Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303871
Audrey L. Evans;Chu Ma;Susan C. Hagness
Multiphysics simulation tools for modeling the generation and propagation of microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) signals aid in the development of emerging applications in medical imaging and communications. Simulation models of microwave-induced TA signals that lack consideration of the impact of the acoustic detection system result in a mismatch in the temporal characteristics of simulated and measured TA signals. We address this discrepancy by introducing an acoustic detection system transfer function that captures the combined effects of the ultrasound transducer and the acoustic signal filtering/amplification system and can be applied to simulated signals to improve their predictive accuracy. We determine the transfer function of a microwave-induced TA signal measurement system by comparing simulated and measured TA signals in a training testbed. We apply this transfer function to a set of simulated TA signals obtained from a performance evaluation testbed (differing from the training testbed) and compare to measured TA signals from that same testing scenario. We show that this technique resolves a long-standing discrepancy between simulation and experiment. Our proposed methodology for determining the acoustic detection system transfer function can be extended to other acoustic detection applications that require high-fidelity simulation models.
{"title":"Accurate Prediction of Measured Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Signals via Multiphysics Simulations Augmented With an Acoustic Detection System Transfer Function","authors":"Audrey L. Evans;Chu Ma;Susan C. Hagness","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303871","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphysics simulation tools for modeling the generation and propagation of microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) signals aid in the development of emerging applications in medical imaging and communications. Simulation models of microwave-induced TA signals that lack consideration of the impact of the acoustic detection system result in a mismatch in the temporal characteristics of simulated and measured TA signals. We address this discrepancy by introducing an acoustic detection system transfer function that captures the combined effects of the ultrasound transducer and the acoustic signal filtering/amplification system and can be applied to simulated signals to improve their predictive accuracy. We determine the transfer function of a microwave-induced TA signal measurement system by comparing simulated and measured TA signals in a training testbed. We apply this transfer function to a set of simulated TA signals obtained from a performance evaluation testbed (differing from the training testbed) and compare to measured TA signals from that same testing scenario. We show that this technique resolves a long-standing discrepancy between simulation and experiment. Our proposed methodology for determining the acoustic detection system transfer function can be extended to other acoustic detection applications that require high-fidelity simulation models.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3301978
Xiao-Feng He;Liang Li;Stéphane Lanteri;Kun Li
We present a data-driven surrogate modeling for parameterized electromagnetic simulation. This method extracts a set of reduced basis (RB) functions from full-order solutions through a two-step proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. A mapping from the time/parameter to the principal components of the projection coefficients, extracted by canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD), is approximated by a cubic spline interpolation (CSI) approach. The reduced-order model (ROM) is trained in the offline phase, while the RB solution of a new time/parameter value is recovered fast during the online phase. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method with numerical tests for the scattering of a plane wave by a 2-D multi-layer dielectric disk and a 3-D multi-layer dielectric sphere.
{"title":"Reduced Order Modeling for Parameterized Electromagnetic Simulation Based on Tensor Decomposition","authors":"Xiao-Feng He;Liang Li;Stéphane Lanteri;Kun Li","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3301978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3301978","url":null,"abstract":"We present a data-driven surrogate modeling for parameterized electromagnetic simulation. This method extracts a set of reduced basis (RB) functions from full-order solutions through a two-step proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. A mapping from the time/parameter to the principal components of the projection coefficients, extracted by canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD), is approximated by a cubic spline interpolation (CSI) approach. The reduced-order model (ROM) is trained in the offline phase, while the RB solution of a new time/parameter value is recovered fast during the online phase. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method with numerical tests for the scattering of a plane wave by a 2-D multi-layer dielectric disk and a 3-D multi-layer dielectric sphere.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297926
Fahimeh Sepehripour;Bastiaan P. de Hon;Martijn C. van Beurden
The numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering by PEC bodies of revolution (BORs) involves computing the modal Green functions (MGFs) arising in the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (EFIE) for a large number of modes. We achieve this by employing five-term recurrence relations that enable the accurate and efficient computation of the MGFs for a large sequence of modes. The computation time of the five-term recurrence relations is decreased by proper truncation of the associated infinite-dimensional matrix representations. The EFIE and MFIE are then employed together in the combined-field integral equation (CFIE), which overcomes the interior resonance problem that occurs in the electromagnetic scattering by PEC BORs with closed geometries. The performance of the proposed technique is validated by analyzing the scattering of modest to large-size PEC bodies of revolution.
{"title":"Multi-Mode Analysis of Scattering by Bodies of Revolutions via the Combined-Field Integral Equation","authors":"Fahimeh Sepehripour;Bastiaan P. de Hon;Martijn C. van Beurden","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297926","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering by PEC bodies of revolution (BORs) involves computing the modal Green functions (MGFs) arising in the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (EFIE) for a large number of modes. We achieve this by employing five-term recurrence relations that enable the accurate and efficient computation of the MGFs for a large sequence of modes. The computation time of the five-term recurrence relations is decreased by proper truncation of the associated infinite-dimensional matrix representations. The EFIE and MFIE are then employed together in the combined-field integral equation (CFIE), which overcomes the interior resonance problem that occurs in the electromagnetic scattering by PEC BORs with closed geometries. The performance of the proposed technique is validated by analyzing the scattering of modest to large-size PEC bodies of revolution.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297548
Jonas Kornprobst;Thomas F. Eibert
The magnetic field surface integral equation for perfect electrically conducting scatterers suffers from accuracy problems when discretized with lowest-order Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions. For high-frequency scattering scenarios, one of the various reported countermeasures are hierarchical higher-order (HO) functions. We demonstrate that the accuracy of these HO methods of up to 1.5th order may be further improved by employing a weak-form discretization scheme for the identity operator inside the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), in particular for scatterers with sharp edges. As expected, the presented numerical results indicate that this approach becomes less effective for increasing order. Moreover, since the weak-form discretization overcomes only the anisotropy problems of the standard discretizations, parts of the accuracy problems of the MFIE persist for HO discretizations if the testing is performed with non dual-space conforming functions.
{"title":"Accuracy Analysis of Div-Conforming Hierarchical Higher-Order Discretization Schemes for the Magnetic Field Integral Equation","authors":"Jonas Kornprobst;Thomas F. Eibert","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297548","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic field surface integral equation for perfect electrically conducting scatterers suffers from accuracy problems when discretized with lowest-order Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions. For high-frequency scattering scenarios, one of the various reported countermeasures are hierarchical higher-order (HO) functions. We demonstrate that the accuracy of these HO methods of up to 1.5th order may be further improved by employing a weak-form discretization scheme for the identity operator inside the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), in particular for scatterers with sharp edges. As expected, the presented numerical results indicate that this approach becomes less effective for increasing order. Moreover, since the weak-form discretization overcomes only the anisotropy problems of the standard discretizations, parts of the accuracy problems of the MFIE persist for HO discretizations if the testing is performed with non dual-space conforming functions.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49988902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3292979
Sharankumar Shastri;Bhim Singh
Conventional empirical-formulae (CEF) based permanent magnet (PM) motor design employs the use of several assumptions in the form of magnetic material non-linearity, air-gap and magnet reluctances derived from assumed leakage factors leading to the incorrect estimation of air-gap flux densities. This problem is much more prevalent in various forms of hybrid PM magnetization topologies such as Halbach array based PM (HAPM) or Halbach array based consequent pole based PM (HACPPM) rotors. In order to improve the air-gap magnetic flux density estimation using the CEF design method, a flux density adjustment factor is proposed in this work, which utilizes a look-up table formed upon a reduced electromagnetic finite-element simulation search space to improve the accuracy of flux density estimation in both Halbach and Consequent-Halbach PM rotors using the flux concentration factor (FCF). First, the derivation of the FCF is introduced. Then the effectiveness of the FCF + CEF method is analyzed quantitatively, in comparison with conventional CEF and 2D-FE (electromagnetic) methods and performance is analyzed.
{"title":"Rapid Flux Concentration Factor Determination for Halbach Array Based PM Rotors Using Composite FE Based Method","authors":"Sharankumar Shastri;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3292979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3292979","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional empirical-formulae (CEF) based permanent magnet (PM) motor design employs the use of several assumptions in the form of magnetic material non-linearity, air-gap and magnet reluctances derived from assumed leakage factors leading to the incorrect estimation of air-gap flux densities. This problem is much more prevalent in various forms of hybrid PM magnetization topologies such as Halbach array based PM (HAPM) or Halbach array based consequent pole based PM (HACPPM) rotors. In order to improve the air-gap magnetic flux density estimation using the CEF design method, a flux density adjustment factor is proposed in this work, which utilizes a look-up table formed upon a reduced electromagnetic finite-element simulation search space to improve the accuracy of flux density estimation in both Halbach and Consequent-Halbach PM rotors using the flux concentration factor (FCF). First, the derivation of the FCF is introduced. Then the effectiveness of the FCF + CEF method is analyzed quantitatively, in comparison with conventional CEF and 2D-FE (electromagnetic) methods and performance is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proliferation of power electronics in automotive and industrial applications raises compliance challenges in meeting electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulatory standards. In this work, we develop a robust multiscale system-level modeling and simulation methodology for predicting CISPR 25 conducted emission (CE) and radiated emission (RE). The method is based on a novel two-stage process. In the first stage, the IC model is generated either by non-linear time-domain simulation using a device-level physics model or oscilloscope measurements if a prototype is available. In the second stage, the IC model waveforms are used in a simulation environment comprising 3D full-wave frequency domain analysis and specially prepared macro-models for the laboratory equipment. Silicon validation of CISPR 25 EMC measurements on a “low-EMI,” high-performance DCDC automotive/industrial synchronous step-down converter is presented to validate the integrity of the predictive modeling methodology. Good correlations between modeling and EMC-certified testing laboratory emission measurements are achieved (i.e., within +/- 3 dBuV for CE and +/- 6 dBuV for RE). As a result, the predictive EMC modeling methodology can be implemented, early in the design cycle, to ensure first-pass EMC-compliant design.
{"title":"Multiscale EMC Modeling, Simulation, and Validation of a Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter","authors":"Rajen Murugan;Jie Chen;Ambreesh Tripathi;Bibhu Prasad Nayak;Harikiran Muniganti;Dipanjan Gope","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3276358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3276358","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of power electronics in automotive and industrial applications raises compliance challenges in meeting electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulatory standards. In this work, we develop a robust multiscale system-level modeling and simulation methodology for predicting CISPR 25 conducted emission (CE) and radiated emission (RE). The method is based on a novel two-stage process. In the first stage, the IC model is generated either by non-linear time-domain simulation using a device-level physics model or oscilloscope measurements if a prototype is available. In the second stage, the IC model waveforms are used in a simulation environment comprising 3D full-wave frequency domain analysis and specially prepared macro-models for the laboratory equipment. Silicon validation of CISPR 25 EMC measurements on a “low-EMI,” high-performance DCDC automotive/industrial synchronous step-down converter is presented to validate the integrity of the predictive modeling methodology. Good correlations between modeling and EMC-certified testing laboratory emission measurements are achieved (i.e., within +/- 3 dBuV for CE and +/- 6 dBuV for RE). As a result, the predictive EMC modeling methodology can be implemented, early in the design cycle, to ensure first-pass EMC-compliant design.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3271290
Krzysztof A. Michalski
A new, direct and succinct derivation is presented of the mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) for arbitrarily shaped conducting objects in plane-stratified, multilayered, uniaxial media. The vector and scalar potential MPIE kernels are expressed in terms of the voltage and current Green functions of the spectral-domain transmission-line network analog of the medium along the axis perpendicular to the stratification.
{"title":"Mixed-Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) Formulation for Arbitrarily Shaped Conducting Objects in Plane-Stratified Uniaxial Media—A New Look","authors":"Krzysztof A. Michalski","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3271290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3271290","url":null,"abstract":"A new, direct and succinct derivation is presented of the mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) for arbitrarily shaped conducting objects in plane-stratified, multilayered, uniaxial media. The vector and scalar potential MPIE kernels are expressed in terms of the voltage and current Green functions of the spectral-domain transmission-line network analog of the medium along the axis perpendicular to the stratification.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3268413
Martin Štumpf;Giulio Antonini;Jonas Ekman
The pulsed electromagnetic (EM) plane-wave scattering by a thin, high-contrast metasurface with time-varying magneto-dielectric properties is analyzed analytically with the aid of the time-domain (TD) EM reciprocity theorem of the time-convolution type. It is shown that the (1+1)-spacetime scattering problem can be reduced to a system of two uncoupled differential equations that are amenable to analytical solution. The resulting fields induced in the thin layer are subsequently used to express the desired scattered fields. The pertaining zero-reflection condition is discussed. Illustrative numerical examples are presented and validated numerically.
{"title":"Transient Electromagnetic Plane Wave Scattering by a Time-Varying Metasurface: A Time-Domain Approach Based on Reciprocity","authors":"Martin Štumpf;Giulio Antonini;Jonas Ekman","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3268413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3268413","url":null,"abstract":"The pulsed electromagnetic (EM) plane-wave scattering by a thin, high-contrast metasurface with time-varying magneto-dielectric properties is analyzed analytically with the aid of the time-domain (TD) EM reciprocity theorem of the time-convolution type. It is shown that the (1+1)-spacetime scattering problem can be reduced to a system of two uncoupled differential equations that are amenable to analytical solution. The resulting fields induced in the thin layer are subsequently used to express the desired scattered fields. The pertaining zero-reflection condition is discussed. Illustrative numerical examples are presented and validated numerically.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3265268
Bo Li;Min Tang;Ping Li;Junfa Mao
In this article, an efficient approach named Laguerre-based layered finite element method (LB-LFEM) is presented for transient thermal analysis of integrated circuits (ICs) and packages with microchannel cooling. A marching-on-in-order scheme based on weighted Laguerre polynomials is employed to deal with the governing equations of conjugate heat transfer, where the time variables are eliminated by the orthogonality of Laguerre basis functions. Then, the layered finite element method is utilized to model complex geometries and reduce the original system matrix to that only involves two-dimensional (2-D) surface unknowns in each layer. Based on the reduced matrix equation, the Laguerre coefficients are solved recursively order by order. The computational efficiency is improved significantly by this means. The validity and high efficiency of LB-LFEM are demonstrated by several examples.
{"title":"Efficient Thermal Analysis of Integrated Circuits and Packages With Microchannel Cooling Using Laguerre-Based Layered Finite Element Method","authors":"Bo Li;Min Tang;Ping Li;Junfa Mao","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3265268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3265268","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an efficient approach named Laguerre-based layered finite element method (LB-LFEM) is presented for transient thermal analysis of integrated circuits (ICs) and packages with microchannel cooling. A marching-on-in-order scheme based on weighted Laguerre polynomials is employed to deal with the governing equations of conjugate heat transfer, where the time variables are eliminated by the orthogonality of Laguerre basis functions. Then, the layered finite element method is utilized to model complex geometries and reduce the original system matrix to that only involves two-dimensional (2-D) surface unknowns in each layer. Based on the reduced matrix equation, the Laguerre coefficients are solved recursively order by order. The computational efficiency is improved significantly by this means. The validity and high efficiency of LB-LFEM are demonstrated by several examples.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3263686
Yang Jiang;Yuhang Dou;Richard Xian-Ke Gao
A quasi-static periodic Green's function (PGF) is proposed for modeling and designing metasurfaces in the form of two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures. By introducing a novel quasi-static approximation on the full-wave PGF in the spectrum domain, the quasi-static PGF is derived that can retain the contribution from propagating and evanescent modes below resonant frequency by a second-order polynomial of frequency. Unlike full-wave PGF, the proposed quasi-static PGF polynomial coefficients are frequency-invariant. Consequently, it can save the modeling time significantly by calculating the coefficients only once for a frequency band of interest. Moreover, a quasi-static PEEC model is developed from the proposed quasi-static PGF. It circumvents the breakdown problem around near-zero frequencies since the singularity in PGF is separated in the quasi-static PGF and eliminated analytically in model development. Therefore, both the time- and frequency-domain analysis can be conducted easily using a SPICE-like solver on the PEEC model. Two examples are given, one of which validates the accuracy of the proposed quasi-static PGF in a 2D periodic unit cell working at 0–12 GHz; the other demonstrates the superior performance in terms of model efficiency and stability by a Jerusalem-cross frequency selective surface (FSS) working at 0–20 GHz. The numerical results show that the proposed method is accurate and efficient in a wide band for metasurfaces made of two-dimensional periodic structures.
{"title":"PEEC Model Based on a Novel Quasi-Static Green's Function for Two-Dimensional Periodic Structures","authors":"Yang Jiang;Yuhang Dou;Richard Xian-Ke Gao","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3263686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3263686","url":null,"abstract":"A quasi-static periodic Green's function (PGF) is proposed for modeling and designing metasurfaces in the form of two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures. By introducing a novel quasi-static approximation on the full-wave PGF in the spectrum domain, the quasi-static PGF is derived that can retain the contribution from propagating and evanescent modes below resonant frequency by a second-order polynomial of frequency. Unlike full-wave PGF, the proposed quasi-static PGF polynomial coefficients are frequency-invariant. Consequently, it can save the modeling time significantly by calculating the coefficients only once for a frequency band of interest. Moreover, a quasi-static PEEC model is developed from the proposed quasi-static PGF. It circumvents the breakdown problem around near-zero frequencies since the singularity in PGF is separated in the quasi-static PGF and eliminated analytically in model development. Therefore, both the time- and frequency-domain analysis can be conducted easily using a SPICE-like solver on the PEEC model. Two examples are given, one of which validates the accuracy of the proposed quasi-static PGF in a 2D periodic unit cell working at 0–12 GHz; the other demonstrates the superior performance in terms of model efficiency and stability by a Jerusalem-cross frequency selective surface (FSS) working at 0–20 GHz. The numerical results show that the proposed method is accurate and efficient in a wide band for metasurfaces made of two-dimensional periodic structures.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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