Pub Date : 2024-06-09DOI: 10.1177/09760911241256556
Mehedy Hassan Razib, Farzana Tasnim Pinky, M. H. Banna, M. Muktadir, Anirudha Biswas
Journalism has emerged as a crucial avenue for creating awareness of the increasing importance of addressing environmental risks that transcend national boundaries. This study examines the Guardian newspaper’s coverage of environmental issues in Bangladesh, a country profoundly affected by climate change and natural disasters. Through analysing 345 news articles from 2011 to 2021, this research employs topic modelling to explore the international framing of climate concerns. The findings reveal thematic framing across various topics, including occupational environment, health and safety in the ready-made garment (RMG) industry, flooding along transboundary rivers, and Bangladesh’s stance on the Paris Agreement and its approach to climate change. The Guardian emphasises ethical and sustainable practices in the fashion industry. It sheds light on the impact of flooding on vulnerable communities and discusses Bangladesh’s energy policies in the context of global climate goals. Nevertheless, the study also highlights some limitations, such as the absence of comprehensive coverage of Bangladesh’s diplomatic efforts at global climate forums and a lack of emphasis on developed nations’ responsibility.
{"title":"Framing Environmental Issues of Bangladesh in International Media: A Topic Modelling Analysis on the Guardian Newspaper","authors":"Mehedy Hassan Razib, Farzana Tasnim Pinky, M. H. Banna, M. Muktadir, Anirudha Biswas","doi":"10.1177/09760911241256556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911241256556","url":null,"abstract":"Journalism has emerged as a crucial avenue for creating awareness of the increasing importance of addressing environmental risks that transcend national boundaries. This study examines the Guardian newspaper’s coverage of environmental issues in Bangladesh, a country profoundly affected by climate change and natural disasters. Through analysing 345 news articles from 2011 to 2021, this research employs topic modelling to explore the international framing of climate concerns. The findings reveal thematic framing across various topics, including occupational environment, health and safety in the ready-made garment (RMG) industry, flooding along transboundary rivers, and Bangladesh’s stance on the Paris Agreement and its approach to climate change. The Guardian emphasises ethical and sustainable practices in the fashion industry. It sheds light on the impact of flooding on vulnerable communities and discusses Bangladesh’s energy policies in the context of global climate goals. Nevertheless, the study also highlights some limitations, such as the absence of comprehensive coverage of Bangladesh’s diplomatic efforts at global climate forums and a lack of emphasis on developed nations’ responsibility.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":" 0","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1177/09760911241251459
Noha Mellor
The comparative study of cultural policies in the Arab region remains a relatively underexplored domain, particularly in how these policies influence nation branding and nation-building efforts. This exploratory study seeks to contribute to this nascent field by adopting a comparative lens to examine the cultural policies of three Arab nations: the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Through a document analysis of key policies from these countries, this research unveils the intricate ways cultural strategies are employed to articulate and disseminate national, ethical and political ideologies. The article articulates how each country’s approach to cultural policy—commodification in the UAE, securitisation in Egypt and religionisation in Saudi Arabia—reflects and is shaped by unique local, regional and global power dynamics. By contextualising these policies within broader frameworks of market forces, security concerns and religious influences, the study offers insights into the complex interplay between cultural policymaking and nation branding in the Arab world.
{"title":"Cultural Branding in the Arab Region","authors":"Noha Mellor","doi":"10.1177/09760911241251459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911241251459","url":null,"abstract":"The comparative study of cultural policies in the Arab region remains a relatively underexplored domain, particularly in how these policies influence nation branding and nation-building efforts. This exploratory study seeks to contribute to this nascent field by adopting a comparative lens to examine the cultural policies of three Arab nations: the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Through a document analysis of key policies from these countries, this research unveils the intricate ways cultural strategies are employed to articulate and disseminate national, ethical and political ideologies. The article articulates how each country’s approach to cultural policy—commodification in the UAE, securitisation in Egypt and religionisation in Saudi Arabia—reflects and is shaped by unique local, regional and global power dynamics. By contextualising these policies within broader frameworks of market forces, security concerns and religious influences, the study offers insights into the complex interplay between cultural policymaking and nation branding in the Arab world.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"221 S714","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1177/09760911241230708
U. Ajetunmobi, Akinkunmi Ibrahim Oseni, A. Onifade, Teslim Abiodun Adegboyega
Nigerians have, over the years, lived with mutual distrust, often escalated by ethnoreligious sentiments and sectional profiling. Government policies, for example, are at times seen through the lens of the ethnic background or sectional affiliation of the president at any given time. This study examined the kinds of frames Nigerian X (formerly Twitter) users adopted during the #SayNoToRUGA movement on X. It also investigated how the digital movement predicted the polarisation of Nigerians across ethnic and sectional divides. Through a summative content analysis of 145 purposively selected tweets of #SayNoToRUGA and propositions of framing theory, the study found four dominant frames: toxic discourse, ethnic profiling, call to social action and misinformation. Findings also revealed that toxic discourse comprised more abusive tweets alongside tweets that unjustifiably accused the Fulani tribe and constructed identities for it and its people. Fear of domination and expansion of the tribe also fuelled the level of toxic discourse on #SayNoToRUGA. The findings also predicted a significant polarisation of Nigerian X users on the digital movement across ethnic and sectional divides. Therefore, it recommends that relevant government agencies [e.g., National Orientation Agency (NOA), communication and culture ministry] host regular cultural and ethnoreligious literacy skills on X Spaces. Through Spaces, they can also consult Nigerians, with each region making its inputs on sensitive national policies such as Rural Grazing Area (RUGA).
多年来，尼日利亚人一直生活在互不信任之中，而民族宗教情绪和部门偏见往往加剧了这种不信任。例如，政府政策有时会从总统的种族背景或部门归属的角度来看待。本研究探讨了尼日利亚 X（前 Twitter）用户在 X 上发起 #SayNoToRUGA 运动期间所采用的框架类型，还研究了这场数字运动如何预测尼日利亚人在种族和派别方面的两极分化。通过对有目的地选取的 145 条 #SayNoToRUGA 推文进行总结性内容分析和框架理论命题，研究发现了四种主导框架：有毒言论、种族貌相、呼吁社会行动和错误信息。研究结果还显示，有毒言论包括更多的辱骂性推文，以及无端指责富拉尼部落并为其及其人民构建身份的推文。对部落统治和扩张的恐惧也助长了 #SayNoToRUGA 上的有毒言论。研究结果还预测，尼日利亚 X 用户在数字运动中出现了严重的种族和部门两极分化。因此，研究建议相关政府机构（如国家指导机构（NOA）、通信和文化部）定期在 X 空间上举办文化和民族宗教扫盲活动。通过 "空间"，他们还可以征求尼日利亚人的意见，让每个地区就农村放牧区（RUGA）等敏感的国家政策提出自己的看法。
{"title":"Fear of Expansion and Domination: Toxic and Ethnic Frames Amidst Call to #SayNoToRUGA on Nigerian Twittersphere","authors":"U. Ajetunmobi, Akinkunmi Ibrahim Oseni, A. Onifade, Teslim Abiodun Adegboyega","doi":"10.1177/09760911241230708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911241230708","url":null,"abstract":"Nigerians have, over the years, lived with mutual distrust, often escalated by ethnoreligious sentiments and sectional profiling. Government policies, for example, are at times seen through the lens of the ethnic background or sectional affiliation of the president at any given time. This study examined the kinds of frames Nigerian X (formerly Twitter) users adopted during the #SayNoToRUGA movement on X. It also investigated how the digital movement predicted the polarisation of Nigerians across ethnic and sectional divides. Through a summative content analysis of 145 purposively selected tweets of #SayNoToRUGA and propositions of framing theory, the study found four dominant frames: toxic discourse, ethnic profiling, call to social action and misinformation. Findings also revealed that toxic discourse comprised more abusive tweets alongside tweets that unjustifiably accused the Fulani tribe and constructed identities for it and its people. Fear of domination and expansion of the tribe also fuelled the level of toxic discourse on #SayNoToRUGA. The findings also predicted a significant polarisation of Nigerian X users on the digital movement across ethnic and sectional divides. Therefore, it recommends that relevant government agencies [e.g., National Orientation Agency (NOA), communication and culture ministry] host regular cultural and ethnoreligious literacy skills on X Spaces. Through Spaces, they can also consult Nigerians, with each region making its inputs on sensitive national policies such as Rural Grazing Area (RUGA).","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1177/09760911241238376
Theodora A. Maniou, Lambrini Papadopoulou
Based on a qualitative analysis of news posts on traditional media Facebook pages, this work seeks to explore the way(s) in which established news organisations in the United Kingdom use their social media accounts in times of extreme crisis. Specifically, we seek to assess what (other) types of news are publicised through social media beyond those related to the crisis itself. Findings show that well-respected international news organisations choose to post news items that aim to (a) distract from a bleak reality, (b) suggest ways to cope with new challenges and (c) create a community to alleviate the sense of loneliness. We argue that social media posts about the ‘rest of the news’ in times of crisis do much more than emphasise the ‘softer’ aspects of the crisis; they attempt to deliver another kind of message that there are ways to cope with adversity and that, eventually, things will work out.
{"title":"Is it Time to ‘Send in the Clowns’? What Happens to the ‘Rest of the News’ in Social Media during Extreme Crises","authors":"Theodora A. Maniou, Lambrini Papadopoulou","doi":"10.1177/09760911241238376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911241238376","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a qualitative analysis of news posts on traditional media Facebook pages, this work seeks to explore the way(s) in which established news organisations in the United Kingdom use their social media accounts in times of extreme crisis. Specifically, we seek to assess what (other) types of news are publicised through social media beyond those related to the crisis itself. Findings show that well-respected international news organisations choose to post news items that aim to (a) distract from a bleak reality, (b) suggest ways to cope with new challenges and (c) create a community to alleviate the sense of loneliness. We argue that social media posts about the ‘rest of the news’ in times of crisis do much more than emphasise the ‘softer’ aspects of the crisis; they attempt to deliver another kind of message that there are ways to cope with adversity and that, eventually, things will work out.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"50 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1177/09760911241235356
Davoud Monfared, T. N. Joorabchi
Due to the escalating popularity of video games, the industry’s annual income rose to $197 billion in 2022. To promote video games, it is imperative to possess adequate insights into the attitudes and emotions of adolescent gamers. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing video game engagement in Iran by utilising quantitative data obtained from 205 students participating in video gaming activities in Mashhad. The results proved that playing online and offline games at home, hand in hand with the participants’ interest in play, has a positive impact on the gamers’ attitudes towards playing games. Moreover, no relationship was found between prior game experience, playing games (team/individual—online/offline) patterns and attitudes towards playing games.
{"title":"An Investigation of Factors Influencing Attitudes Towards Online and Offline Games with the Moderator Effects of Gender in Iran","authors":"Davoud Monfared, T. N. Joorabchi","doi":"10.1177/09760911241235356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911241235356","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the escalating popularity of video games, the industry’s annual income rose to $197 billion in 2022. To promote video games, it is imperative to possess adequate insights into the attitudes and emotions of adolescent gamers. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing video game engagement in Iran by utilising quantitative data obtained from 205 students participating in video gaming activities in Mashhad. The results proved that playing online and offline games at home, hand in hand with the participants’ interest in play, has a positive impact on the gamers’ attitudes towards playing games. Moreover, no relationship was found between prior game experience, playing games (team/individual—online/offline) patterns and attitudes towards playing games.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"56 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-25DOI: 10.1177/09760911241230705
Sabyasachi Bhattacharjee
This study advances the acquaintance of the spiral of silence theory by evaluating the impact of new media on virtual behaviour motivation. It explores rural women’s willingness to express opinions on awkward issues like unwanted pregnancies and abortion in online and offline settings. It examines how the ideology submitted by the spiral of silence theory works in each location. Results of a survey among 198 samples suggest a possible correlation between speaking out online and the chance of expressing themselves in an authentic offline setting, and vice versa. Findings imply that a multivariate study will produce better regression outcomes to address further loopholes. Despite correlating, it has been found that extraneous variables entwined with social factors are causing disruptive results, which can be traced while thematically analysing the values. This investigation also establishes that fair knowledge sharing can result in managing health disasters for rural women. Indeed, conditional factors creating compulsions, such as family and societal pressure, should be managed and controlled during group interaction, or else it constructs the climate for the spiral of silence.
{"title":"Recognising the Virtual and Real Causality of ‘Spiral-of-Silence’: Mapping the Silence in Echoes of Women Healthcare for Rural Bengal in India","authors":"Sabyasachi Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1177/09760911241230705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911241230705","url":null,"abstract":"This study advances the acquaintance of the spiral of silence theory by evaluating the impact of new media on virtual behaviour motivation. It explores rural women’s willingness to express opinions on awkward issues like unwanted pregnancies and abortion in online and offline settings. It examines how the ideology submitted by the spiral of silence theory works in each location. Results of a survey among 198 samples suggest a possible correlation between speaking out online and the chance of expressing themselves in an authentic offline setting, and vice versa. Findings imply that a multivariate study will produce better regression outcomes to address further loopholes. Despite correlating, it has been found that extraneous variables entwined with social factors are causing disruptive results, which can be traced while thematically analysing the values. This investigation also establishes that fair knowledge sharing can result in managing health disasters for rural women. Indeed, conditional factors creating compulsions, such as family and societal pressure, should be managed and controlled during group interaction, or else it constructs the climate for the spiral of silence.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/09760911231215642
Mufutau Muyiwa
Fragile states are conditioned by the politics of interests, which oscillates between social, ethnic, factional, political and economic agitations. The politics of interest impairs shared identity and creates a tense coexistence between already fragmented communities. Ethiopia presents an example of the erosion of democratic norms despite the constitutionally imposed politics of ethnically and regionally based societies. Fragile states defy theoretical wisdom, as the media and elections might, in certain circumstances, produce negative results by creating a fractured society rather than resolving the legitimacy crisis. This article analysed academic literature and reflected on theories of the media in democracy to deconstruct the role of the legacy and new media in radical polarisation and nation-building in Ethiopia. Furthermore, illustrations were drawn from incidents and developments to clarify conditions that can help the mass media refrain from actions that deliberately or inadvertently impede socio-economic growth and worsen political conditions in fragile democracies. This article asserts that without context adaptation, the liberal norms of media autonomy and political inclusion might be incompatible with other forms of democracy beyond affluent democracies. It concludes by proposing theoretical visions of a ‘democratic mirror’, ‘vigilantism and fraternisation’ and the ‘therapeutic’ function of the media in fragile democracies.
{"title":"Fragile Democracy: Media Freedom and Radical Polarisation in Ethiopia","authors":"Mufutau Muyiwa","doi":"10.1177/09760911231215642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911231215642","url":null,"abstract":"Fragile states are conditioned by the politics of interests, which oscillates between social, ethnic, factional, political and economic agitations. The politics of interest impairs shared identity and creates a tense coexistence between already fragmented communities. Ethiopia presents an example of the erosion of democratic norms despite the constitutionally imposed politics of ethnically and regionally based societies. Fragile states defy theoretical wisdom, as the media and elections might, in certain circumstances, produce negative results by creating a fractured society rather than resolving the legitimacy crisis. This article analysed academic literature and reflected on theories of the media in democracy to deconstruct the role of the legacy and new media in radical polarisation and nation-building in Ethiopia. Furthermore, illustrations were drawn from incidents and developments to clarify conditions that can help the mass media refrain from actions that deliberately or inadvertently impede socio-economic growth and worsen political conditions in fragile democracies. This article asserts that without context adaptation, the liberal norms of media autonomy and political inclusion might be incompatible with other forms of democracy beyond affluent democracies. It concludes by proposing theoretical visions of a ‘democratic mirror’, ‘vigilantism and fraternisation’ and the ‘therapeutic’ function of the media in fragile democracies.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"69 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/09760911231215171
Arjun Chatterjee
The India–China border clash in Galwan Valley in June 2020, the first deadly skirmish between the two Asian giants in the Himalayan border area in over four decades, highlighted the need to examine the notion of ‘authenticity’ in journalistic practices. Information from such remotely located, sparsely populated and not well-demarcated international land borders has limited sources, restricted to official sources with their narrative. Geopolitical goals and ambitions embolden narratives of nationalism in the media, and these often challenge the notion and understanding of authenticity in journalism. The Indian press, contrary to the state-owned Chinese press, is diverse and confrontational, where narratives of nationalism are differentially interpreted, embedded and realised. This article examines how authenticity has become a variable, rather than a constant, in conflict reporting of the Sino-Indian border clash and how authenticity is interpreted similarly or differently in conflict journalism. The article reports qualitative textual analysis of two leading English-language newspapers: The Times of India and The Hindu and two mainstream regional-language newspapers: Amar Ujala (Hindi) and Anandabazar Patrika (Bengali), to evaluate how representations of information function in conflict reporting and recontextualise (and thus change or modify the meaning of) that which they represent, and with what political and cultural implications.
{"title":"Authenticity During Conflict Reporting: The China–India Border Clash in the Indian Press","authors":"Arjun Chatterjee","doi":"10.1177/09760911231215171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911231215171","url":null,"abstract":"The India–China border clash in Galwan Valley in June 2020, the first deadly skirmish between the two Asian giants in the Himalayan border area in over four decades, highlighted the need to examine the notion of ‘authenticity’ in journalistic practices. Information from such remotely located, sparsely populated and not well-demarcated international land borders has limited sources, restricted to official sources with their narrative. Geopolitical goals and ambitions embolden narratives of nationalism in the media, and these often challenge the notion and understanding of authenticity in journalism. The Indian press, contrary to the state-owned Chinese press, is diverse and confrontational, where narratives of nationalism are differentially interpreted, embedded and realised. This article examines how authenticity has become a variable, rather than a constant, in conflict reporting of the Sino-Indian border clash and how authenticity is interpreted similarly or differently in conflict journalism. The article reports qualitative textual analysis of two leading English-language newspapers: The Times of India and The Hindu and two mainstream regional-language newspapers: Amar Ujala (Hindi) and Anandabazar Patrika (Bengali), to evaluate how representations of information function in conflict reporting and recontextualise (and thus change or modify the meaning of) that which they represent, and with what political and cultural implications.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09760911231179002
Mark Goodman
Most of the vital legal precedents in US law for the First Amendment were written when free speech meant talking to a crowd of people, publishing a newspaper, and, after 1927, operating a radio station. Congress has passed no laws regulating the Internet since 1996, before social media, text messaging, and the growth of global economics. Free speech now means protections sometimes for fake news, scams, hate speech, and invasions of privacy. In conclusion, are some suggestions for updating the First Amendment.
{"title":"Does the First Amendment Protect Free Speech or Threats and Scams?","authors":"Mark Goodman","doi":"10.1177/09760911231179002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911231179002","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the vital legal precedents in US law for the First Amendment were written when free speech meant talking to a crowd of people, publishing a newspaper, and, after 1927, operating a radio station. Congress has passed no laws regulating the Internet since 1996, before social media, text messaging, and the growth of global economics. Free speech now means protections sometimes for fake news, scams, hate speech, and invasions of privacy. In conclusion, are some suggestions for updating the First Amendment.","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"14 1","pages":"403 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09760911231196634
Priyanka Tripathi
{"title":"Representation of Emerging Female Leads in Indian Media-Texts","authors":"Priyanka Tripathi","doi":"10.1177/09760911231196634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09760911231196634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52105,"journal":{"name":"Media Watch","volume":"14 1","pages":"275 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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