Pub Date : 2016-01-26DOI: 10.17163/RET.N10.2015.05
Christian Rosero
The paper examines the various theories of pre-decisional dissonance, and the variables that explain it. Exposes cognitive dissonance as a motivating factor in consumer decision making. To test the theoretical model a sample of 250 cases of smartphone users in the city of Guayaquil was used, a factor analysis was performed and the different levels of dissonance identified market. In the results six latent classes that explain 73% of variations were found dissonance.
{"title":"DISONANCIA COGNITIVA EN EL PROCESO DE COMPRA: CASO SMARTPHONE","authors":"Christian Rosero","doi":"10.17163/RET.N10.2015.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N10.2015.05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the various theories of pre-decisional dissonance, and the variables that explain it. Exposes cognitive dissonance as a motivating factor in consumer decision making. To test the theoretical model a sample of 250 cases of smartphone users in the city of Guayaquil was used, a factor analysis was performed and the different levels of dissonance identified market. In the results six latent classes that explain 73% of variations were found dissonance.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"177-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67536466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-26DOI: 10.17163/RET.N10.2015.06
Iván Patricio Vaca Aguirre
Ideas about open systems biologist and Austrian philosopher Ludwig Von Bertalanffy, presented in 1950 in his General Theory of Systems have been applied to organizational theory, based on the notion that organizations are open systems. Under the systemic approach, it is understood that the company is an open system that interacts with its environment. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to understand that the company is an open system that interacts with its environment, to know what the constituent elements of the business system and to suggest that, in its systemic condition, inadequate interaction of its elements would cause problems in the structure of the system and not of dysfunctions of the parties considered in isolation.
开放系统生物学家和奥地利哲学家Ludwig Von Bertalanffy于1950年在他的《系统通论》中提出的思想已经应用于组织理论，基于组织是开放系统的概念。在系统方法下，公司被理解为一个与环境相互作用的开放系统。在这种情况下，本文的目的是理解公司是一个与其环境相互作用的开放系统，了解业务系统的组成要素，并提出，在其系统条件下，其要素的相互作用不足将导致系统结构中的问题，而不是孤立考虑的各方的功能失调。
{"title":"Origen de los problemas administrativos estructurales empresariales con enfoque sistémico","authors":"Iván Patricio Vaca Aguirre","doi":"10.17163/RET.N10.2015.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N10.2015.06","url":null,"abstract":"Ideas about open systems biologist and Austrian philosopher Ludwig Von Bertalanffy, presented in 1950 in his General Theory of Systems have been applied to organizational theory, based on the notion that organizations are open systems. Under the systemic approach, it is understood that the company is an open system that interacts with its environment. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to understand that the company is an open system that interacts with its environment, to know what the constituent elements of the business system and to suggest that, in its systemic condition, inadequate interaction of its elements would cause problems in the structure of the system and not of dysfunctions of the parties considered in isolation.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67536498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-26DOI: 10.17163/RET.N10.2015.01
Guillermo Montoya
This study presents the findings of research conducted in the Municipality of Santa Maria Ostuma, Department of La Paz, El Salvador. Its aim was to analyze local development and municipal management in Santa Maria Ostuma, with emphasis on the panela sector in the region, which is a sector with great potential in the area, both productive and touristic attraction, and that would bring the people income, employment and community development. For the development of research in situ, panela producers were visited and interviews with key stakeholders were performed.
{"title":"Aproximación al desarrollo económico local en el Municipio de Santa María Ostuma, Departamento de La Paz, El Salvador: propuestas y acciones","authors":"Guillermo Montoya","doi":"10.17163/RET.N10.2015.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N10.2015.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the findings of research conducted in the Municipality of Santa Maria Ostuma, Department of La Paz, El Salvador. Its aim was to analyze local development and municipal management in Santa Maria Ostuma, with emphasis on the panela sector in the region, which is a sector with great potential in the area, both productive and touristic attraction, and that would bring the people income, employment and community development. For the development of research in situ, panela producers were visited and interviews with key stakeholders were performed.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67536916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to test the relative convergence hypothesis in Ecuador at cantonal level, considering a set of explanatory variables. Following Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991), a model of nonlinear least squares (NLMS) is estimated using cross-sectional data from 2007 to 2012. The main findings indicate absolute convergence rate of 1,37% per annum between municipalities. With the conditioning factors (illiteracy rate, percentage of households with electricity grid, the average number of children, agricultural production, manufacturing and remittances as a percentage of cantonal gross value added) the convergence rate is reduced to 1,12% annually, indicating that differences in these variables explain a considerable part of the slow territorial convergence in Ecuador.
{"title":"La hipótesis de la convergencia condicional en Ecuador: un análisis a nivel cantonal","authors":"R. Muñoz","doi":"10.17163/RET.N9.2015.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N9.2015.01","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to test the relative convergence hypothesis in Ecuador at cantonal level, considering a set of explanatory variables. Following Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991), a model of nonlinear least squares (NLMS) is estimated using cross-sectional data from 2007 to 2012. The main findings indicate absolute convergence rate of 1,37% per annum between municipalities. With the conditioning factors (illiteracy rate, percentage of households with electricity grid, the average number of children, agricultural production, manufacturing and remittances as a percentage of cantonal gross value added) the convergence rate is reduced to 1,12% annually, indicating that differences in these variables explain a considerable part of the slow territorial convergence in Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67537380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Universidad Politecnica Salesiana campus Guayaquil has identified number of limitations with regard to the lack of environmental awareness on the part of the university community as a result of insufficient commitment, education and initiatives for environmental care. That is why in this article seeks to recognize the current ecological awareness in the UPS- GYQ, the application of scientific methodology through questionnaires and interviews through surveys and interviews with the university community, proposing the implementation of a Ecological Marketing Plan in order to propose strategies capable of transmitting green awareness and reduce existing environmental impact, so an image of care and social and environmental responsibility.
{"title":"Plan de Marketing Ecológico para mitigar los impactos ambientales en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana","authors":"D. Carrasco, M. Calero, Cecibel Alava Pincay","doi":"10.17163/ret.n9.2015.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n9.2015.04","url":null,"abstract":"The Universidad Politecnica Salesiana campus Guayaquil has identified number of limitations with regard to the lack of environmental awareness on the part of the university community as a result of insufficient commitment, education and initiatives for environmental care. That is why in this article seeks to recognize the current ecological awareness in the UPS- GYQ, the application of scientific methodology through questionnaires and interviews through surveys and interviews with the university community, proposing the implementation of a Ecological Marketing Plan in order to propose strategies capable of transmitting green awareness and reduce existing environmental impact, so an image of care and social and environmental responsibility.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"12 1","pages":"55-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67537399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron Silva Naranjo, Christian Oswaldo Morán Montalvo, C. Zambrano, José Macuy Calle, Judit Behr Gutiérrez
This research analyzes the income of families dedicated to recycling urban waste. The existing problem is the slow growth of employment indicators in Guayaquil; it is the reason to consider recycling as a job. The objective is to determine the average income of recycling materials collectors in the city. This will allow comparison between the variable average monthly income with monthly inflation variable, and the correlation between them. This is a quantitative research, utilizing an inductive approach of field studies, with cross-sectional and non-experimental methodology. Among the findings is that there is a correlation between the two variables, but this is not significant. Furthermore, it determined that workers engaged in the collection, are workers with an average age of 55 years, and all have had previous careers. The collectors’ average income is about 10% above a minimum living wage generally, but 19% less than the “basic living basket” that determines the poverty line.
{"title":"La inflación y el ingreso de los recolectores de desechos sólidos inorgánicos reciclables de la ciudad de Guayaquil","authors":"Aaron Silva Naranjo, Christian Oswaldo Morán Montalvo, C. Zambrano, José Macuy Calle, Judit Behr Gutiérrez","doi":"10.17163/RET.N9.2015.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N9.2015.05","url":null,"abstract":"This research analyzes the income of families dedicated to recycling urban waste. The existing problem is the slow growth of employment indicators in Guayaquil; it is the reason to consider recycling as a job. The objective is to determine the average income of recycling materials collectors in the city. This will allow comparison between the variable average monthly income with monthly inflation variable, and the correlation between them. This is a quantitative research, utilizing an inductive approach of field studies, with cross-sectional and non-experimental methodology. Among the findings is that there is a correlation between the two variables, but this is not significant. Furthermore, it determined that workers engaged in the collection, are workers with an average age of 55 years, and all have had previous careers. The collectors’ average income is about 10% above a minimum living wage generally, but 19% less than the “basic living basket” that determines the poverty line.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67536936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The unemployment rate gives a relative idea of the overall economic health of a country. This paper’s aim was to explore, understand and measure the positive or negative relationship between foreign direct investment and government investment with unemployment in Ecuador. The ordinary least square regression model was used to determine if there were any relations between the variables and to measure them. The databases used for this econometric analysis were generated and published by Ecuador’s Central Bank, the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics (INEC) and the National Secretariat of Planning and Development (SENPLADES). The results show significant relations between government investment and unemployment. On the contrary, there is no relationship between foreign direct investment and unemployment for the Ecuadorian case.
{"title":"The relations between foreign direct investment, government investment and unemployment (Ecuador 2003-2013)","authors":"C. P. Ramírez, Alexis Villacís Aveiga","doi":"10.17163/ret.n9.2015.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n9.2015.03","url":null,"abstract":"The unemployment rate gives a relative idea of the overall economic health of a country. This paper’s aim was to explore, understand and measure the positive or negative relationship between foreign direct investment and government investment with unemployment in Ecuador. The ordinary least square regression model was used to determine if there were any relations between the variables and to measure them. The databases used for this econometric analysis were generated and published by Ecuador’s Central Bank, the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics (INEC) and the National Secretariat of Planning and Development (SENPLADES). The results show significant relations between government investment and unemployment. On the contrary, there is no relationship between foreign direct investment and unemployment for the Ecuadorian case.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"39-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67537387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
El presente trabajo analiza la importancia del servicio de traduccion e interpretacion en las negociaciones internacionales por parte de las empresas ecuatorianas exportadoras, considerando que en la actualidad existe un mayor interes por parte de los productores locales por captar un porcentaje de mercado en Asia. De acuerdo a este hecho uno de los aspectos importantes es el papel del traductor y del interprete en la comunicacion con los importadores. Sin embargo, las empresas del sector cacaotero no cuentan con un departamento de traduccion e interpretacion (T&I), o no manejan adecuadamente el idioma ingles. Para llevar a cabo el trabajo se utilizo una investigacion cualitativa, para lo cual fue necesario realizar entrevistas a varios actores de este sector economico.
{"title":"Importancia de la traducción e interpretación de idiomas para las empresas exportadoras de cacao","authors":"Nicole Martinetti Macias, M. C. Ortega","doi":"10.17163/RET.N9.2015.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N9.2015.06","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo analiza la importancia del servicio de traduccion e interpretacion en las negociaciones internacionales por parte de las empresas ecuatorianas exportadoras, considerando que en la actualidad existe un mayor interes por parte de los productores locales por captar un porcentaje de mercado en Asia. De acuerdo a este hecho uno de los aspectos importantes es el papel del traductor y del interprete en la comunicacion con los importadores. Sin embargo, las empresas del sector cacaotero no cuentan con un departamento de traduccion e interpretacion (T&I), o no manejan adecuadamente el idioma ingles. Para llevar a cabo el trabajo se utilizo una investigacion cualitativa, para lo cual fue necesario realizar entrevistas a varios actores de este sector economico.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"5 1","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67536945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Darwin Daniel Ordóñez Iturralde, Susana Marlene Hinojosa Dazza
El diseno de las politicas de un pais debe evaluar el comportamiento de las principales variables macroeconomicas. La evolucion de los sectores productivos en una economia abierta tiene un impacto directo en las distintas actividades productivas, particularmente cuando muchas de ellas tienen relacion directa con el mercado internacional y mas aun cuando este se caracteriza por un considerable grado de inestabilidad. Este documento busca analizar e identificar el impacto de las politicas comerciales y las relaciones internacionales del Ecuador como componentes de la politica exterior identificadas en el Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir que promueve el cambio de la matriz productiva y que se ven reflejados en documentos oficiales.
{"title":"La Política Exterior del Ecuador en el Marco del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir","authors":"Darwin Daniel Ordóñez Iturralde, Susana Marlene Hinojosa Dazza","doi":"10.17163/RET.N8.2014.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/RET.N8.2014.07","url":null,"abstract":"El diseno de las politicas de un pais debe evaluar el comportamiento de las principales variables macroeconomicas. La evolucion de los sectores productivos en una economia abierta tiene un impacto directo en las distintas actividades productivas, particularmente cuando muchas de ellas tienen relacion directa con el mercado internacional y mas aun cuando este se caracteriza por un considerable grado de inestabilidad. Este documento busca analizar e identificar el impacto de las politicas comerciales y las relaciones internacionales del Ecuador como componentes de la politica exterior identificadas en el Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir que promueve el cambio de la matriz productiva y que se ven reflejados en documentos oficiales.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"4 1","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67537320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the present paper is to put to the attention of the interested a methodological proposal for the design of touristic products, on which can be generated alternatives of the new start-up and its destiny context. It integrates marketing approach, not only from the philosophical point of view but also from the management perspective, the support of the value and the product concept in the tourist destiny as an integrated offer, in which the attractiveness of the existing resource in the physical space that is built in the basic product and the peripheral services are the activities supporting lodging and restoration and the remainder of the activities are those that impelled by the creative thought that can be constituted in the main components that contribute to value this offer.
{"title":"Procedimiento metodológico de diseño de productos turísticos para facilitar nuevos emprendimientos","authors":"G. G. Ceballos","doi":"10.17163/ret.n8.2014.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n8.2014.08","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present paper is to put to the attention of the interested a methodological proposal for the design of touristic products, on which can be generated alternatives of the new start-up and its destiny context. It integrates marketing approach, not only from the philosophical point of view but also from the management perspective, the support of the value and the product concept in the tourist destiny as an integrated offer, in which the attractiveness of the existing resource in the physical space that is built in the basic product and the peripheral services are the activities supporting lodging and restoration and the remainder of the activities are those that impelled by the creative thought that can be constituted in the main components that contribute to value this offer.","PeriodicalId":52034,"journal":{"name":"Retos-Revista de Ciencias de la Administracion y Economia","volume":"4 1","pages":"158-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67537325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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