwyn","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/A000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/A000023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) usage has been repeatedly linked with a body image disorder called Muscle Dysmorphia (MD). However, evidence for how this relationship manifests is currently inconclusive. This study focused on the extent to which MD may precipitate or perpetuate the use of AAS. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the sample consisted of 57 users (current and lifetime) and 51 non-using (never used AAS) bodybuilders recruited from two bodybuilding dedicated gymnasiums located in Wales, UK. Significantly higher levels of MD were found in users compared to non-users across training experience duration (0–2, 3–5, and 6+ years). MD levels irrespective of AAS usage (users vs. non-users) were consistent between 0–2 and 3–5 years of training declining however between those of 6+ years training experience. No differences were reported in symptoms of MD between users of AAS with varying lengths of AAS use exposure. This provides preliminary evidence suggesting MD may influence both initiation and maintenance of AAS use; however, neither regular gym attendance nor prolonged AAS usage may exacerbate MD symptoms.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75907104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000024
F. Matcham, Sheila Ali, K. Irving, T. Chalder
Abstract. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationships between psychological variables and follow-up levels of fatigue, work and social adjustment, and psychological distress in people with rheumatic diseases. The study is a prospective observational study. Patients attending rheumatology outpatient appointments completed a questionnaire during their hospital visit and were mailed a follow-up questionnaire either at their next appointment or via postal questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression models examined the association between baseline cognitive behavioral responses, personality, social support and acceptance and follow-up levels of fatigue, work and social adjustment, and psychological distress, adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, and the length of time between baseline and follow-up. A total of 108 patients completed the follow-up questionnaires. The biggest predictors of having high levels of fatigue at follow-up were increased baseline damage beliefs and behavioral avoidance. Behavioral avoidance at baseline also had a strong relationship with worsened work and social adjustment at follow-up. The biggest predictor of psychological distress at follow-up was a lack of fatigue acceptance at baseline.
{"title":"Psychological Predictors of Fatigue, Work and Social Adjustment, and Psychological Distress in Rheumatology Outpatients","authors":"F. Matcham, Sheila Ali, K. Irving, T. Chalder","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/A000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/A000024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationships between psychological variables and follow-up levels of fatigue, work and social adjustment, and psychological distress in people with rheumatic diseases. The study is a prospective observational study. Patients attending rheumatology outpatient appointments completed a questionnaire during their hospital visit and were mailed a follow-up questionnaire either at their next appointment or via postal questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression models examined the association between baseline cognitive behavioral responses, personality, social support and acceptance and follow-up levels of fatigue, work and social adjustment, and psychological distress, adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, and the length of time between baseline and follow-up. A total of 108 patients completed the follow-up questionnaires. The biggest predictors of having high levels of fatigue at follow-up were increased baseline damage beliefs and behavioral avoidance. Behavioral avoidance at baseline also had a strong relationship with worsened work and social adjustment at follow-up. The biggest predictor of psychological distress at follow-up was a lack of fatigue acceptance at baseline.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74019955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-03DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/A000022
Ingo Jacobs, A. Horsch
Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale ( BRS) is a reliable and valid assessment of the self-perceived ability to bounce back or recover quickly from stress. The current study translated and validated the French version of the BRS (BRS-F) in a sample of N = 220 midwives. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the unifactorial model fitted acceptably to the data. High levels of Tucker’s φ implied that the component loadings of the BRS-F and of the original BRS are almost equal. The BRS-F demonstrated good levels of reliability and meaningful correlations with mental health symptoms and burnout. The resilience-mental health difficulties link was fully mediated through emotional exhaustion. Thus, the BRS-F is a psychometrically sound assessment of self-perceived resilience, which is now available to researchers and clinicians in French-speaking contexts. The results also suggest that the BRS-F is relevant for use by healthcare professionals who may benefit from interventions aimed at increasing their resilience.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the French Brief Resilience Scale","authors":"Ingo Jacobs, A. Horsch","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/A000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/A000022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale ( BRS) is a reliable and valid assessment of the self-perceived ability to bounce back or recover quickly from stress. The current study translated and validated the French version of the BRS (BRS-F) in a sample of N = 220 midwives. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the unifactorial model fitted acceptably to the data. High levels of Tucker’s φ implied that the component loadings of the BRS-F and of the original BRS are almost equal. The BRS-F demonstrated good levels of reliability and meaningful correlations with mental health symptoms and burnout. The resilience-mental health difficulties link was fully mediated through emotional exhaustion. Thus, the BRS-F is a psychometrically sound assessment of self-perceived resilience, which is now available to researchers and clinicians in French-speaking contexts. The results also suggest that the BRS-F is relevant for use by healthcare professionals who may benefit from interventions aimed at increasing their resilience.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91107514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000018
D. Lampropoulos, Jaïs Troïan, Céline D’Amico, L. Bentata, T. Apostolidis
The stigma of schizophrenia is an intergroup phenomenon associated with issues of social power. We consider that the concept of stigma power should be extended to include intergroup relations that go beyond the aspect of the relation between “schizophrenic” and “normal.” With the present study, we intend to demonstrate that perceivers hold more stigmatizing attitudes toward a person with schizophrenia belonging to the outgroup and that especially when the perceiver has a higher Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). One hundred and sixty-one participants from the general population participated in our study (50.3% male, Mage = 39.14, SD = 16.36), which was based on a 2 (Sex of Target: male vs. female) × 2 (Sex of Participant: male vs. female) × SDO between-subjects design. The participants read a standardized vignette used in previous research, depicting a person presenting the symptoms of schizophrenia, and were then asked to complete questionnaires about SDO and intention to discriminate against the depicted individual. Our analysis showed the main effect of SDO on discriminating intentions. Simple slope analysis revealed that SDO predicts male participants’ discriminating intentions when the target is a woman, while this relation is not significant when the target is a man. The exact reverse pattern was observed among female participants. Our results suggest intergroup relations and ideological motivations underpin the stigma of schizophrenia. We conclude that different group belongings of individuals with schizophrenia as well as the public’s ideological motivations should be further considered by future research and anti-stigma efforts.
{"title":"Evidence for the Influence of Social Dominance Orientation and Intergroup Relations on the Stigma of Schizophrenia","authors":"D. Lampropoulos, Jaïs Troïan, Céline D’Amico, L. Bentata, T. Apostolidis","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/a000018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000018","url":null,"abstract":"The stigma of schizophrenia is an intergroup phenomenon associated with issues of social power. We consider that the concept of stigma power should be extended to include intergroup relations that go beyond the aspect of the relation between “schizophrenic” and “normal.” With the present study, we intend to demonstrate that perceivers hold more stigmatizing attitudes toward a person with schizophrenia belonging to the outgroup and that especially when the perceiver has a higher Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). One hundred and sixty-one participants from the general population participated in our study (50.3% male, Mage = 39.14, SD = 16.36), which was based on a 2 (Sex of Target: male vs. female) × 2 (Sex of Participant: male vs. female) × SDO between-subjects design. The participants read a standardized vignette used in previous research, depicting a person presenting the symptoms of schizophrenia, and were then asked to complete questionnaires about SDO and intention to discriminate against the depicted individual. Our analysis showed the main effect of SDO on discriminating intentions. Simple slope analysis revealed that SDO predicts male participants’ discriminating intentions when the target is a woman, while this relation is not significant when the target is a man. The exact reverse pattern was observed among female participants. Our results suggest intergroup relations and ideological motivations underpin the stigma of schizophrenia. We conclude that different group belongings of individuals with schizophrenia as well as the public’s ideological motivations should be further considered by future research and anti-stigma efforts.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"133–139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81878866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000017
A. Heissel, Anou Pietrek, Barbara Flunger, T. Fydrich, M. Rapp, S. Heinzel, M. Vansteenkiste
The primary aim of the current study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological need frustration and need satisfaction in the prediction of adults’ mental well-being and ill-being in a heterogeneous sample of adults (N = 334; Mage = 43.33, SD = 32.26; 53% females). Prior to this, validity evidence was provided for the German version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The results of the validation analyses found the German BPNSFS to be a valid and reliable measurement. Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that both need satisfaction and frustration yielded unique and opposing associations with well-being. Specifically, the dimension of psychological need frustration predicted adults’ ill-being. Future research should examine whether frustration of psychological needs is involved in the onset and maintenance of psychopathology (e.g., major depressive disorder).
{"title":"The Validation of the German Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in the Context of Mental Health","authors":"A. Heissel, Anou Pietrek, Barbara Flunger, T. Fydrich, M. Rapp, S. Heinzel, M. Vansteenkiste","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/a000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000017","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of the current study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological need frustration and need satisfaction in the prediction of adults’ mental well-being and ill-being in a heterogeneous sample of adults (N = 334; Mage = 43.33, SD = 32.26; 53% females). Prior to this, validity evidence was provided for the German version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The results of the validation analyses found the German BPNSFS to be a valid and reliable measurement. Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that both need satisfaction and frustration yielded unique and opposing associations with well-being. Specifically, the dimension of psychological need frustration predicted adults’ ill-being. Future research should examine whether frustration of psychological needs is involved in the onset and maintenance of psychopathology (e.g., major depressive disorder).","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"7 1","pages":"119–132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83447793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000019
M. Wirtz, M. Morfeld, E. Brähler, A. Hinz, H. Glaesmer
The association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form Health Survey-12; SF-12) and patient-reported morbidity-related symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is analyzed in a representative sample of older people in the general German population. Data from 1,659 people aged 60 to 85 years were obtained. Latent class analysis identified six classes of patients, which optimally categorize clusters of physical symptoms the participants reported: musculoskeletal impairments (39.8%), healthy (25.7%), musculoskeletal and respiratory/cardiac impairments (12.8%), musculoskeletal and respiratory impairments, along with bowel and digestion problems (12.9%), general impairments (4.9%), and general impairments with no bowel and digestion problems (4.8%). The participants’ SF-12 Physical Health Scores (&eegr;2 = .39) and their Mental Health Scores (&eegr;2 = .28) are highly associated with these latent classes. These associations remain virtually identical after controlling for age. The results provide evidence that profiles of patient-reported physical impairments correspond strongly with reduced HRQoL independently from aging processes.
{"title":"Association of Physical Morbidity and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Representative Sample of Older German People","authors":"M. Wirtz, M. Morfeld, E. Brähler, A. Hinz, H. Glaesmer","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/a000019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000019","url":null,"abstract":"The association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form Health Survey-12; SF-12) and patient-reported morbidity-related symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is analyzed in a representative sample of older people in the general German population. Data from 1,659 people aged 60 to 85 years were obtained. Latent class analysis identified six classes of patients, which optimally categorize clusters of physical symptoms the participants reported: musculoskeletal impairments (39.8%), healthy (25.7%), musculoskeletal and respiratory/cardiac impairments (12.8%), musculoskeletal and respiratory impairments, along with bowel and digestion problems (12.9%), general impairments (4.9%), and general impairments with no bowel and digestion problems (4.8%). The participants’ SF-12 Physical Health Scores (&eegr;2 = .39) and their Mental Health Scores (&eegr;2 = .28) are highly associated with these latent classes. These associations remain virtually identical after controlling for age. The results provide evidence that profiles of patient-reported physical impairments correspond strongly with reduced HRQoL independently from aging processes.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":"140–151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82438511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-03DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000011
J. Höltge, S. M. Mc Gee, A. Maercker, M. Thoma
Research has predominantly focused on the negative effects of adversity on health and well-being. However, the salutogenic perspective suggests that adversity may not always be detrimental (Antonovsky, 1996). In fact, under certain circumstances, adversity may have the potential for positive outcomes, such as increased resilience and thriving (Carver, 1998; Rutter, 1987). The “steeling effect” suggests that past experiences of adversity may increase resistance to later adversities. It proposes that moderate adversity may facilitate more adaptive functioning than no adversity or high levels of adversity (Rutter, 2006, 2012). The relationship between adversity and health may be optimally assessed using curvilinear models, yet the majority of previous studies have examined linear associations (Masten & Cicchetti, 2016). It is therefore the aim of this review to determine whether moderate adversity is associated with more adaptive functioning when compared to no and high levels of adversity. Practical implications and future research are also discussed.
{"title":"A Salutogenic Perspective on Adverse Experiences: The Curvilinear Relationship of Adversity and Well-Being","authors":"J. Höltge, S. M. Mc Gee, A. Maercker, M. Thoma","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/a000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000011","url":null,"abstract":"Research has predominantly focused on the negative effects of adversity on health and well-being. However, the salutogenic perspective suggests that adversity may not always be detrimental (Antonovsky, 1996). In fact, under certain circumstances, adversity may have the potential for positive outcomes, such as increased resilience and thriving (Carver, 1998; Rutter, 1987). The “steeling effect” suggests that past experiences of adversity may increase resistance to later adversities. It proposes that moderate adversity may facilitate more adaptive functioning than no adversity or high levels of adversity (Rutter, 2006, 2012). The relationship between adversity and health may be optimally assessed using curvilinear models, yet the majority of previous studies have examined linear associations (Masten & Cicchetti, 2016). It is therefore the aim of this review to determine whether moderate adversity is associated with more adaptive functioning when compared to no and high levels of adversity. Practical implications and future research are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"149 1","pages":"53–69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82408549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-03DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000010
J. Wray, C. Orrells, H. Latch, M. Burch
Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage heart disease. Coronary artery vasculopathy is, however, a significant morbidity and leading cause of late graft loss, and hyperlipidemia a risk factor for its development. Improving diet in this population could have important benefits for patients. We wanted to understand what influences decisions about food intake in this patient group. Dietary intentions and behavior were examined using a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with 67 children who had undergone heart transplantation at least 12 months previously. The TPB model was significant for both healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors, explaining 55% and 38% of the variance, respectively. Ten percent of children reported not eating any fruit and/or vegetables in the previous week and only 29% reported eating fruit and/or vegetables every day. The Theory of Planned Behavior provides a framework for explaining some specific dietary behaviors related to individual food groups in children who have undergone heart transplantation. These preliminary data support using this approach to inform the development of interventions to improve fruit and vegetable consumption but the approach may be less useful for explaining and developing interventions to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods.
{"title":"Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients’ Dietary Behavior","authors":"J. Wray, C. Orrells, H. Latch, M. Burch","doi":"10.1027/2512-8442/a000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000010","url":null,"abstract":"Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage heart disease. Coronary artery vasculopathy is, however, a significant morbidity and leading cause of late graft loss, and hyperlipidemia a risk factor for its development. Improving diet in this population could have important benefits for patients. We wanted to understand what influences decisions about food intake in this patient group. Dietary intentions and behavior were examined using a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with 67 children who had undergone heart transplantation at least 12 months previously. The TPB model was significant for both healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors, explaining 55% and 38% of the variance, respectively. Ten percent of children reported not eating any fruit and/or vegetables in the previous week and only 29% reported eating fruit and/or vegetables every day. The Theory of Planned Behavior provides a framework for explaining some specific dietary behaviors related to individual food groups in children who have undergone heart transplantation. These preliminary data support using this approach to inform the development of interventions to improve fruit and vegetable consumption but the approach may be less useful for explaining and developing interventions to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods.","PeriodicalId":51983,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Psychology","volume":"68 1","pages":"43–52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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