Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.91
SeungYeon Lee, Huhn Kim
Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for video meeting metaverse platforms such as Gather. Town, which support non-face-to-face communication using avatars and video screens, has increased rapidly. However, existing video meeting metaverses have a problem in visually mapping the avatar displayed on the screen to the corresponding video screen. Users find it difficult to communicate with others by moving the avatar in the metaverse space and synthesizing the avatar's motions and emoticons as well as other people’s facial expressions and hand gestures on the video screen. Methods Three experiments were conducted to derive an avatar-video layout and interaction design that can solve the mapping problem between avatar and video screen. Experiment I proposed various layout designs that facilitate avatar-video mapping, and compared ease of the mapping, visual complexity, and subjective satisfaction of each layout. In addition to the optimal layout derived from Experiment I, Experiment II verified the effect of the interaction that changes the position of the video according to the movement of the avatar. Experiment III investigated how to add effects such as opacity or size reduction to the video only when the avatar moves affect the user experience.
{"title":"Improving Avatar-Video Layout and Interaction Design for Video Meeting Metaverses","authors":"SeungYeon Lee, Huhn Kim","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.91","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for video meeting metaverse platforms such as Gather. Town, which support non-face-to-face communication using avatars and video screens, has increased rapidly. However, existing video meeting metaverses have a problem in visually mapping the avatar displayed on the screen to the corresponding video screen. Users find it difficult to communicate with others by moving the avatar in the metaverse space and synthesizing the avatar's motions and emoticons as well as other people’s facial expressions and hand gestures on the video screen. Methods Three experiments were conducted to derive an avatar-video layout and interaction design that can solve the mapping problem between avatar and video screen. Experiment I proposed various layout designs that facilitate avatar-video mapping, and compared ease of the mapping, visual complexity, and subjective satisfaction of each layout. In addition to the optimal layout derived from Experiment I, Experiment II verified the effect of the interaction that changes the position of the video according to the movement of the avatar. Experiment III investigated how to add effects such as opacity or size reduction to the video only when the avatar moves affect the user experience.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46190471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.419
Jongkyun Kim
Background This study aims to analyze the background, content, development, and achievements of the Rural Saemaul Movement (New Village Movement) that took place in the late 1970s in South Korea from a design perspective. Methods The study examines the process of the influx and establishment of modernity and modernism in South Korea, focusing on architectural examples from the Japanese colonial era, the Manchukuo, and the US military government era. Subsequently, the study investigates the progress and achievements of the key policies of the Rural Saemaul movement, such as improving thatched roofs, upgrading substandard housing, enhancing living conditions, and dispelling superstitions, from a design perspective. Results Although the development process of the Rural Saemaul movement lacked rationality due to a top-down approach led by the government and the mobilization of residents, the outcomes resulted in a disruption of tradition and the incorporation of hygiene and science into the living environment, as well as standardization and mass production in housing styles, yielding results similar to Western modernist movements. Conclusions While it may be necessary to assess the colonial modernity and the deficiency of modernity in the 1970s Rural Saemaul movement, in terms of its results, the movement can be identified as the largest Modernist movement in South Korea.
{"title":"Reassessing the 1970s Rural Saemaul Movement as a Modern Design Movement","authors":"Jongkyun Kim","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.419","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study aims to analyze the background, content, development, and achievements of the Rural Saemaul Movement (New Village Movement) that took place in the late 1970s in South Korea from a design perspective. Methods The study examines the process of the influx and establishment of modernity and modernism in South Korea, focusing on architectural examples from the Japanese colonial era, the Manchukuo, and the US military government era. Subsequently, the study investigates the progress and achievements of the key policies of the Rural Saemaul movement, such as improving thatched roofs, upgrading substandard housing, enhancing living conditions, and dispelling superstitions, from a design perspective. Results Although the development process of the Rural Saemaul movement lacked rationality due to a top-down approach led by the government and the mobilization of residents, the outcomes resulted in a disruption of tradition and the incorporation of hygiene and science into the living environment, as well as standardization and mass production in housing styles, yielding results similar to Western modernist movements. Conclusions While it may be necessary to assess the colonial modernity and the deficiency of modernity in the 1970s Rural Saemaul movement, in terms of its results, the movement can be identified as the largest Modernist movement in South Korea.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45584826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.167
S. Park, Yoori Koo
Background As uncertainties increase after COVID-19, the importance of establishing strategies and policies through future predictions at the national level is increasing. Accordingly, advanced overseas research institutes are discovering near-future policy agendas by incorporating design, participatory, and human-centered approaches into foresight, especially using design thinking as a problem-solving process and mindset. On the other hand, in the case of South Korea, there is still not enough design thinking methodology that can be used in the policy field for future prediction. Therefore, this study aims to define processes and core activities for various stakeholders participating in policy making to develop scenarios from an integrated and future perspective, and to propose a mindset, a future response policy design process, and a co-design toolkit. Methods This study is divided into a literature review, a service program, and toolkit development through co-creation workshops for policy researchers and the proposal of a design thinking-based future policymaking process. Through the literature review, core processes and activities based on foresight and scenario planning were derived, and design thinking-based foresight mindset themes including user orientation, integration, autonomy, openness, and future orientation were derived. In addition, based on the limitations of scenario planning for experts, the necessity of design thinking in foresight was investigated. Next, a co-design toolkit was developed to propose a practical scenario planning workshop service, and a study was conducted to verify this through a co-creation workshop for policy researchers. Results In order to find national-level near-future policy agendas, a design thinking-based future policymaking process was proposed so that policy researchers can develop scenarios based on user-centered, integrated, and future perspectives. The process was visualized using blue print, and four steps for participatory workshop operation, eight activities, 10 co-design tools, and five theme-based mindsets to utilize them were structured in terms of the interaction between service operators and participants.
{"title":"Proposal of a Scenario Planning Process and Co-Design Tool for Developing a User-Centered Future Policy Agenda","authors":"S. Park, Yoori Koo","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.167","url":null,"abstract":"Background As uncertainties increase after COVID-19, the importance of establishing strategies and policies through future predictions at the national level is increasing. Accordingly, advanced overseas research institutes are discovering near-future policy agendas by incorporating design, participatory, and human-centered approaches into foresight, especially using design thinking as a problem-solving process and mindset. On the other hand, in the case of South Korea, there is still not enough design thinking methodology that can be used in the policy field for future prediction. Therefore, this study aims to define processes and core activities for various stakeholders participating in policy making to develop scenarios from an integrated and future perspective, and to propose a mindset, a future response policy design process, and a co-design toolkit. Methods This study is divided into a literature review, a service program, and toolkit development through co-creation workshops for policy researchers and the proposal of a design thinking-based future policymaking process. Through the literature review, core processes and activities based on foresight and scenario planning were derived, and design thinking-based foresight mindset themes including user orientation, integration, autonomy, openness, and future orientation were derived. In addition, based on the limitations of scenario planning for experts, the necessity of design thinking in foresight was investigated. Next, a co-design toolkit was developed to propose a practical scenario planning workshop service, and a study was conducted to verify this through a co-creation workshop for policy researchers. Results In order to find national-level near-future policy agendas, a design thinking-based future policymaking process was proposed so that policy researchers can develop scenarios based on user-centered, integrated, and future perspectives. The process was visualized using blue print, and four steps for participatory workshop operation, eight activities, 10 co-design tools, and five theme-based mindsets to utilize them were structured in terms of the interaction between service operators and participants.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49333589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.129
Jooyeon Lee, Eui-Chul Jung
Background To answer the research question, “How can a product’s user tracking record change the user’s behavior or emotions when shared with the user?”, in this study the user tracking record was analyzed considering its role as a trigger for reflection. Methods First, in the definition stage, the role of user tracking records in the system was considered as a base study. Second, in the analysis stage, a systematic literature review was selected as a research method with the aim of extracting the data content characteristics and use experience factors, and analyzing the relationship between data content characteristics and experience factors. Third, in the application and modeling stage, the above relationship results are applied to the stage where a reflective relationship is formed between the user and the self-tracker. Results First, the security(+/0) factor was found to be a major factor in the experience of using the self-tracker. Second, the positive experience factors with high frequency induced through the use of trackers were self-esteem(+) and pleasure-stimulation(+). The data content characteristics composition that induced each experience factor was changed for each stage of the reflective relationship. Third, negative experience factors with a high frequency of induction through the use of trackers were self-esteem(-) and physical thriving(0/-), which caused the transition from each stage of the reflective relationship to their discontinuation of use. Conclusions Based on the analysis results, a reflective circular relationship model between users and self-trackers is presented. In this model of exploration–reinforcement–maintenance, data content characteristics that cause experience factors are presented. This model enables the identification of the user experience factors that lead to departure from the circular relationship by improving or weakening the relationship from each stage of the reflective relationship to the next, and the characteristics of the data content characteristics that induce it.
{"title":"Proposal of a Reflective Relationship Formation Model between Users and Self-Trackers Based on Data Content Characteristics","authors":"Jooyeon Lee, Eui-Chul Jung","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.129","url":null,"abstract":"Background To answer the research question, “How can a product’s user tracking record change the user’s behavior or emotions when shared with the user?”, in this study the user tracking record was analyzed considering its role as a trigger for reflection. Methods First, in the definition stage, the role of user tracking records in the system was considered as a base study. Second, in the analysis stage, a systematic literature review was selected as a research method with the aim of extracting the data content characteristics and use experience factors, and analyzing the relationship between data content characteristics and experience factors. Third, in the application and modeling stage, the above relationship results are applied to the stage where a reflective relationship is formed between the user and the self-tracker. Results First, the security(+/0) factor was found to be a major factor in the experience of using the self-tracker. Second, the positive experience factors with high frequency induced through the use of trackers were self-esteem(+) and pleasure-stimulation(+). The data content characteristics composition that induced each experience factor was changed for each stage of the reflective relationship. Third, negative experience factors with a high frequency of induction through the use of trackers were self-esteem(-) and physical thriving(0/-), which caused the transition from each stage of the reflective relationship to their discontinuation of use. Conclusions Based on the analysis results, a reflective circular relationship model between users and self-trackers is presented. In this model of exploration–reinforcement–maintenance, data content characteristics that cause experience factors are presented. This model enables the identification of the user experience factors that lead to departure from the circular relationship by improving or weakening the relationship from each stage of the reflective relationship to the next, and the characteristics of the data content characteristics that induce it.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44889567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.403
Hyeon Joo Kang
Background Moon Woosik (1932-2010) majored in fine art and worked as a painter in the 1950s and 1960s before starting design activities in the mid-1960s. He was also a design educator teaching graphic design at Hongik University from 1966 to 1979. As the field of design became institutionalized and specialized, Moon Woosik, who had a dual identity as an artist and designer, was forgotten. Then, his work was recently introduced through ‘Modern Design: The Art of Life, Industry and Diplomacy’ exhibition (2022.11.23.~2023.03.26.) held at the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. This study aims to examine Moon Woosik's life and design activities that have not been well known, focusing on his tourism posters. Methods Moon Soyon, the second daughter of Moon Woosik, was interviewed and the family collection was reviewed. Also, an interview was conducted with Baik Kumnam, who was a student of Moon Woosik when he worked at Hongik University. Catalogs of Exhibitions such as ‘Moon Woosik: Memories of Longing’, ‘Modern Design: The Art of Life, Industry and Diplomacy’ and ‘The Korean Industrial Artist Association Member Exhibitions’ were referenced. In addition, various newspaper and magazine articles and videos related to Moon Woosik were investigated. The period focused on in this study is about 15 years from 1964, when Moon Woosik first exhibited his poster at The Korean Industrial Artist Association Member Exhibition, to 1979, when he left Hongik University. Results The social and cultural atmosphere of the mid-1960s and the situation in the field of design influenced Moon Woosik, who was a painter, to become a designer and design educator. At the time, tourism was a popular theme among designers as the government implemented a policy to promote the tourism industry. Moon Woosik used watercolor paints for posters, and he enjoyed using objects related to hobbies and leisure activities that reflect the modern lifestyle against a natural landscape background. His posters were praised for their delicate drawing skills and expressive power. Then, as message communication became more important than image expression in graphic design, and new media such as photography, silk screen, and printing were used, his manual work was gradually forgotten.
{"title":"The Characteristics and Historical Background of Moon Woosik’s Tourism Posters in the 1960s and the 1970s","authors":"Hyeon Joo Kang","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.08.36.3.403","url":null,"abstract":"Background Moon Woosik (1932-2010) majored in fine art and worked as a painter in the 1950s and 1960s before starting design activities in the mid-1960s. He was also a design educator teaching graphic design at Hongik University from 1966 to 1979. As the field of design became institutionalized and specialized, Moon Woosik, who had a dual identity as an artist and designer, was forgotten. Then, his work was recently introduced through ‘Modern Design: The Art of Life, Industry and Diplomacy’ exhibition (2022.11.23.~2023.03.26.) held at the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art. This study aims to examine Moon Woosik's life and design activities that have not been well known, focusing on his tourism posters. Methods Moon Soyon, the second daughter of Moon Woosik, was interviewed and the family collection was reviewed. Also, an interview was conducted with Baik Kumnam, who was a student of Moon Woosik when he worked at Hongik University. Catalogs of Exhibitions such as ‘Moon Woosik: Memories of Longing’, ‘Modern Design: The Art of Life, Industry and Diplomacy’ and ‘The Korean Industrial Artist Association Member Exhibitions’ were referenced. In addition, various newspaper and magazine articles and videos related to Moon Woosik were investigated. The period focused on in this study is about 15 years from 1964, when Moon Woosik first exhibited his poster at The Korean Industrial Artist Association Member Exhibition, to 1979, when he left Hongik University. Results The social and cultural atmosphere of the mid-1960s and the situation in the field of design influenced Moon Woosik, who was a painter, to become a designer and design educator. At the time, tourism was a popular theme among designers as the government implemented a policy to promote the tourism industry. Moon Woosik used watercolor paints for posters, and he enjoyed using objects related to hobbies and leisure activities that reflect the modern lifestyle against a natural landscape background. His posters were praised for their delicate drawing skills and expressive power. Then, as message communication became more important than image expression in graphic design, and new media such as photography, silk screen, and printing were used, his manual work was gradually forgotten.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43901967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.45
B. P. Redyantanu, Y. Yatmo, P. Atmodiwirjo
Background This study aims to identify, map, and reflect on actual-virtual relations in architectural design practices. Virtuality is more than just a discourse of technology. Virtuality is an attempt to realize unlimited possibilities. This study uses the context of the Venice Architecture Biennale (2021) exhibition with the theme 'How Will We Live Together?' to illustrate various possibilities of space construction through the actual-virtual framework. Methods The identification of actual-virtual is performed by qualitatively decomposing the case studies of 60 pavilions. The analysis is carried out by drawing and retracing the data for each pavilion to discover various actual-virtual instruments, operations, and relations in the exhibition. Reflection on the actual-virtual concept that traverses multiple dimensions of space and time, becomes the basis for seeing actual-virtual as a potential. Results This study reveals various types of actual-virtual operations and relations in the context of architectural exhibitions. The connection between origin and execution in exhibitions parallels the actual-virtual relational framework. Disassembling the case study also demonstrates the actual-virtual possibility as a design instrument that connects multidimensional space and time. Conclusions This study offers to deliver another perspective on actual-virtual relations in architecture. This study expands the actual-virtual abstract and conceptual discourse into more practical and operative perspectives. The findings demonstrate the possibility of broadening design knowledge based on an actual-virtual relational framework in an architectural context.
{"title":"Mapping The Actual-Virtual in Architecture Exhibition","authors":"B. P. Redyantanu, Y. Yatmo, P. Atmodiwirjo","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study aims to identify, map, and reflect on actual-virtual relations in architectural design practices. Virtuality is more than just a discourse of technology. Virtuality is an attempt to realize unlimited possibilities. This study uses the context of the Venice Architecture Biennale (2021) exhibition with the theme 'How Will We Live Together?' to illustrate various possibilities of space construction through the actual-virtual framework. Methods The identification of actual-virtual is performed by qualitatively decomposing the case studies of 60 pavilions. The analysis is carried out by drawing and retracing the data for each pavilion to discover various actual-virtual instruments, operations, and relations in the exhibition. Reflection on the actual-virtual concept that traverses multiple dimensions of space and time, becomes the basis for seeing actual-virtual as a potential. Results This study reveals various types of actual-virtual operations and relations in the context of architectural exhibitions. The connection between origin and execution in exhibitions parallels the actual-virtual relational framework. Disassembling the case study also demonstrates the actual-virtual possibility as a design instrument that connects multidimensional space and time. Conclusions This study offers to deliver another perspective on actual-virtual relations in architecture. This study expands the actual-virtual abstract and conceptual discourse into more practical and operative perspectives. The findings demonstrate the possibility of broadening design knowledge based on an actual-virtual relational framework in an architectural context.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44950580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.7
Doeun Park, Jinwoo Kim, Yee-Jin Shin
{"title":"Conversational Agent for Supporting Self-regulation in Children’s Daily Activities in the Pandemic Era","authors":"Doeun Park, Jinwoo Kim, Yee-Jin Shin","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45569734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.129
K. Hwang, Hyunchang Kim, M. Al-Rawi, Seungmin Kim
Background Micro-mobility is a form of transportation that travels short distances using lightweight vehicles such as e-scooters or e-bicycles. Micro-mobility is now prevalent in major cities worldwide and is seen by many users of urban areas as an alternative to motor vehicle transport. Micro-mobility offers considerably higher speeds than walking, is more environmentally friendly and convenient than driving, and does not require expensive car-parking facilities. A helmet is vital personal protective equipment that significantly reduces the risk of head injuries resulting from falling while using micro-mobility services. However, many users do not use a helmet or wear a traditional bicycle helmet despite the much higher speeds while riding micro-mobility. By considering user behavior, designing micro-mobility helmets should consider protecting riders' head injuries, wearing comfort, and maximizing the portability to be easy to carry. In addition, from an environmental perspective, the material used for the current mobility helmet market is far from eco-friendly. As user demand increases, it is time to examine the application of sustainable materials for helmet production. To meet the aim of this study, we explore the various materials to satisfy the essential function of helmets for riders of micro-mobility (e.g., safety, comfortability, portability) along with promoting sustainability. This study seeks to encourage more riders to wear helmets while using micro-mobility to prevent head injuries. Therefore, the developed helmet should be easy-to-carry, comfortable to wear, lightweight and portable. Methods To promote the use of environmentally friendly products, this study evaluated various eco-friendly materials that can design a highly portable form of the final product at the design stage. This study considered two sustainable materials for helmet production: corrugated cardboard and cork and one recyclable material, Nylon 66, from automobile airbags. Finally, using finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, this study tested all the proposed final designs to examine if the designed helmets meet the applicable safety standards and their functional requirements. Results The FEA analysis showed that the corrugated paper helmet was superior in relation to the stress on a rider's head, recorded as 5KPa at 80km/h. The CFD analysis revealed that the cork helmet showed better performance in terms of the temperature of a rider's head. The cork helmet reduced the temperature by 3.6 ℃ from an initial head temperature set at 36.5 ℃ . Conclusions Considering broad design factors, portability, cooling capacity, and eco-friendliness, corrugated paper was the most suitable helmet material for producing micro-mobility users. However, future work should consider more aesthetic and stylistic elements of helmet design.
{"title":"Designing Foldable Helmets for Micro-mobility using Sustainable Materials","authors":"K. Hwang, Hyunchang Kim, M. Al-Rawi, Seungmin Kim","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.129","url":null,"abstract":"Background Micro-mobility is a form of transportation that travels short distances using lightweight vehicles such as e-scooters or e-bicycles. Micro-mobility is now prevalent in major cities worldwide and is seen by many users of urban areas as an alternative to motor vehicle transport. Micro-mobility offers considerably higher speeds than walking, is more environmentally friendly and convenient than driving, and does not require expensive car-parking facilities. A helmet is vital personal protective equipment that significantly reduces the risk of head injuries resulting from falling while using micro-mobility services. However, many users do not use a helmet or wear a traditional bicycle helmet despite the much higher speeds while riding micro-mobility. By considering user behavior, designing micro-mobility helmets should consider protecting riders' head injuries, wearing comfort, and maximizing the portability to be easy to carry. In addition, from an environmental perspective, the material used for the current mobility helmet market is far from eco-friendly. As user demand increases, it is time to examine the application of sustainable materials for helmet production. To meet the aim of this study, we explore the various materials to satisfy the essential function of helmets for riders of micro-mobility (e.g., safety, comfortability, portability) along with promoting sustainability. This study seeks to encourage more riders to wear helmets while using micro-mobility to prevent head injuries. Therefore, the developed helmet should be easy-to-carry, comfortable to wear, lightweight and portable. Methods To promote the use of environmentally friendly products, this study evaluated various eco-friendly materials that can design a highly portable form of the final product at the design stage. This study considered two sustainable materials for helmet production: corrugated cardboard and cork and one recyclable material, Nylon 66, from automobile airbags. Finally, using finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, this study tested all the proposed final designs to examine if the designed helmets meet the applicable safety standards and their functional requirements. Results The FEA analysis showed that the corrugated paper helmet was superior in relation to the stress on a rider's head, recorded as 5KPa at 80km/h. The CFD analysis revealed that the cork helmet showed better performance in terms of the temperature of a rider's head. The cork helmet reduced the temperature by 3.6 ℃ from an initial head temperature set at 36.5 ℃ . Conclusions Considering broad design factors, portability, cooling capacity, and eco-friendliness, corrugated paper was the most suitable helmet material for producing micro-mobility users. However, future work should consider more aesthetic and stylistic elements of helmet design.","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45868016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.107
W. Swasty, M. Mustafa
{"title":"How do Local and International Tourists Perceive (Un) Common Colours on SME Food Souvenir Packaging in Bandung?","authors":"W. Swasty, M. Mustafa","doi":"10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2023.05.36.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52137,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Design Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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