A. Abdallah, Khalid Sanusy, W. Said, D. Mahran, A. Mohamed-Hussein
Background: The prevalence of asthma and allergies is increasing in both Western and developing countries. Few studies evaluated asthma prevalence in Egypt . Objectives: Determination of the prevalence and risk factors of asthma among preparatory school children in Assiut district, in Upper Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among preparatory school students in Assiut city and two rural areas in Assiut district in Upper Egypt. Twelve schools were selected randomly from different regions in Assiut city and two rural areas one to the North and the other to the South of Assiut city. The total coverage of the students included was 1048 (482 boys and 566 girls). Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire (in Arabic Language) which was filled by the participants. Results: Of the 1048 positively responding subjects, 65 fitted the diagnosis of asthma with over all prevalence of 6.2%. No significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P = 0.075). Using logistic regression analysis: a positive family history of allergy and the presence of other one or more allergic diseases were significantly associated risk factors for asthma. Exposure to dust, cigarette smoke, playing and physical activity, common cold attacks, and special food or drinks were the most common triggering factors for asthma exacerbations . Conclusion: Bronchial asthma is a significant health problem among children and adolescents in Assiut district and needs special medical care. Wider scale multi-center studies in upper Egypt and other localities of Egypt are needed to outline the profile of bronchial asthma among children and adolescents in the whole country. Keywords: prevalence of asthma, preparatory school children, Assiut district Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012;10(2):109-117
{"title":"Epidemiology of bronchial asthma among preparatory school children in Assiut district","authors":"A. Abdallah, Khalid Sanusy, W. Said, D. Mahran, A. Mohamed-Hussein","doi":"10.4314/ejpai.v10i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ejpai.v10i2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of asthma and allergies is increasing in both Western and developing countries. Few studies evaluated asthma prevalence in Egypt . Objectives: Determination of the prevalence and risk factors of asthma among preparatory school children in Assiut district, in Upper Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among preparatory school students in Assiut city and two rural areas in Assiut district in Upper Egypt. Twelve schools were selected randomly from different regions in Assiut city and two rural areas one to the North and the other to the South of Assiut city. The total coverage of the students included was 1048 (482 boys and 566 girls). Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire (in Arabic Language) which was filled by the participants. Results: Of the 1048 positively responding subjects, 65 fitted the diagnosis of asthma with over all prevalence of 6.2%. No significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P = 0.075). Using logistic regression analysis: a positive family history of allergy and the presence of other one or more allergic diseases were significantly associated risk factors for asthma. Exposure to dust, cigarette smoke, playing and physical activity, common cold attacks, and special food or drinks were the most common triggering factors for asthma exacerbations . Conclusion: Bronchial asthma is a significant health problem among children and adolescents in Assiut district and needs special medical care. Wider scale multi-center studies in upper Egypt and other localities of Egypt are needed to outline the profile of bronchial asthma among children and adolescents in the whole country. Keywords: prevalence of asthma, preparatory school children, Assiut district Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012;10(2):109-117","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74610774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To identify maternal knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about immunization and to determine maternal characteristics and the determinants of full immunization status among respondents of children age (2-24 months). Methods: A cross sectional survey of nonrandomized sample of 200 mothers were interviewed at primary health care clinic at Al-Beida City coming for vaccination of their children in a period from first to 31 August 2008. Results: From a total of 200 studied mothers 81% (n=162) completely immunized their children and 19% (n=38) partially immunized them. Seventy-seven percent of studied sample were from urban, while the rest were from rural town. Paramedical workers were the main source of information to respondents of completely immunized children (88.28%) followed by T.V, posters and symposia, while community leaders and doctors were found to be a lesser source. Concerning the effect of the education status of the mothers the percentage of complete immunization was 71.41% for highly educated mothers while for the illiterates it was 88.23% but, the difference was not statistically significant. The mother's work did not affect the child's immunization status as 79.45% of working mothers completed their children's immunization. The child's health and sickness was the most common cause for cessation of immunization, followed by non availability of the vaccine, social reasons and forgetfulness (54%, 20.%, 10,5% and 5.5%) respectively Only 10% of the mothers failed to report a reason for not immunizing their children. Conclusion: The child's gender, education, residence and job of the mother did not affect the pattern of immunization, while negative attitude (mothers afraid from vaccination) significantly affected the immunization status. This signifies the incomplete knowledge and inappropriate practice of the people. Extra effort is need to raise the knowledge and break the old beliefs of the people. Appropriate information dissemination, aggressive campaigning and family involvement are crucial to the success of the programme. Keywords: Immunization , knowledge, attitude , practice, child, mothers Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;9(1):29-34
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers regarding immunization of infants and preschool children at Al-Beida City, Libya 2008","authors":"Mabrouka A. M. Bofarraj","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V9I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V9I1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To identify maternal knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about immunization and to determine maternal characteristics and the determinants of full immunization status among respondents of children age (2-24 months). Methods: A cross sectional survey of nonrandomized sample of 200 mothers were interviewed at primary health care clinic at Al-Beida City coming for vaccination of their children in a period from first to 31 August 2008. Results: From a total of 200 studied mothers 81% (n=162) completely immunized their children and 19% (n=38) partially immunized them. Seventy-seven percent of studied sample were from urban, while the rest were from rural town. Paramedical workers were the main source of information to respondents of completely immunized children (88.28%) followed by T.V, posters and symposia, while community leaders and doctors were found to be a lesser source. Concerning the effect of the education status of the mothers the percentage of complete immunization was 71.41% for highly educated mothers while for the illiterates it was 88.23% but, the difference was not statistically significant. The mother's work did not affect the child's immunization status as 79.45% of working mothers completed their children's immunization. The child's health and sickness was the most common cause for cessation of immunization, followed by non availability of the vaccine, social reasons and forgetfulness (54%, 20.%, 10,5% and 5.5%) respectively Only 10% of the mothers failed to report a reason for not immunizing their children. Conclusion: The child's gender, education, residence and job of the mother did not affect the pattern of immunization, while negative attitude (mothers afraid from vaccination) significantly affected the immunization status. This signifies the incomplete knowledge and inappropriate practice of the people. Extra effort is need to raise the knowledge and break the old beliefs of the people. Appropriate information dissemination, aggressive campaigning and family involvement are crucial to the success of the programme. Keywords: Immunization , knowledge, attitude , practice, child, mothers Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;9(1):29-34","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80322354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. El-Shimi, S. M. Khafagy, H. Abdel-al, M. Omara
Background: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a collagenous protein that plays a role in innate immunity. MBL deficiency is associated with an opsonization defect and has been associated with recurrent infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Neonates are considered to be immunocompromised because adaptive immunity has not yet been developed. Objective: This study was done to evaluate the levels of MBL in premature neonates and to determine the relation between MBL deficiency and development of sepsis. Methods: This case- control study was conducted on 64 neonates classified into 2 groups; 39 preterm neonates with gestational age (G.A) <36 weeks and 25 healthy full term neonates. Measurement of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum level was done on the first day of life using ELISA technique. Results: Mean MBL plasma level was found to be lower in preterm than full term neonates, yet this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was a negative correlation albeit an insignificant one, between MBL level and GA. The deficient group (those with MBL level ≤0.7μg/ml) had higher incidence of sepsis, albeit an insignificant one, than the non deficient group. A highly significant positive correlation was demonstrated between MBL plasma level in neonatal and umbilical cord blood samples. Conclusion: Premature neonates have low MBL serum levels which could be measured in either their venous or umbilical cord blood efficiently. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between MBL deficiency and neonatal sepsis and whether measuring MBL levels might be used to identify which neonates are prone to infections. Keywords: Mannose binding lectin, neonates, preterm, sepsis Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010;8(2):75-80
{"title":"Mannose-binding lectin deficiency in preterm neonates","authors":"M. S. El-Shimi, S. M. Khafagy, H. Abdel-al, M. Omara","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V8I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V8I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a collagenous protein that plays a role in innate immunity. MBL deficiency is associated with an opsonization defect and has been associated with recurrent infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Neonates are considered to be immunocompromised because adaptive immunity has not yet been developed. Objective: This study was done to evaluate the levels of MBL in premature neonates and to determine the relation between MBL deficiency and development of sepsis. Methods: This case- control study was conducted on 64 neonates classified into 2 groups; 39 preterm neonates with gestational age (G.A) <36 weeks and 25 healthy full term neonates. Measurement of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) serum level was done on the first day of life using ELISA technique. Results: Mean MBL plasma level was found to be lower in preterm than full term neonates, yet this difference did not reach statistical significance. There was a negative correlation albeit an insignificant one, between MBL level and GA. The deficient group (those with MBL level ≤0.7μg/ml) had higher incidence of sepsis, albeit an insignificant one, than the non deficient group. A highly significant positive correlation was demonstrated between MBL plasma level in neonatal and umbilical cord blood samples. Conclusion: Premature neonates have low MBL serum levels which could be measured in either their venous or umbilical cord blood efficiently. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between MBL deficiency and neonatal sepsis and whether measuring MBL levels might be used to identify which neonates are prone to infections. Keywords: Mannose binding lectin, neonates, preterm, sepsis Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010;8(2):75-80","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76591779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normal sleep; no impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; normal work or school; no troublesome symptoms Mild Normal sleep; no impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; normal work or school; no troublesome symptoms Moderate-severe One or more of the following: abnormal sleep; impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; abnormal work or school; troublesome symptoms Moderate-severe One or more of the following: abnormal sleep; impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; abnormal work or school; troublesome symptoms ≤4 days/week or ≤ 4 weeks
{"title":"Immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis","authors":"T. Deraz","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V8I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V8I1","url":null,"abstract":"Normal sleep; no impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; normal work or school; no troublesome symptoms Mild Normal sleep; no impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; normal work or school; no troublesome symptoms Moderate-severe One or more of the following: abnormal sleep; impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; abnormal work or school; troublesome symptoms Moderate-severe One or more of the following: abnormal sleep; impairment of daily leisure, or sport activities; abnormal work or school; troublesome symptoms ≤4 days/week or ≤ 4 weeks","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80989371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. El-Samahy, A. Adly, Halla D El-Gindi, Hend Ha El-Ghaffar
Background: Antioxidant potential decreases while plasma lipid peroxidation products increase in type1 diabetes mellitus. The vascular endothelium is a major target of oxidative stress (OS). Reactive oxygen species signal events leading to impairment of endothelial function and promotion of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium.. Objective: To explore the relation between OS and adhesion molecules in type1 diabetes and correlate it with the state of metabolic control, disease duration and microvascular complications (MVCs). Design: Thirty-eight type 1 diabetics were included: 22 patients with disease duration less than 5 years and 16 patients with duration of 5 years or more. Thirty healthy age and sex matched subjects served as controls. They were assessed clinically. Laboratory investigations included, random blood sugar (RBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipid profile and measurement of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation and serum soluble P-selectin as a marker of endothelial/platelet activation. Results: Serum MDA and P-selectin were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetics compared to controls with the highest level in diabetics with disease duration of 5 years or more (p <0.0001). Both MDA and P-selectin levels were significantly elevated in complicated compared to non complicated diabetics (P < 0.0001) with strong relation to complication severity. Serum MDA level was positively correlated with serum P-selectin level in diabetics (p 0.0001). Serum MDA and P-selectin were positively and significantly correlated with disease duration (p < 0.0001 ), RBS (p < 0.0001,p=0.001 respectively), HbA1c (p < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.03,p=0.005 respectively), total cholesterol (p=0.04,p=0.02, respectively), triglycerides (p=0.006, p < 0.0001 respectively) and low density lipoproteins (p=0.03,p=0.05 respectively) but negatively correlated with high density lipoproteins(p=0.03). On multiple regression analysis, HbA1c had the strongest effect on both MDA and P-selectin levels (P <0.0001). Cut off values for serum MDA and Pselectin equal to 8.035 nmoles/ml and 45.15ng/dl respectively for early detection of diabetic MVCs were defined. Conclusion: Levels of MAD and P-selectin are elevated in type1 diabetics with evident relation to disease duration, metabolic control and severity of MVCs. Hence both of them might act as good markers to identify diabetics who are more susceptible to develop vascular disease. Keywords: Type1 diabetes, oxidative stress, P-selectin, adhesion molecules, microvascular complications Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009; 7(2): 65-77
{"title":"The relation between oxidative stress and adhesion molecules in Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","authors":"M. El-Samahy, A. Adly, Halla D El-Gindi, Hend Ha El-Ghaffar","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V7I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V7I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antioxidant potential decreases while plasma lipid peroxidation products increase in type1 diabetes mellitus. The vascular endothelium is a major target of oxidative stress (OS). Reactive oxygen species signal events leading to impairment of endothelial function and promotion of leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium.. Objective: To explore the relation between OS and adhesion molecules in type1 diabetes and correlate it with the state of metabolic control, disease duration and microvascular complications (MVCs). Design: Thirty-eight type 1 diabetics were included: 22 patients with disease duration less than 5 years and 16 patients with duration of 5 years or more. Thirty healthy age and sex matched subjects served as controls. They were assessed clinically. Laboratory investigations included, random blood sugar (RBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipid profile and measurement of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation and serum soluble P-selectin as a marker of endothelial/platelet activation. Results: Serum MDA and P-selectin were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetics compared to controls with the highest level in diabetics with disease duration of 5 years or more (p <0.0001). Both MDA and P-selectin levels were significantly elevated in complicated compared to non complicated diabetics (P < 0.0001) with strong relation to complication severity. Serum MDA level was positively correlated with serum P-selectin level in diabetics (p 0.0001). Serum MDA and P-selectin were positively and significantly correlated with disease duration (p < 0.0001 ), RBS (p < 0.0001,p=0.001 respectively), HbA1c (p < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.03,p=0.005 respectively), total cholesterol (p=0.04,p=0.02, respectively), triglycerides (p=0.006, p < 0.0001 respectively) and low density lipoproteins (p=0.03,p=0.05 respectively) but negatively correlated with high density lipoproteins(p=0.03). On multiple regression analysis, HbA1c had the strongest effect on both MDA and P-selectin levels (P <0.0001). Cut off values for serum MDA and Pselectin equal to 8.035 nmoles/ml and 45.15ng/dl respectively for early detection of diabetic MVCs were defined. Conclusion: Levels of MAD and P-selectin are elevated in type1 diabetics with evident relation to disease duration, metabolic control and severity of MVCs. Hence both of them might act as good markers to identify diabetics who are more susceptible to develop vascular disease. Keywords: Type1 diabetes, oxidative stress, P-selectin, adhesion molecules, microvascular complications Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009; 7(2): 65-77","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75115238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ezzat, Mohamed Abdelnaeem Sallam, K. Shaheen, Rafik E Abo-El-Haythim
Background: OX40 ligand (OX40L) and OX40 are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) super families respectively. Recent studies have indicated the critical involvement of OX40/OX40L interaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. To our knowledge, no data could be cited in literature concerning OX40L levels in serum or in other biological fluids of atopic dermatitis children. Objective: This study was done to explore the expression of OX40L in the serum of atopic dermatitis children with respect to disease activity and severity. Methods: This follow-up, case-control longitudinal study was conducted on 64 children as a stratified non-random sample; 34 with atopic dermatitis and 30 healthy children. Serum concentrations of OX40L were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The severity of atopic dermatitis was assessed according to the Leicester Sign Score (LSS), Simple Scoring System (SSS), Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and Objective SCORAD. Results: Serum OX40L levels (pg/ml) in atopic dermatitis patients were significantly elevated as compared to controls (176.6 ± 45.9) whether during flare (1007 ± 241.5) or quiescence (699 ± 198.5). There were significant positive correlations between serum OX40L levels and each of the LSS, SSS and SCORAD indices of atopic dermatitis disease severity, while it was insignificant regarding the objective SCORAD. However, when atopic dermatitis children were classified according to the objective SCORAD index of severity into mild, moderate and severe, it was found that the mean serum level in the severe group was significantly higher than the corresponding values of the mild or the moderate group. OX40L levels did not correlate with serum total IgE or absolute eosinophils count. Serum total LDH levels correlated positively with each of the serum OX40L levels and the LSS and SCORAD indices of severity. Conclusions: Serum OX40L level is an objective reliable marker of atopic dermatitis severity in children. It may be useful for follow up and may help to improve research and management of this disease. Blockade of interactions between OX40 on Th2 cells and OX40L on activated dendritic cells using an OX40L-specific monoclonal antibody could represent a novel strategy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, LSS, OX40, OX40L, SCORAD, SSS, TNF Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009;7(1):15-22
{"title":"Serum OX40 ligand: a potential marker of atopic dermatitis disease severity in children","authors":"M. Ezzat, Mohamed Abdelnaeem Sallam, K. Shaheen, Rafik E Abo-El-Haythim","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V7I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V7I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: OX40 ligand (OX40L) and OX40 are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) super families respectively. Recent studies have indicated the critical involvement of OX40/OX40L interaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. To our knowledge, no data could be cited in literature concerning OX40L levels in serum or in other biological fluids of atopic dermatitis children. Objective: This study was done to explore the expression of OX40L in the serum of atopic dermatitis children with respect to disease activity and severity. Methods: This follow-up, case-control longitudinal study was conducted on 64 children as a stratified non-random sample; 34 with atopic dermatitis and 30 healthy children. Serum concentrations of OX40L were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The severity of atopic dermatitis was assessed according to the Leicester Sign Score (LSS), Simple Scoring System (SSS), Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and Objective SCORAD. Results: Serum OX40L levels (pg/ml) in atopic dermatitis patients were significantly elevated as compared to controls (176.6 ± 45.9) whether during flare (1007 ± 241.5) or quiescence (699 ± 198.5). There were significant positive correlations between serum OX40L levels and each of the LSS, SSS and SCORAD indices of atopic dermatitis disease severity, while it was insignificant regarding the objective SCORAD. However, when atopic dermatitis children were classified according to the objective SCORAD index of severity into mild, moderate and severe, it was found that the mean serum level in the severe group was significantly higher than the corresponding values of the mild or the moderate group. OX40L levels did not correlate with serum total IgE or absolute eosinophils count. Serum total LDH levels correlated positively with each of the serum OX40L levels and the LSS and SCORAD indices of severity. Conclusions: Serum OX40L level is an objective reliable marker of atopic dermatitis severity in children. It may be useful for follow up and may help to improve research and management of this disease. Blockade of interactions between OX40 on Th2 cells and OX40L on activated dendritic cells using an OX40L-specific monoclonal antibody could represent a novel strategy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, LSS, OX40, OX40L, SCORAD, SSS, TNF Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009;7(1):15-22","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lerine B. Eldin, H. Algamal, Gada F El-Dory, M. Rashad, S. E. Arab, Nibal A Abo Alella
Background: Obesity has become a disease of great importance affecting children and adolescents. Obesity can cause atopy or inflammation, where there are some common factors that predispose to both obesity and atopy. Objective: To study the factors contributing to allergic disorders in obese children, the role of leptin in obesity related atopic disorders and the relation of birth weight and breast feeding to both obesity and atopy. Methods: Forty seven obese children and adolescents and 45 healthy children (control group) were included in the study. The obese children were divided into 2 groups (based on the history of nasal allergy, bronchial asthma, skin, eye or food allergy), group I (n=21) atopic and group II (n=26) non atopic. All obese children were subjected to complete blood count, serum triglycerides and cholesterol, serum leptin (for control group also) and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurement. Results: Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in group I than group II (33.35±9.93 vs. 23.70±9.7IU/L, p=0.000), also serum total IgE was significantly higher in group I than in group II (510.476±366.407 IU/L vs. 114.577±120.940 IU/L, p=0.000). Group II showed higher serum leptin level than group I (185.115±105.912 vs. 133.048±100.718 ng/ml), a difference not statistically significant (p = 0.092), yet, both were higher than the control group (7.24±5.98 ng/ml). Significant positive correlation was found between serum leptin level and age (p=0.000, r = 0.60) and BMI (p=0.000, r = 0.720), while negative correlation was found between serum leptin and IgE (r= 0.289, P=0.049). Significant positive correlation was found between obesity (BMI) and family history of obesity (r = 4.672, p = 0.036). Conclusion: There is a strong positive association between obesity and atopy: Serum leptin was higher in obese children when compared to control group more in non atopic than atopic group yet not statistically significant. Family history of obesity is an important predisposing factor for obesity in children. The frequency of atopy was higher in artificial than in breast fed obese children. Therefore efforts should focus on weight reduction as a part of treatment of asthma in obese children, also serum leptin assay is important in all obese children and further studies are needed to know more details about leptin hormone and its relation to both atopy and obesity. Keywords: Obesity, Leptin hormone, Atopy, Total IgE, Allergic disorders Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 6(1): 27-34.
{"title":"Relation between obesity, lipid profile, leptin and atopic disorders in children","authors":"Lerine B. Eldin, H. Algamal, Gada F El-Dory, M. Rashad, S. E. Arab, Nibal A Abo Alella","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V6I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V6I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity has become a disease of great importance affecting children and adolescents. Obesity can cause atopy or inflammation, where there are some common factors that predispose to both obesity and atopy. Objective: To study the factors contributing to allergic disorders in obese children, the role of leptin in obesity related atopic disorders and the relation of birth weight and breast feeding to both obesity and atopy. Methods: Forty seven obese children and adolescents and 45 healthy children (control group) were included in the study. The obese children were divided into 2 groups (based on the history of nasal allergy, bronchial asthma, skin, eye or food allergy), group I (n=21) atopic and group II (n=26) non atopic. All obese children were subjected to complete blood count, serum triglycerides and cholesterol, serum leptin (for control group also) and serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) measurement. Results: Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in group I than group II (33.35±9.93 vs. 23.70±9.7IU/L, p=0.000), also serum total IgE was significantly higher in group I than in group II (510.476±366.407 IU/L vs. 114.577±120.940 IU/L, p=0.000). Group II showed higher serum leptin level than group I (185.115±105.912 vs. 133.048±100.718 ng/ml), a difference not statistically significant (p = 0.092), yet, both were higher than the control group (7.24±5.98 ng/ml). Significant positive correlation was found between serum leptin level and age (p=0.000, r = 0.60) and BMI (p=0.000, r = 0.720), while negative correlation was found between serum leptin and IgE (r= 0.289, P=0.049). Significant positive correlation was found between obesity (BMI) and family history of obesity (r = 4.672, p = 0.036). Conclusion: There is a strong positive association between obesity and atopy: Serum leptin was higher in obese children when compared to control group more in non atopic than atopic group yet not statistically significant. Family history of obesity is an important predisposing factor for obesity in children. The frequency of atopy was higher in artificial than in breast fed obese children. Therefore efforts should focus on weight reduction as a part of treatment of asthma in obese children, also serum leptin assay is important in all obese children and further studies are needed to know more details about leptin hormone and its relation to both atopy and obesity. Keywords: Obesity, Leptin hormone, Atopy, Total IgE, Allergic disorders Egypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 6(1): 27-34.","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88212018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Bronchial asthma is a disease of continuing inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes trouble breathing. It is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world and there is evidence that its prevalence has increased considerably over the past 20 years especially in children .The prevalence of asthma symptoms in children varies from 1 to more than 30% in different populations and is increasing in most countries . In Egypt, asthma is the commonest cause of emergency and hospital admission where the prevalence among children aged 3-15 years estimated to be 8.2%, with 10% annual increase in mortality . The genetics of asthma is important in pediatric asthma. Current clinical Knowledge of genetic aspects of asthma is needed to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history and management of children with asthma . Identifying the genes associated with asthma offers a means of better define of its pathogenesis, with the promise of improving preventive strategies, diagnostic tools and therapies .
{"title":"Genetic aspects of pediatric asthma: potential clinical role","authors":"Sarwat E Deraz","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V6I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V6I2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Bronchial asthma is a disease of continuing inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes trouble breathing. It is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world and there is evidence that its prevalence has increased considerably over the past 20 years especially in children .The prevalence of asthma symptoms in children varies from 1 to more than 30% in different populations and is increasing in most countries . In Egypt, asthma is the commonest cause of emergency and hospital admission where the prevalence among children aged 3-15 years estimated to be 8.2%, with 10% annual increase in mortality . The genetics of asthma is important in pediatric asthma. Current clinical Knowledge of genetic aspects of asthma is needed to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, natural history and management of children with asthma . Identifying the genes associated with asthma offers a means of better define of its pathogenesis, with the promise of improving preventive strategies, diagnostic tools and therapies .","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90249725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/J.JACI.2006.11.304
Y. El-Gamal, M. Ezzat, Khaled S. Awwad, N. Heshmat, M. M. A. Al-Aziz, Z. El-Gabbas
{"title":"Monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4/CCL-13) and CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) in the sputum of asthmatic children","authors":"Y. El-Gamal, M. Ezzat, Khaled S. Awwad, N. Heshmat, M. M. A. Al-Aziz, Z. El-Gabbas","doi":"10.1016/J.JACI.2006.11.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACI.2006.11.304","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83583558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS immune privilege (or not?) The central nervous system (CNS) immune privilege is an experimentally defined phenomenon. Tissues that are rapidly rejected by the immune system when grafted in sites, such as the skin, show prolonged survival when grafted into the CNS. Initially, CNS immune privilege was construed as CNS isolation from the immune system by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the lack of draining lymphatics, and the apparent immunoincompetence of microglia, the resident CNS macrophage. Moreover, except for astrocytes, there is no constitutive expression of MHC molecules in the cells of the CNS. The most convincing evidence of all is that tissue transplanted from one individual into the brain of another individual survives for extended periods of time. The 'immune privilege' of the CNS is indispensable for damage limitation during inflammation in a sensitive organ with poor regenerative capacity. It is a longstanding notion which, over time, has acquired several misconceptions and a lack of precision in its definition. There is no doubt that the brain differs significantly from other tissues in its responses to pathogenic challenges. Infection or inflammation elicits rather different responses in the brain to those in other tissues. This is most evident in leukocyte recruitment, which is rapid in many systemic organs, but modest and delayed in the brain. In spite of these notable differences, the brain does exhibit key features of inflammation (Table 1).
{"title":"CNS and inflammation","authors":"H. Tomoum","doi":"10.4314/EJPAI.V5I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJPAI.V5I1","url":null,"abstract":"CNS immune privilege (or not?) The central nervous system (CNS) immune privilege is an experimentally defined phenomenon. Tissues that are rapidly rejected by the immune system when grafted in sites, such as the skin, show prolonged survival when grafted into the CNS. Initially, CNS immune privilege was construed as CNS isolation from the immune system by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the lack of draining lymphatics, and the apparent immunoincompetence of microglia, the resident CNS macrophage. Moreover, except for astrocytes, there is no constitutive expression of MHC molecules in the cells of the CNS. The most convincing evidence of all is that tissue transplanted from one individual into the brain of another individual survives for extended periods of time. The 'immune privilege' of the CNS is indispensable for damage limitation during inflammation in a sensitive organ with poor regenerative capacity. It is a longstanding notion which, over time, has acquired several misconceptions and a lack of precision in its definition. There is no doubt that the brain differs significantly from other tissues in its responses to pathogenic challenges. Infection or inflammation elicits rather different responses in the brain to those in other tissues. This is most evident in leukocyte recruitment, which is rapid in many systemic organs, but modest and delayed in the brain. In spite of these notable differences, the brain does exhibit key features of inflammation (Table 1).","PeriodicalId":52068,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89638239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：