Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160144
Jyotirmaya Patnaik
No figure of speech other than “paradox” can encapsulate the chaotic confusion, uncertainty, and anxiety human civilization has been passing through since the outbreak of Covid-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS Cov-2) has proved how helpless human beings could be, all the scientific progress and technological advances notwithstanding. The paradox of existential reality till today continues to be as it is from the time of the dawn of curiosity in the cognitive domain of humanity. No sooner some intricate question or problem seems to have been figured out or fixed than there comes up something that reminds us how limited our understanding is and how ineffectual our actions are before Nature’s scheme of things. The latest instance is that when humanity is about to heave a sigh of relief for having developed pharmacological measures to tame Covid-19, new mutants of the microbe are emerging with more deadly and contagious characteristics. Irrespective of geographical location, racial distinction, financial position, everybody is subject to vulnerability. Instead of living a life, each one struggles to cope with the predicament human life has been thrown into.
{"title":"Paradox of Existential Reality","authors":"Jyotirmaya Patnaik","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160144","url":null,"abstract":"No figure of speech other than “paradox” can encapsulate the chaotic confusion, uncertainty, and anxiety human civilization has been passing through since the outbreak of Covid-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS Cov-2) has proved how helpless human beings could be, all the scientific progress and technological advances notwithstanding. The paradox of existential reality till today continues to be as it is from the time of the dawn of curiosity in the cognitive domain of humanity. No sooner some intricate question or problem seems to have been figured out or fixed than there comes up something that reminds us how limited our understanding is and how ineffectual our actions are before Nature’s scheme of things. The latest instance is that when humanity is about to heave a sigh of relief for having developed pharmacological measures to tame Covid-19, new mutants of the microbe are emerging with more deadly and contagious characteristics. Irrespective of geographical location, racial distinction, financial position, everybody is subject to vulnerability. Instead of living a life, each one struggles to cope with the predicament human life has been thrown into.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"175 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47400087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160433
S. Yergaliyeva, N. Melnik, Á. Ánesova, M. Uaikhanova, K. Yergaliyev
This study aims to determine the parameters of the personand text-related generation of Russian and Kazakh online political commentaries and reconstruct the virtual linguistic personality. When studying online commentaries, linguistic descriptions, comparative analyses, elements of linguopersonological and derivatological text analysis, and quantitative data processing methods were used. Taking the criteria of the secondary text content, form, and function as a basis for the classification, we identified the text generation parameters within the subjective and objective strategies of textual activity. Subjectivity is manifested through associativity, emotionality, second-guessing, and indicators of objectivity revealed through the keywords and reiteration of content and form. A comparison of Russian and Kazakh commentaries to their source articles made it possible to identify the types of compatibility of tactics in the speech activity of a virtual commenter. As a result, the set of implemented strategies and tactics served as a basis for rhetoric.
{"title":"Linguistic Analysis of Kazakh and Russian Online Political Commenting Tactics","authors":"S. Yergaliyeva, N. Melnik, Á. Ánesova, M. Uaikhanova, K. Yergaliyev","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160433","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the parameters of the personand text-related generation of Russian and Kazakh online political commentaries and reconstruct the virtual linguistic personality. When studying online commentaries, linguistic descriptions, comparative analyses, elements of linguopersonological and derivatological text analysis, and quantitative data processing methods were used. Taking the criteria of the secondary text content, form, and function as a basis for the classification, we identified the text generation parameters within the subjective and objective strategies of textual activity. Subjectivity is manifested through associativity, emotionality, second-guessing, and indicators of objectivity revealed through the keywords and reiteration of content and form. A comparison of Russian and Kazakh commentaries to their source articles made it possible to identify the types of compatibility of tactics in the speech activity of a virtual commenter. As a result, the set of implemented strategies and tactics served as a basis for rhetoric.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"288 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47112961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160146
Gregory Gondwe, E. Some
This study replicates existing research on crowdcoding, and content analysis approaches to test the validity and reliability of content analysis methods in the African setting. We use data from the 2020 Tanzanian presidential elections as a case study. Instead of MTurk for crowdsourcing, the study utilized WhatsApp groups and university students from Tanzania to code the data. Using a collected and controlled sample of 400 tweets to represent Tanzania’s ruling and opposition parties, respectively, our overall findings suggested that crowdcoding produced more reliable data than qualitative content analysis (QCA). However, further analysis suggests that although Crowdcoding recorded higher agreement on validity scores, trained coders seemed to provide more reliability accuracy scores. Besides, data indicates that the traditional training of the coders was statistically insignificant in providing accurate validity and reliability scores for QCA.
{"title":"Testing ‘Crowdcoding’ Methods in Sub-Saharan African Settings: Using the 2020 Tanzanian Elections to Test its Validity and Reliability","authors":"Gregory Gondwe, E. Some","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160146","url":null,"abstract":"This study replicates existing research on crowdcoding, and content analysis approaches to test the validity and reliability of content analysis methods in the African setting. We use data from the 2020 Tanzanian presidential elections as a case study. Instead of MTurk for crowdsourcing, the study utilized WhatsApp groups and university students from Tanzania to code the data. Using a collected and controlled sample of 400 tweets to represent Tanzania’s ruling and opposition parties, respectively, our overall findings suggested that crowdcoding produced more reliable data than qualitative content analysis (QCA). However, further analysis suggests that although Crowdcoding recorded higher agreement on validity scores, trained coders seemed to provide more reliability accuracy scores. Besides, data indicates that the traditional training of the coders was statistically insignificant in providing accurate validity and reliability scores for QCA.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"197 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49667427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160148
N. Sharma
Issues of women’s emancipation dominated the social reform movements in the early nineteenth century colonial Bengal (India). Influenced by the European renaissance, elite Bengali men (Bhadralok) argued that unless the condition of women improves, society cannot attain modernity. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, reforms shifted from women’s issues to nationalism and anti-colonialism discourse. Reformers talked little about moderniz ing women but redefined the role of women as custodians of Indian traditions that seemed threatened under British rule. Women began to be equated with traditions, and men’s role was to ‘modernize’ and negotiate with the colonial structure. This paper examines women’s role in colonial Bengal by using a feminist approach to interpreting films from a historical perspective. This paper analyzes the portrayal of women in three films directed by Satyajit Ray (known as The Apu Trilogy) from 1955 to 1959. It examines the cinematic depiction of women within the context of anti-colonial discourse prevailing in the late 19th and 20th century Bengal. The focus is also on the auteur’s personal experience and interpretations. Critical analysis of these films reveals that Bengal’s renaissance, spearheaded by upper-class men, was patriarchal, and women lagged in this journey towards
{"title":"Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy: Understanding Patriarchal Modernity and Women's Role in Colonial Bengal","authors":"N. Sharma","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160148","url":null,"abstract":"Issues of women’s emancipation dominated the social reform movements in the early nineteenth century colonial Bengal (India). Influenced by the European renaissance, elite Bengali men (Bhadralok) argued that unless the condition of women improves, society cannot attain modernity. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, reforms shifted from women’s issues to nationalism and anti-colonialism discourse. Reformers talked little about moderniz ing women but redefined the role of women as custodians of Indian traditions that seemed threatened under British rule. Women began to be equated with traditions, and men’s role was to ‘modernize’ and negotiate with the colonial structure. This paper examines women’s role in colonial Bengal by using a feminist approach to interpreting films from a historical perspective. This paper analyzes the portrayal of women in three films directed by Satyajit Ray (known as The Apu Trilogy) from 1955 to 1959. It examines the cinematic depiction of women within the context of anti-colonial discourse prevailing in the late 19th and 20th century Bengal. The focus is also on the auteur’s personal experience and interpretations. Critical analysis of these films reveals that Bengal’s renaissance, spearheaded by upper-class men, was patriarchal, and women lagged in this journey towards","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"227 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43646267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160152
O. V. Tretyakova
Today’s Internet is the most robust modifier in social and economic relations. The opportunities that companies find dramatically changed communication ways and mechanisms. E-commerce development also influences trade because of more intensive competition, which is more often in digital form. Internet advertising plays a special part in this process. The influence of Internet advertising is multidimensional. In the research, we test certain assumptions that will provide us with a clearer idea of consistent relations between Internet advertising and companies’ performance. As illustrated by the sample of Russian companies, we analyse advertising as a sector and identify mainstream trends. In the research, we applied methods of statistical, comparative, and correlationregression analyses to test hypotheses. Findings make it possible for us to conclude that companies’ revenue growth rates do not depend on growth rates of Internet advertising budgets and proportions of Internet advertising to overall advertising budgets. Revenue growth rates for most companies under examination almost do not depend on growth rates of Internet advertising. There is a weak correlation between Internet advertising dynamics and return on sales (ROS). Having applied the multiple regression model, we proved that companies’ revenue is not always highly dependent on usages of Internet advertising. This study has identified the adjacent effect in terms of website visibility. The study has confirmed that the hypothesis on the relationship between companies’ website traffic and growth in Internet advertising budgets. The patterns highlighted might be helpful in the development of corporate Internet marketing.
{"title":"Internet Advertising Redefines the Performance of Companies","authors":"O. V. Tretyakova","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160152","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s Internet is the most robust modifier in social and economic relations. The opportunities that companies find dramatically changed communication ways and mechanisms. E-commerce development also influences trade because of more intensive competition, which is more often in digital form. Internet advertising plays a special part in this process. The influence of Internet advertising is multidimensional. In the research, we test certain assumptions that will provide us with a clearer idea of consistent relations between Internet advertising and companies’ performance. As illustrated by the sample of Russian companies, we analyse advertising as a sector and identify mainstream trends. In the research, we applied methods of statistical, comparative, and correlationregression analyses to test hypotheses. Findings make it possible for us to conclude that companies’ revenue growth rates do not depend on growth rates of Internet advertising budgets and proportions of Internet advertising to overall advertising budgets. Revenue growth rates for most companies under examination almost do not depend on growth rates of Internet advertising. There is a weak correlation between Internet advertising dynamics and return on sales (ROS). Having applied the multiple regression model, we proved that companies’ revenue is not always highly dependent on usages of Internet advertising. This study has identified the adjacent effect in terms of website visibility. The study has confirmed that the hypothesis on the relationship between companies’ website traffic and growth in Internet advertising budgets. The patterns highlighted might be helpful in the development of corporate Internet marketing.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"276 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160145
L. Kenix, Jovita Manickam
Many within mainstream news media wondered aloud and in print how to cover President Trump who, they purported, frequently distorted the truth. Although President Trump is no longer in office, this research remains vitally important for understanding how the press covers the office of the Presidency when the veracity of information is in question. During President Trump’s tenure, the ‘truth sandwich,’ was suggested as a technique, whereby a fact is first stated in a news article, then a quote of the false assertion, followed by the fact again. This research aimed to explore the presence of the truth sandwich in an ideological range of news content. These findings have implications for the future coverage of Presidencies in the United States, and for governments in other countries, where the veracity of information is questionable.
{"title":"A Missed Opportunity? President Trump, the Truth Sandwich, and News Coverage Across an Ideological Spectrum","authors":"L. Kenix, Jovita Manickam","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160145","url":null,"abstract":"Many within mainstream news media wondered aloud and in print how to cover President Trump who, they purported, frequently distorted the truth. Although President Trump is no longer in office, this research remains vitally important for understanding how the press covers the office of the Presidency when the veracity of information is in question. During President Trump’s tenure, the ‘truth sandwich,’ was suggested as a technique, whereby a fact is first stated in a news article, then a quote of the false assertion, followed by the fact again. This research aimed to explore the presence of the truth sandwich in an ideological range of news content. These findings have implications for the future coverage of Presidencies in the United States, and for governments in other countries, where the veracity of information is questionable.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"177 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48650137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160147
Ayesha Binte Ashfaq, Joseph Russomanno
Political cartooning is an influential medium that can be a significant indicator of the democratic health of a country. However, understanding the factors influencing and restraining political cartoonists has been neglected within political communication scholarship across the world for decades. Cartoonists globally cherish the level of freedom possessed by their American counterparts. Cartoonists in Pakistan are among those. Based on this assumption, this article investigates the factors that influence political cartoonists, including any filters through which their drawings pass before publication. Therefore, in-depth interviews of political cartoonists from Pakistan and the United States have been conducted under the umbrella of a model suggested by Gamson and Modgiliani (1989). This study compares cartooning in the ostensibly free environment in the United States and the visibly restricted atmosphere in Pakistan to see how the dynamics of free speech in political cartooning are changing. While the study reveals some largely predictable differences between Pakistan and the United States, there are some remarkable similarities.
{"title":"Protecting ‘Sacred Cows’: A Comparative Study of the Factors Influencing Political Cartoonists","authors":"Ayesha Binte Ashfaq, Joseph Russomanno","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160147","url":null,"abstract":"Political cartooning is an influential medium that can be a significant indicator of the democratic health of a country. However, understanding the factors influencing and restraining political cartoonists has been neglected within political communication scholarship across the world for decades. Cartoonists globally cherish the level of freedom possessed by their American counterparts. Cartoonists in Pakistan are among those. Based on this assumption, this article investigates the factors that influence political cartoonists, including any filters through which their drawings pass before publication. Therefore, in-depth interviews of political cartoonists from Pakistan and the United States have been conducted under the umbrella of a model suggested by Gamson and Modgiliani (1989). This study compares cartooning in the ostensibly free environment in the United States and the visibly restricted atmosphere in Pakistan to see how the dynamics of free speech in political cartooning are changing. While the study reveals some largely predictable differences between Pakistan and the United States, there are some remarkable similarities.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"208 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49091902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/MW/2021/V12I2/160151
V. Grebennikova, N. Nikitina, Z. Gardanova, Katerina Komarova
{"title":"Students’ Perception of E-Learning based on Media Resources in the conditions of COVID-19","authors":"V. Grebennikova, N. Nikitina, Z. Gardanova, Katerina Komarova","doi":"10.15655/MW/2021/V12I2/160151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/MW/2021/V12I2/160151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46298150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160156
Ese Steven Umukoro, J. Ogwezi
Academic publishing is exciting and enjoyable, especially in the 21 st century. However, this possibility may not be the case with communication academics of public/government universities in southern Nigeria (South-South). This gap necessitates the current study, which evaluated the perceived limitations to academic publishing in the 21 st century among government universities’ communication academics in southern Nigeria. Anchoring on Motivation theory and adopting the survey design, data from 44 respondents were collected. Measures of central tendency were used to analyse the collected data. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was applied to test the hypotheses. The study found that the perceived limitations to academic publishing among communication academics do not differ significantly across the categories of public universities. The study recommended that management of public universities offering mass communication and related courses should provide research infrastructures and Internet connectivity across and within campuses.
{"title":"Evaluating the Limitations to Academic Publishing in the 21st Century: Perception of Communication Academics of Public Universities in South-South Nigeria","authors":"Ese Steven Umukoro, J. Ogwezi","doi":"10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15655/mw_2021_v12i2_160156","url":null,"abstract":"Academic publishing is exciting and enjoyable, especially in the 21 st century. However, this possibility may not be the case with communication academics of public/government universities in southern Nigeria (South-South). This gap necessitates the current study, which evaluated the perceived limitations to academic publishing in the 21 st century among government universities’ communication academics in southern Nigeria. Anchoring on Motivation theory and adopting the survey design, data from 44 respondents were collected. Measures of central tendency were used to analyse the collected data. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was applied to test the hypotheses. The study found that the perceived limitations to academic publishing among communication academics do not differ significantly across the categories of public universities. The study recommended that management of public universities offering mass communication and related courses should provide research infrastructures and Internet connectivity across and within campuses.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"12 1","pages":"352 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47247878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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