Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.253
Mansoo Kim, Mingzhu Cui, Suji Choi, Ahyoung Jeong, Soyeon Kim, Sangwon Lee
Background Recently, large and small emergencies are constantly occurring around the world. In particular, the risk and importance of emergency situations at an individual level are increasing due to the increase in chronic diseases from an aging population, excessive stress due to overwork, and overcrowding of urban populations. Existing individual emergency research lacks consideration of psychological factors and has limitations in that empirical research has not been sufficiently conducted. Based on empirical research, this study proposes a behavioral change induction design that considers the decision-making process and psychological factors from the perspective of the victim's surroundings, considering the characteristics of individual emergencies. Methods Through previous studies, we examined the disaster situation (emergency) and decision-making process that are the background of this study, and analyzed the reasonable decision-making obstacles that occurred in this process. Then, after selecting a behavioral change induction model to overcome the derived cause, an intervention design using the model was proposed. Experiments were conducted by group using the proposed design and quantitative and qualitative result analysis were verified for design effectiveness. Results In the event of an emergency, it was confirmed that factors that interfere with rational decision-making and behavioral changes due to negative psychological factors occurred in the victim's neighbors. The two designs proposed in this study (design to overcome cognitive bias and design to transfer expertise information) were effectively applied in the situation to induce behavioral changes. Conclusions Considering the characteristics of emergency situations, the study is significant in that it presents a design guide that can induce rational decision-making and behavioral changes from the perspective of the victim's surroundings. It is expected that emergency situations that may occur in daily life can be efficiently overcome through the use and application of the design proposed as a result of the study.
{"title":"Design Research for Rational Decision Making and Behavior Change in Emergency Situations","authors":"Mansoo Kim, Mingzhu Cui, Suji Choi, Ahyoung Jeong, Soyeon Kim, Sangwon Lee","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.253","url":null,"abstract":"Background Recently, large and small emergencies are constantly occurring around the world. In particular, the risk and importance of emergency situations at an individual level are increasing due to the increase in chronic diseases from an aging population, excessive stress due to overwork, and overcrowding of urban populations. Existing individual emergency research lacks consideration of psychological factors and has limitations in that empirical research has not been sufficiently conducted. Based on empirical research, this study proposes a behavioral change induction design that considers the decision-making process and psychological factors from the perspective of the victim's surroundings, considering the characteristics of individual emergencies. Methods Through previous studies, we examined the disaster situation (emergency) and decision-making process that are the background of this study, and analyzed the reasonable decision-making obstacles that occurred in this process. Then, after selecting a behavioral change induction model to overcome the derived cause, an intervention design using the model was proposed. Experiments were conducted by group using the proposed design and quantitative and qualitative result analysis were verified for design effectiveness. Results In the event of an emergency, it was confirmed that factors that interfere with rational decision-making and behavioral changes due to negative psychological factors occurred in the victim's neighbors. The two designs proposed in this study (design to overcome cognitive bias and design to transfer expertise information) were effectively applied in the situation to induce behavioral changes. Conclusions Considering the characteristics of emergency situations, the study is significant in that it presents a design guide that can induce rational decision-making and behavioral changes from the perspective of the victim's surroundings. It is expected that emergency situations that may occur in daily life can be efficiently overcome through the use and application of the design proposed as a result of the study.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46557710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.273
JeongHyun Kim, Eunryung Hyun
Background In recent times, there have been frequent cases of insincere respondents as the survey environment changed from the previous printing basis. Insincere responses, which create errors and missing values, tarnish the meaning of the survey as a data collection tool. This study aims to discover the cause of such insincere responses through a pilot research. In order to solve the problem, the study applied color, — a cognitive information design element —, in designing the survey and analyzed its effectiveness in terms of survey recognition, response time, and response accuracy. Methods A pilot study was conducted through structural in-depth interviews in respect to qualitative research to discover the cause of insincere responses. A new survey tool was designed with cognitive information design elements based on the earlier theories. Lastly, 90 men and women over the age of 19 who were divided into control and experimental groups between October and December 2022. The survey was composed of 13 questions. Afterwards, We used SPSS 21.0 to compare the groups’ answers to verify the effectiveness of applying color in designing the survey. Results According to the results of difference checks and crossover analysis, the experimental group’s t value at –2.180** was higher in the cognitive section’s question ① (definition of data visualization). Also, in the response time section’s question ⑤ (length of time spent on checking the question), the experimental group’s value of 1.950 was shorter than that of the control group. For the response accuracy section’s question ⑦ (confirming the visual checklist required by the questionnaire), the experimental group showed 20 percent higher accuracy than the control group. In the case of question ⑧ (checking how to properly write down one’s answer in accordance with the questionnaire), the experimental group demonstrated 15.5 percent higher answer rate than the control group.
{"title":"The Impact of Color of the Instructions and Questions on the Respondents’ ‘Survey Recognition, Response Time, and Response Accuracy’ in Designing a Survey","authors":"JeongHyun Kim, Eunryung Hyun","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.273","url":null,"abstract":"Background In recent times, there have been frequent cases of insincere respondents as the survey environment changed from the previous printing basis. Insincere responses, which create errors and missing values, tarnish the meaning of the survey as a data collection tool. This study aims to discover the cause of such insincere responses through a pilot research. In order to solve the problem, the study applied color, — a cognitive information design element —, in designing the survey and analyzed its effectiveness in terms of survey recognition, response time, and response accuracy. Methods A pilot study was conducted through structural in-depth interviews in respect to qualitative research to discover the cause of insincere responses. A new survey tool was designed with cognitive information design elements based on the earlier theories. Lastly, 90 men and women over the age of 19 who were divided into control and experimental groups between October and December 2022. The survey was composed of 13 questions. Afterwards, We used SPSS 21.0 to compare the groups’ answers to verify the effectiveness of applying color in designing the survey. Results According to the results of difference checks and crossover analysis, the experimental group’s t value at –2.180** was higher in the cognitive section’s question ① (definition of data visualization). Also, in the response time section’s question ⑤ (length of time spent on checking the question), the experimental group’s value of 1.950 was shorter than that of the control group. For the response accuracy section’s question ⑦ (confirming the visual checklist required by the questionnaire), the experimental group showed 20 percent higher accuracy than the control group. In the case of question ⑧ (checking how to properly write down one’s answer in accordance with the questionnaire), the experimental group demonstrated 15.5 percent higher answer rate than the control group.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48264709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.237
MinYoung Baek, Eunryung Hyun
Background Generation MZ in relation to demographic factors such as generation, gender, purchasing power, and education level. The results of the study provide valuable data for designing color marketing strategies that cater specifically to Generation M and Generation Z. Methods A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was completed by 107 individuals born between the years 1981 and 2005. The data was collected from October 24 to November 4, 2022. The study utilized the 15 basic colors of the Korean Industrial Standards “ KS A 0011 ” scale as the reference for color preference. Data analysis was performed through frequency analysis and an independent sample t-test using SPSS 26.0. Results The results indicated that the colors White, Black, Purple Blue, and Grey were highly preferred by Generation MZ, regardless of their demographic factors. The differences in color preference were mostly observed in colors with lower preferences. The demographic factor with the greatest impact on preferred color was education level. The study also revealed that preferences for the colors Grey and Pink varied significantly based on gender. Conclusions As sustainability in design becomes increasingly important due to environmental concerns and depletion of resources, an efficient and minimized error design methodology is necessary. This study, which analyzed the preferred color of Generation MZ and its relation to demographic factors, can provide evidence-based data for product planning, marketing, and advertising in the post-COVID-19 stagnant design industry.
MZ世代与年龄、性别、购买力、教育水平等人口因素有关。研究结果为设计专门针对M一代和z一代的色彩营销策略提供了有价值的数据。方法对107名1981年至2005年出生的人进行问卷调查，问卷由15个问题组成。数据收集于2022年10月24日至11月4日。该研究使用了韩国产业标准“KS A 0011”的15种基本颜色作为颜色偏好的参考。数据分析采用SPSS 26.0进行频率分析和独立样本t检验。结果结果表明，白色、黑色、紫色、蓝色和灰色是MZ一代最喜欢的颜色，无论他们的人口因素如何。颜色偏好的差异主要在偏好较低的颜色上观察到。对颜色偏好影响最大的人口因素是受教育程度。研究还显示，性别对灰色和粉色的偏好差异很大。由于环境问题和资源枯竭，设计的可持续性变得越来越重要，一种有效和最小化错误的设计方法是必要的。本研究分析了MZ一代的偏好颜色及其与人口因素的关系，可以为后疫情停滞的设计行业的产品规划、营销和广告提供循证数据。
{"title":"Color Preferences of Generation MZ in Relation to Demographic Factors:Factors by Generation, Gender, Purchasing Power, and Education Level","authors":"MinYoung Baek, Eunryung Hyun","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.237","url":null,"abstract":"Background Generation MZ in relation to demographic factors such as generation, gender, purchasing power, and education level. The results of the study provide valuable data for designing color marketing strategies that cater specifically to Generation M and Generation Z. Methods A questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was completed by 107 individuals born between the years 1981 and 2005. The data was collected from October 24 to November 4, 2022. The study utilized the 15 basic colors of the Korean Industrial Standards “ KS A 0011 ” scale as the reference for color preference. Data analysis was performed through frequency analysis and an independent sample t-test using SPSS 26.0. Results The results indicated that the colors White, Black, Purple Blue, and Grey were highly preferred by Generation MZ, regardless of their demographic factors. The differences in color preference were mostly observed in colors with lower preferences. The demographic factor with the greatest impact on preferred color was education level. The study also revealed that preferences for the colors Grey and Pink varied significantly based on gender. Conclusions As sustainability in design becomes increasingly important due to environmental concerns and depletion of resources, an efficient and minimized error design methodology is necessary. This study, which analyzed the preferred color of Generation MZ and its relation to demographic factors, can provide evidence-based data for product planning, marketing, and advertising in the post-COVID-19 stagnant design industry.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43042424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.357
Haecheon Park
Background Since the late 1980s, South Korean consumer electronics companies had looked for new ways to develop products, breaking away from their previous export-oriented strategies, in order to defend the rapidly growing domestic market during the crisis phase of market opening and wage increases. The “ Korean-style home appliances ” that emerged in the early 1990s, as one of these attempts, were the result of localization of product features by focusing on the unique Korean lifestyle. This study aims to reconstruct the product development process of Korean home appliances led by Goldstar and to analyze the changing role and status of designers within the process. Methods This study reviewed articles and interviews from design magazines and major newspapers, as well as related writings and papers. The case studies included a Mulgulrae vacuum cleaner, a Ddukbaegi microwave oven, and a Kimjangdok refrigerator. Results In the early 1990s, the trend of Korean-style home appliance development led by Goldstar not only produced visible changes in the appearance of products, but also changed the role and status of designers. The starting point was the Mulgulrae vacuum cleaner, which was quickly followed by the Ddukbaegi microwave oven. After the commercial success of the first models of these two products, the importance of design was emphasized during the redesign of subsequent models. Design was seen as a tactical tool that could be quite useful for maneuvering in product development, speeding up responses to market reactions. In fact, designers went beyond simply stylizing the appearance of the product and demonstrated their expertise in designing solutions to users ’ needs. The enthusiasm for Korean-style appliances continued with the development of the Kimjangdok refrigerator. It's worth noting that in this case, the company did not just add another name to the list of Korean-style home appliances but went as far as to reorganize the operational system of the product development process.
{"title":"Changing the Role and Status of Designers in the Development of Goldstar's Korean-style Home Appliances in the Early 1990s","authors":"Haecheon Park","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.357","url":null,"abstract":"Background Since the late 1980s, South Korean consumer electronics companies had looked for new ways to develop products, breaking away from their previous export-oriented strategies, in order to defend the rapidly growing domestic market during the crisis phase of market opening and wage increases. The “ Korean-style home appliances ” that emerged in the early 1990s, as one of these attempts, were the result of localization of product features by focusing on the unique Korean lifestyle. This study aims to reconstruct the product development process of Korean home appliances led by Goldstar and to analyze the changing role and status of designers within the process. Methods This study reviewed articles and interviews from design magazines and major newspapers, as well as related writings and papers. The case studies included a Mulgulrae vacuum cleaner, a Ddukbaegi microwave oven, and a Kimjangdok refrigerator. Results In the early 1990s, the trend of Korean-style home appliance development led by Goldstar not only produced visible changes in the appearance of products, but also changed the role and status of designers. The starting point was the Mulgulrae vacuum cleaner, which was quickly followed by the Ddukbaegi microwave oven. After the commercial success of the first models of these two products, the importance of design was emphasized during the redesign of subsequent models. Design was seen as a tactical tool that could be quite useful for maneuvering in product development, speeding up responses to market reactions. In fact, designers went beyond simply stylizing the appearance of the product and demonstrated their expertise in designing solutions to users ’ needs. The enthusiasm for Korean-style appliances continued with the development of the Kimjangdok refrigerator. It's worth noting that in this case, the company did not just add another name to the list of Korean-style home appliances but went as far as to reorganize the operational system of the product development process.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45590036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.341
Hayoung Jung, Yeongmog Park
Background To understand the design concept generation process inference, this study aims to identify the designer's reasoning process and the various aspects accompanying the fallacy. We tried to develop the classification scheme of fallacy applied schemes in argumentation rhetoric and cognitive psychology to explore the discriminability in designers’ reasoning. Methods Retrospective protocols were collected to analyze. First, two coding schemes of design activity elements and fallacies of designers’ reasoning in the design concept generation process were derived by examining domestic and foreign studies on design reasoning. Second, the designers’ fallacy classification system was proposed to embrace the characteristics of design reasoning, selectively resorting to the typological list. Third, we analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the protocol data of design activities and fallacies classified according to the coding schemes. Results In this study, various aspects of design errors were empirically identified by applying the fallacy classification system to the design field. According to the results of the study, designers were using different reasoning strategies according to their preferred approach and engaging in the various fallacies, the design concept generation process. The difference in reasoning strategy also had a significant effect on the difference in the proportion of logical fallacy types. Conclusions The criteria and classification schemes established in this study systematically detected and identified the fallacies or errors in design reasoning, and their effectiveness in the design field was exploratively confirmed. These conceptual frames and schemes can be used effectively in the feedback to improve the quality of the designers' reasoning.
{"title":"A Protocol Analysis of Designers’ Reasoning and Fallacies in Design Concept Generation","authors":"Hayoung Jung, Yeongmog Park","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"Background To understand the design concept generation process inference, this study aims to identify the designer's reasoning process and the various aspects accompanying the fallacy. We tried to develop the classification scheme of fallacy applied schemes in argumentation rhetoric and cognitive psychology to explore the discriminability in designers’ reasoning. Methods Retrospective protocols were collected to analyze. First, two coding schemes of design activity elements and fallacies of designers’ reasoning in the design concept generation process were derived by examining domestic and foreign studies on design reasoning. Second, the designers’ fallacy classification system was proposed to embrace the characteristics of design reasoning, selectively resorting to the typological list. Third, we analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the protocol data of design activities and fallacies classified according to the coding schemes. Results In this study, various aspects of design errors were empirically identified by applying the fallacy classification system to the design field. According to the results of the study, designers were using different reasoning strategies according to their preferred approach and engaging in the various fallacies, the design concept generation process. The difference in reasoning strategy also had a significant effect on the difference in the proportion of logical fallacy types. Conclusions The criteria and classification schemes established in this study systematically detected and identified the fallacies or errors in design reasoning, and their effectiveness in the design field was exploratively confirmed. These conceptual frames and schemes can be used effectively in the feedback to improve the quality of the designers' reasoning.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43362381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.193
Ga Hyun Park, HyeMi Han, Yeoreum Lee, Hyo-Jin Kang
Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for home health care is increasing, and the smart health care market is developing further. As a result, much research has been conducted on the motivation for smart home healthcare, particularly in the field of home training services, to improve user experience and participation sustainability. However, there has been a lack of research on matching the value of motivation and structuring the relation, and there has been a lack of research using network analysis techniques. Therefore, in this study, we structure the elements and values for the motivation in home training services and derive data-based relations using network analysis of user observation data. Based on this, we establish guidelines for designing effective home training services for motivation. Methods The study suggested a framework by investigating the motivation perspectives related to smart home health care. In addition, user observation and interviews were conducted to analyze the user’s needs by qualitative analysis software and analyzed through deductive content analysis process. Codes were set using a framework, relationships between each code were analyzed through code co-occurrence and network, and detailed insights were derived through code quotation-based affinity diagrams. Based on the contents, detailed design guidelines were established by dividing them into usability and interaction aspects. Results In this study, factors including the user's motivational perspective were applied to the home training app service field and proposed through design, and it was confirmed through code co-occurrence and network analysis that the factors were effective in terms of motivation. In addition, detailed insights were drawn through a network and code quotation affinity diagram to establish a design guideline strategy. Conclusions
{"title":"Development of User-centered Design Guidelines for the Motivation of Home Training Services: Focused on South Korean Generation MZ","authors":"Ga Hyun Park, HyeMi Han, Yeoreum Lee, Hyo-Jin Kang","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.193","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for home health care is increasing, and the smart health care market is developing further. As a result, much research has been conducted on the motivation for smart home healthcare, particularly in the field of home training services, to improve user experience and participation sustainability. However, there has been a lack of research on matching the value of motivation and structuring the relation, and there has been a lack of research using network analysis techniques. Therefore, in this study, we structure the elements and values for the motivation in home training services and derive data-based relations using network analysis of user observation data. Based on this, we establish guidelines for designing effective home training services for motivation. Methods The study suggested a framework by investigating the motivation perspectives related to smart home health care. In addition, user observation and interviews were conducted to analyze the user’s needs by qualitative analysis software and analyzed through deductive content analysis process. Codes were set using a framework, relationships between each code were analyzed through code co-occurrence and network, and detailed insights were derived through code quotation-based affinity diagrams. Based on the contents, detailed design guidelines were established by dividing them into usability and interaction aspects. Results In this study, factors including the user's motivational perspective were applied to the home training app service field and proposed through design, and it was confirmed through code co-occurrence and network analysis that the factors were effective in terms of motivation. In addition, detailed insights were drawn through a network and code quotation affinity diagram to establish a design guideline strategy. Conclusions","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":"6 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.49
Seungmin Kim, Hyunchan Kim
Background Under the Road Traffic Act amendment enacted in 2021, all road users aged 14 and over must wear helmets when using micro-mobility vehicles such as E-scooters and E-bikes. However, it is still difficult to find micro-mobility users who wear helmets on the road. In this study, we investigate the design factors for developing a transformable helmet that can maximize portability to promote more micro-mobility users carrying the helmet. This study aims to explore the material, structure, and morphological features of commercially available transformable helmets and obtain design considerations by observing micro-mobility user behavior. Methods This study investigated road safety rules and regulations related to helmets for micro-mobility. By conducting a survey, we examined users' willingness to wear a helmet when using micro-mobility and identified the factors influencing their helmet choice. From this, the study confirmed the needs and requirements for transformable helmet design. In addition, this study has extensively explored commercially available transformable helmets that may suit the user of micro-mobility. All reviewed helmets were categorized by folding structure, weight, and materials related to the design of transformability and analyzed according to their structural features. Results This study first identifies that various factors could influence a micro-mobility user's perception in relation to road safety and helmet use. The study explored the characteristics of helmets in various forms by examining the transformable helmets in the domestic and overseas markets. As a result, this study was able to classify transformable helmets into five groups: transformable helmets that reduce width or thickness through a folding structure, collapsible helmets that reduce space by layering flexible materials, flippable helmets that reduce thickness by using a rotating hinge, stretchable helmets that reduce the size by spacing units apart, and blowable helmets that inflate. Conclusions This study identified the advantages, disadvantages, and usability features of each design type of transformable helmet and provided suggestions and considerations during the product designing stages. In addition, this study identified the need to establish KC(Korea Certification) safety standards for transformable helmets.
{"title":"Transformable Helmet Design for Micro-Mobility","authors":"Seungmin Kim, Hyunchan Kim","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.49","url":null,"abstract":"Background Under the Road Traffic Act amendment enacted in 2021, all road users aged 14 and over must wear helmets when using micro-mobility vehicles such as E-scooters and E-bikes. However, it is still difficult to find micro-mobility users who wear helmets on the road. In this study, we investigate the design factors for developing a transformable helmet that can maximize portability to promote more micro-mobility users carrying the helmet. This study aims to explore the material, structure, and morphological features of commercially available transformable helmets and obtain design considerations by observing micro-mobility user behavior. Methods This study investigated road safety rules and regulations related to helmets for micro-mobility. By conducting a survey, we examined users' willingness to wear a helmet when using micro-mobility and identified the factors influencing their helmet choice. From this, the study confirmed the needs and requirements for transformable helmet design. In addition, this study has extensively explored commercially available transformable helmets that may suit the user of micro-mobility. All reviewed helmets were categorized by folding structure, weight, and materials related to the design of transformability and analyzed according to their structural features. Results This study first identifies that various factors could influence a micro-mobility user's perception in relation to road safety and helmet use. The study explored the characteristics of helmets in various forms by examining the transformable helmets in the domestic and overseas markets. As a result, this study was able to classify transformable helmets into five groups: transformable helmets that reduce width or thickness through a folding structure, collapsible helmets that reduce space by layering flexible materials, flippable helmets that reduce thickness by using a rotating hinge, stretchable helmets that reduce the size by spacing units apart, and blowable helmets that inflate. Conclusions This study identified the advantages, disadvantages, and usability features of each design type of transformable helmet and provided suggestions and considerations during the product designing stages. In addition, this study identified the need to establish KC(Korea Certification) safety standards for transformable helmets.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.289
Minwoo Hwang, Taesun Kim, Bohyung Koh
Background As the craft market grows, crafts are turning into commodities. It’s, therefore, necessary to understand the selection attributes of crafts that consumers consider when purchasing. Accordingly, this study aims to develop an appropriate and valid selection attributes of crafts that can be used in the behavioral research of craft consumers. Methods Based on literature review, expert FGI (focus group interview), and preliminary survey, the questionnaire was developed. Subsequently, a survey using a convenience sampling method was conducted with consumers who had purchased crafts to validate the derived scale. A total of 197 responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS 29.0 for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, and cross-tabulation analysis of demographic variables and clusters. Results Through literature review, expert FGI, and preliminary survey, 24 selection attributes were constructed. The empirical analysis resulted in the development of a selection attributes scale with five dimensions and 17 items, including ‘Expected attachment,’ ‘Visual attractiveness,’ ‘Expected quality,’ ‘Artist awareness,’ and ‘Social identity.’ Cluster analysis categorized consumers into four types: ‘High interest,’ ‘Low interest,’ ‘Fandom,’ and ‘Exhibitionist,’ with age and education level having a more significant impact on cluster differentiation than economic level. Conclusions The selection attributes scale developed in this study can serve as an important criterion for understanding consumers of crafts. Based on this, crafts artists, manufacturers and related practitioners can explore strategic ways to enhance market competitiveness.
{"title":"Scale Development of Selection Attributes for Crafts","authors":"Minwoo Hwang, Taesun Kim, Bohyung Koh","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.289","url":null,"abstract":"Background As the craft market grows, crafts are turning into commodities. It’s, therefore, necessary to understand the selection attributes of crafts that consumers consider when purchasing. Accordingly, this study aims to develop an appropriate and valid selection attributes of crafts that can be used in the behavioral research of craft consumers. Methods Based on literature review, expert FGI (focus group interview), and preliminary survey, the questionnaire was developed. Subsequently, a survey using a convenience sampling method was conducted with consumers who had purchased crafts to validate the derived scale. A total of 197 responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS 29.0 for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, and cross-tabulation analysis of demographic variables and clusters. Results Through literature review, expert FGI, and preliminary survey, 24 selection attributes were constructed. The empirical analysis resulted in the development of a selection attributes scale with five dimensions and 17 items, including ‘Expected attachment,’ ‘Visual attractiveness,’ ‘Expected quality,’ ‘Artist awareness,’ and ‘Social identity.’ Cluster analysis categorized consumers into four types: ‘High interest,’ ‘Low interest,’ ‘Fandom,’ and ‘Exhibitionist,’ with age and education level having a more significant impact on cluster differentiation than economic level. Conclusions The selection attributes scale developed in this study can serve as an important criterion for understanding consumers of crafts. Based on this, crafts artists, manufacturers and related practitioners can explore strategic ways to enhance market competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46189446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.67
Aeri Lee, Jieun Park, Hyojung Yang, Younghun Jung, Dongwhan Kim, Byunghak Ahn
Background The advancing font production environment catalyzed the development of diverse typefaces and a convenient environment to use them. However, a major problem is that the current Korean font classification systems and their standards are not reflecting this reality. This is because the current systems fail to provide integrated and organic classification standards due to the present excessively rigid and outdated classification standards, and because of insufficient in-depth studies on standards for the classification of various fonts and how they impact each other. Therefore, as part of a study on the Korean font classification systems that are causing the problems, this study seeks to explore and present the major font classification standards necessary to update the systems and the detailed distinguishing elements associated with these standards. Methods The three current font classification systems were examined to identify their problems and to explore the options for improvement. Then, these classification standards were analyzed to corroborate the font distinguishing features that are used in those classification systems. In the preliminary studies that follow, existing studies were reviewed to find out how thoroughly these studies addressed and discussed these font distinguishing features. The analysis for identifying the distinguishing features of Korean fonts was conducted in four main directions: (1) Analysis of font-related design application requirements; (2) Analysis of font-related copyrights; (3) Literary examination of handwriting analysis; and (4) Analysis of distinguishing characteristics to be considered in creating Korean fonts. (referred to the glyphs user manual) Results Four major classification standards that are the most comprehensive and broadly applicable, have been identified through the analyses on related subjects based on the distinguishing characteristics featured in existing classification systems: the skeleton as the frame; the space related to the distance and size of individual letter; the weight that corresponds to the thickness of strokes; and the shape that is related to font families. The subcategories of these distinguishing characteristics include: Frame (length of stroke,
{"title":"A Proposed Font Distinguishing Element Categorization for Improvement of the Korean Font Classification System","authors":"Aeri Lee, Jieun Park, Hyojung Yang, Younghun Jung, Dongwhan Kim, Byunghak Ahn","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.67","url":null,"abstract":"Background The advancing font production environment catalyzed the development of diverse typefaces and a convenient environment to use them. However, a major problem is that the current Korean font classification systems and their standards are not reflecting this reality. This is because the current systems fail to provide integrated and organic classification standards due to the present excessively rigid and outdated classification standards, and because of insufficient in-depth studies on standards for the classification of various fonts and how they impact each other. Therefore, as part of a study on the Korean font classification systems that are causing the problems, this study seeks to explore and present the major font classification standards necessary to update the systems and the detailed distinguishing elements associated with these standards. Methods The three current font classification systems were examined to identify their problems and to explore the options for improvement. Then, these classification standards were analyzed to corroborate the font distinguishing features that are used in those classification systems. In the preliminary studies that follow, existing studies were reviewed to find out how thoroughly these studies addressed and discussed these font distinguishing features. The analysis for identifying the distinguishing features of Korean fonts was conducted in four main directions: (1) Analysis of font-related design application requirements; (2) Analysis of font-related copyrights; (3) Literary examination of handwriting analysis; and (4) Analysis of distinguishing characteristics to be considered in creating Korean fonts. (referred to the glyphs user manual) Results Four major classification standards that are the most comprehensive and broadly applicable, have been identified through the analyses on related subjects based on the distinguishing characteristics featured in existing classification systems: the skeleton as the frame; the space related to the distance and size of individual letter; the weight that corresponds to the thickness of strokes; and the shape that is related to font families. The subcategories of these distinguishing characteristics include: Frame (length of stroke,","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42405646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.305
Hyunji Roh, Juhyun Eune
Background With the expansion of “ Design Art ” into various domains, opinions on whether design can be considered art diverge. However, it is essential to establish a developmental perspective in line with the expansion of design art. In this regard, this study examines George Dickie's “ Art Institutional Theory, ” which views art not as an inherent attribute but as a result of institutional recognition. The study explores the process and significance of constructing Korean design arts. Methods The study initiated the analysis of George Dickie ’ s works to establish the framework of art institutional theory. His theory ’ s concept of "Elasticity ” confirmed the possibility of “ Design Art. ” By investigating the construction process of Korean design art institutions, the study focused on the Establishment “ Supplementary role ” which illustrates the characteristics of institutional theory in the art world. Researchers conducted literature research and site visits to track activities from 1966 to 2021, organizing the findings chronologically to examine quantitative and qualitative changes. Results During the 1970s and 1980s, Korean design art established foundation institutions. In the early 1990s, design art thrived with increased criticism. The opening of the Design Museum at the Seoul Arts Center in 1999 was a significant milestone. From the early 2000s, “ Design Art. ” gained popularity, with active exhibitions in municipal art museums and renowned galleries. Design art fairs and international academic conferences also emerged. By the 2010s, the Korean design art system matured, experiencing explosive growth in exhibitions and diverse themes. Design research played a pivotal role in cultivating public awareness and appreciation. Conclusions Tracing the trajectory of the “ Supplementary role ” it is evident that design arts have evolved alongside other compositional subjects in the art world. From the perspective of Dickie ’ s art institutional theory, it becomes apparent that the Korean art world has developed a series of systems that can be understood as “ Design Art. ” Design should transcend its limited role and embrace new challenges, leading to diverse creative and innovative endeavors.
{"title":"The Establishing Process of 'Design Art' in South Korea through George Dickie's Art Institutional Theory: The Supplementary Role","authors":"Hyunji Roh, Juhyun Eune","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.305","url":null,"abstract":"Background With the expansion of “ Design Art ” into various domains, opinions on whether design can be considered art diverge. However, it is essential to establish a developmental perspective in line with the expansion of design art. In this regard, this study examines George Dickie's “ Art Institutional Theory, ” which views art not as an inherent attribute but as a result of institutional recognition. The study explores the process and significance of constructing Korean design arts. Methods The study initiated the analysis of George Dickie ’ s works to establish the framework of art institutional theory. His theory ’ s concept of \"Elasticity ” confirmed the possibility of “ Design Art. ” By investigating the construction process of Korean design art institutions, the study focused on the Establishment “ Supplementary role ” which illustrates the characteristics of institutional theory in the art world. Researchers conducted literature research and site visits to track activities from 1966 to 2021, organizing the findings chronologically to examine quantitative and qualitative changes. Results During the 1970s and 1980s, Korean design art established foundation institutions. In the early 1990s, design art thrived with increased criticism. The opening of the Design Museum at the Seoul Arts Center in 1999 was a significant milestone. From the early 2000s, “ Design Art. ” gained popularity, with active exhibitions in municipal art museums and renowned galleries. Design art fairs and international academic conferences also emerged. By the 2010s, the Korean design art system matured, experiencing explosive growth in exhibitions and diverse themes. Design research played a pivotal role in cultivating public awareness and appreciation. Conclusions Tracing the trajectory of the “ Supplementary role ” it is evident that design arts have evolved alongside other compositional subjects in the art world. From the perspective of Dickie ’ s art institutional theory, it becomes apparent that the Korean art world has developed a series of systems that can be understood as “ Design Art. ” Design should transcend its limited role and embrace new challenges, leading to diverse creative and innovative endeavors.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47131088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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