Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3416688
Stephen D. Gedney;Nastaran Hendijani;John C. Young;Robert J. Adams
An integral equation formulation is presented for the modeling of the electrostatic fields surrounding arbitrary three-dimensional structures situated in a conducting layered medium. The layered Green's function for the electrostatic potential and the tensor Green's function for the gradient potential are derived. Closed forms for the 3D layered Green's functions are generated using a discrete complex image method (DCIM) approximation. Improved accuracy of the DCIM approximation is achieved using optimization for the computation of the DCIM poles and residues. The problem is discretized via a high-order locally corrected Nyström method with curvilinear cells. Several examples are shown that demonstrate the accuracy of the DCIM approximation for layered media with disparate layer spacing and conductivities for arbitrary 3D geometries.
{"title":"Electrostatic Boundary Integral Method for 3D Structures in a Layered Conducting Medium","authors":"Stephen D. Gedney;Nastaran Hendijani;John C. Young;Robert J. Adams","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3416688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3416688","url":null,"abstract":"An integral equation formulation is presented for the modeling of the electrostatic fields surrounding arbitrary three-dimensional structures situated in a conducting layered medium. The layered Green's function for the electrostatic potential and the tensor Green's function for the gradient potential are derived. Closed forms for the 3D layered Green's functions are generated using a discrete complex image method (DCIM) approximation. Improved accuracy of the DCIM approximation is achieved using optimization for the computation of the DCIM poles and residues. The problem is discretized via a high-order locally corrected Nyström method with curvilinear cells. Several examples are shown that demonstrate the accuracy of the DCIM approximation for layered media with disparate layer spacing and conductivities for arbitrary 3D geometries.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3386842
Jie Li;Min Tang;Lin-Sheng Wu;Liguo Jiang;Wenliang Dai;Junfa Mao
In this article, an efficient Laguerre-based alternating direction implicit (LB-ADI) approach is proposed for the transient thermal simulation of integrated chiplets and packages. The transient heat conduction equation is transformed into the Laguerre domain by the Laguerre basis functions and the Galerkin's testing method. With spatial discretization, the resulting matrix equation based on a marching-on-in-order scheme is established. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a new ADI approach in the Laguerre domain is developed. Only three tridiagonal matrices need to be solved in each order, which significantly reduces the simulation time and memory requirement. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by numerical results.
本文针对集成芯片和封装的瞬态热模拟，提出了一种高效的基于拉盖尔交替方向隐式（LB-ADI）方法。通过 Laguerre 基函数和 Galerkin 检验法，将瞬态热传导方程转换到 Laguerre 域。通过空间离散化，建立了基于阶内行进方案的矩阵方程。为了提高计算效率，开发了一种新的拉盖尔域 ADI 方法。每阶只需求解三个三对角矩阵，从而大大减少了模拟时间和内存需求。数值结果验证了所提方法的准确性和效率。
{"title":"LB-ADI: An Efficient Method for Transient Thermal Simulation of Integrated Chiplets and Packages","authors":"Jie Li;Min Tang;Lin-Sheng Wu;Liguo Jiang;Wenliang Dai;Junfa Mao","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3386842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3386842","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an efficient Laguerre-based alternating direction implicit (LB-ADI) approach is proposed for the transient thermal simulation of integrated chiplets and packages. The transient heat conduction equation is transformed into the Laguerre domain by the Laguerre basis functions and the Galerkin's testing method. With spatial discretization, the resulting matrix equation based on a marching-on-in-order scheme is established. In order to improve the computational efficiency, a new ADI approach in the Laguerre domain is developed. Only three tridiagonal matrices need to be solved in each order, which significantly reduces the simulation time and memory requirement. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by numerical results.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3385451
Yanan Liu;Hongliang Li;Jian-Ming Jin
In this article, we present an optimization method based on the hybridization of the genetic algorithm (GA) and gradient optimization (grad-opt) and facilitated by a physics-informed machine learning model. In the proposed method, the slow-but-global GA is used as a pre-screening tool to provide good initial values to the fast-but-local grad-opt. We introduce a robust metric to measure the goodness of the designs as starting points and use a set of control parameters to fine tune the optimization dynamics. We utilize the machine learning with analytic extension of eigenvalues (ML w/AEE) model to integrate the two pieces seamlessly and accelerate the optimization process by speeding up forward evaluation in GA and gradient calculation in grad-opt. We employ the divide-and-conquer strategy to further improve modeling efficiency and accelerate the design process and propose the use of a fusion module to allow for end-to-end gradient propagation. Two numerical examples are included to show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method, compared with traditional approaches.
在本文中，我们提出了一种基于遗传算法（GA）和梯度优化（grad-opt）混合的优化方法，并通过物理信息机器学习模型加以促进。在所提出的方法中，缓慢但全局的遗传算法被用作预筛选工具，为快速但局部的梯度优化提供良好的初始值。我们引入了一个稳健的指标来衡量作为起点的设计的优劣，并使用一组控制参数来微调优化动态。我们利用带有特征值分析扩展的机器学习（ML w/AEE）模型将两部分无缝集成，并通过加速 GA 中的前向评估和 grad-opt 中的梯度计算来加速优化过程。我们采用分而治之的策略进一步提高建模效率，加快设计过程，并建议使用融合模块来实现端到端的梯度传播。我们还列举了两个数值示例，以说明与传统方法相比，所提方法的稳健性和高效性。
{"title":"A Hybrid Electromagnetic Optimization Method Based on Physics-Informed Machine Learning","authors":"Yanan Liu;Hongliang Li;Jian-Ming Jin","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3385451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3385451","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present an optimization method based on the hybridization of the genetic algorithm (GA) and gradient optimization (grad-opt) and facilitated by a physics-informed machine learning model. In the proposed method, the slow-but-global GA is used as a pre-screening tool to provide good initial values to the fast-but-local grad-opt. We introduce a robust metric to measure the goodness of the designs as starting points and use a set of control parameters to fine tune the optimization dynamics. We utilize the machine learning with analytic extension of eigenvalues (ML w/AEE) model to integrate the two pieces seamlessly and accelerate the optimization process by speeding up forward evaluation in GA and gradient calculation in grad-opt. We employ the divide-and-conquer strategy to further improve modeling efficiency and accelerate the design process and propose the use of a fusion module to allow for end-to-end gradient propagation. Two numerical examples are included to show the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method, compared with traditional approaches.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10493126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3382725
Zhiwen Dong;Xinlei Chen;Fan Gao;Changqing Gu;Zhuo Li;Wu Yang;Weibing Lu
Using only the RWG functions, the combined source integral equation (CSIE) with weak form combined source condition can achieve fine accuracy and fast iterative convergence for conductor objects. However, compared with a conventional integral equation in the method of moments (MoM), the conventional CSIE involves more matrices and more complex numerical processing, and these make the CSIE inefficient, especially for multiple excitation problems. In this article, a characteristic basis function (CBF)-based CSIE with initial guess is proposed to mitigate this problem. The CBF is employed to reduce the number of unknowns as well as the storage consumptions and iteration time. In the meantime, an initial guess especially for CBFs is proposed to reduce iterations when solving multiple excitation problems. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"Efficient Iterative Solution of Combined Source Integral Equation Using Characteristic Basis Function Method With Initial Guess","authors":"Zhiwen Dong;Xinlei Chen;Fan Gao;Changqing Gu;Zhuo Li;Wu Yang;Weibing Lu","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3382725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3382725","url":null,"abstract":"Using only the RWG functions, the combined source integral equation (CSIE) with weak form combined source condition can achieve fine accuracy and fast iterative convergence for conductor objects. However, compared with a conventional integral equation in the method of moments (MoM), the conventional CSIE involves more matrices and more complex numerical processing, and these make the CSIE inefficient, especially for multiple excitation problems. In this article, a characteristic basis function (CBF)-based CSIE with initial guess is proposed to mitigate this problem. The CBF is employed to reduce the number of unknowns as well as the storage consumptions and iteration time. In the meantime, an initial guess especially for CBFs is proposed to reduce iterations when solving multiple excitation problems. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3399911
Kangshuai Du;Shilie He;Chengzhuo Zhao;Na Liu;Qing Huo Liu
A spectral element time-domain (SETD) method with perfectly matched layers (PML) is proposed to simulate the behavior of electron waves, interference effects and tunneling effects, in three-dimensional (3-D) devices by solving Schrödinger equation. The proposed method employs Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) polynomials to represent the wave function. Easy construction of higher-order element makes refinement straightforward and spectral accuracy can be obtained from the SETD. Meanwhile, by utilizing the GLL quadrature, a diagonal mass matrix is obtained which is meaningful in the time-stepping process. Numerical experiments confirm that, for open boundary problems, employing PML yields results characterized by high numerical efficiency, remarkable flexibility and ease of implementation. These findings underscore the effectiveness of SETD-PML in addressing the challenges posed by open boundary conditions, making it a reliable choice for numerical simulations. Some illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
{"title":"A 3-D Spectral Element Time-Domain Method With Perfectly Matched Layers for Transient Schrödinger Equation","authors":"Kangshuai Du;Shilie He;Chengzhuo Zhao;Na Liu;Qing Huo Liu","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3399911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3399911","url":null,"abstract":"A spectral element time-domain (SETD) method with perfectly matched layers (PML) is proposed to simulate the behavior of electron waves, interference effects and tunneling effects, in three-dimensional (3-D) devices by solving Schrödinger equation. The proposed method employs Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre (GLL) polynomials to represent the wave function. Easy construction of higher-order element makes refinement straightforward and spectral accuracy can be obtained from the SETD. Meanwhile, by utilizing the GLL quadrature, a diagonal mass matrix is obtained which is meaningful in the time-stepping process. Numerical experiments confirm that, for open boundary problems, employing PML yields results characterized by high numerical efficiency, remarkable flexibility and ease of implementation. These findings underscore the effectiveness of SETD-PML in addressing the challenges posed by open boundary conditions, making it a reliable choice for numerical simulations. Some illustrative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3397464
Jinghan Xu;Shengguo Xia;Hongdan Yang;Lixue Chen
The electrical contact between the armature and rail (A/R) in a railgun is acknowledged as a dynamic sliding interface, exhibiting properties distinct from bulk. This paper employs a 3-D finite element method (FEM) for coupled mechanical and electromagnetic analysis and proposes boundary conditions for dynamic sliding contact to investigate current distribution on the A/R interface. Results show that contact pressure and area have similar trends as the driving current, which confines current distributed areas. The current distributions on stationary and sliding interfaces reveal different patterns but the distributed areas both locate within the contact areas. In the case of the stationary scenario, the current concentrates at the trailing edge when the current increases and diffuses to the leading edge when the current declines. However, due to the velocity skin effect (VSE), the current fails to diffuse into the interior during all stages. Besides, comparative calculations with constant contact indicate that forced shifts of current occur when the contact is dynamic, dominating the current distributions of the A/R interface. Moreover, the influence of the VSE on forced shifts of current is notable, with significant current variations observed near the trailing edge, whereas those around the leading edge are less pronounced.
{"title":"Coupled Mechanical and Electromagnetic Analysis of Current on Armature and Rail Interface With Dynamic Contact","authors":"Jinghan Xu;Shengguo Xia;Hongdan Yang;Lixue Chen","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3397464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3397464","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical contact between the armature and rail (A/R) in a railgun is acknowledged as a dynamic sliding interface, exhibiting properties distinct from bulk. This paper employs a 3-D finite element method (FEM) for coupled mechanical and electromagnetic analysis and proposes boundary conditions for dynamic sliding contact to investigate current distribution on the A/R interface. Results show that contact pressure and area have similar trends as the driving current, which confines current distributed areas. The current distributions on stationary and sliding interfaces reveal different patterns but the distributed areas both locate within the contact areas. In the case of the stationary scenario, the current concentrates at the trailing edge when the current increases and diffuses to the leading edge when the current declines. However, due to the velocity skin effect (VSE), the current fails to diffuse into the interior during all stages. Besides, comparative calculations with constant contact indicate that forced shifts of current occur when the contact is dynamic, dominating the current distributions of the A/R interface. Moreover, the influence of the VSE on forced shifts of current is notable, with significant current variations observed near the trailing edge, whereas those around the leading edge are less pronounced.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3396801
Chandan Roy;Ke Wu
Mutual-coupling effects are of utmost importance in the development of high-frequency circuits and systems. However, it is a common practice to ignore those couplings when establishing equivalent circuit models. Neglecting these couplings leads to inaccurate circuit modelling. Therefore, it becomes imperative to account for mutual couplings in the development of accurate equivalent circuit models. This work presents a holistic process for synthesizing the equivalent circuit model of an electromagnetic (EM) field structure that incorporates mutual couplings of varying orders. The proposed high-order framework begins by developing equivalent circuit models for each individual transmission line discontinuity within the target circuit. Subsequently, the mutual couplings of different orders are extracted in a step-by-step manner. Throughout this process, full-wave EM simulations are deployed, along with a circuit parameter extraction method that utilizes de-embedded circuit responses. By combining these techniques, a comprehensive and accurate equivalent circuit model is generated, enabling a detailed analysis of the target field model structure, and facilitating a deeper understanding of its electrical and magnetic behavior and performance. This paper utilizes a three-step microstrip discontinuity structure and a third-order parallel coupled microstrip filter as examples for theoretical and experimental demonstration of the proposed technique.
{"title":"Equivalent Circuit Model Development Accounting for Mutual-Coupling Effects","authors":"Chandan Roy;Ke Wu","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3396801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3396801","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual-coupling effects are of utmost importance in the development of high-frequency circuits and systems. However, it is a common practice to ignore those couplings when establishing equivalent circuit models. Neglecting these couplings leads to inaccurate circuit modelling. Therefore, it becomes imperative to account for mutual couplings in the development of accurate equivalent circuit models. This work presents a holistic process for synthesizing the equivalent circuit model of an electromagnetic (EM) field structure that incorporates mutual couplings of varying orders. The proposed high-order framework begins by developing equivalent circuit models for each individual transmission line discontinuity within the target circuit. Subsequently, the mutual couplings of different orders are extracted in a step-by-step manner. Throughout this process, full-wave EM simulations are deployed, along with a circuit parameter extraction method that utilizes de-embedded circuit responses. By combining these techniques, a comprehensive and accurate equivalent circuit model is generated, enabling a detailed analysis of the target field model structure, and facilitating a deeper understanding of its electrical and magnetic behavior and performance. This paper utilizes a three-step microstrip discontinuity structure and a third-order parallel coupled microstrip filter as examples for theoretical and experimental demonstration of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3396823
Jonas Bundschuh;Yvonne Späck-Leigsnering;Herbert De Gersem
In conventional finite element simulations, foil windings with a thin foil and many turns require many mesh elements. This renders models quickly computationally infeasible. With the use of homogenization approaches, the finite element mesh does not need to resolve the small-scale structure of the foil winding domain. Present homogenization approaches take resistive and inductive effects into account. With an increase of the operation frequency of foil windings, however, capacitive effects between adjacent turns in the foil winding become relevant. This paper presents an extension to the standard foil winding model that covers the capacitive behavior of foil windings.
{"title":"Considering Capacitive Effects in Foil Winding Homogenization","authors":"Jonas Bundschuh;Yvonne Späck-Leigsnering;Herbert De Gersem","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3396823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3396823","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional finite element simulations, foil windings with a thin foil and many turns require many mesh elements. This renders models quickly computationally infeasible. With the use of homogenization approaches, the finite element mesh does not need to resolve the small-scale structure of the foil winding domain. Present homogenization approaches take resistive and inductive effects into account. With an increase of the operation frequency of foil windings, however, capacitive effects between adjacent turns in the foil winding become relevant. This paper presents an extension to the standard foil winding model that covers the capacitive behavior of foil windings.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10520880","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3372619
Huan Huan Zhang;Zheng Lang Jia;Peng Fei Zhang;Ying Liu;Li Jun Jiang;Da Zhi Ding
A electromagnetic-circuital-thermal-mechanical mu- ltiphysics numerical method is proposed for the simulation of microwave circuits. The discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method is adopted for electromagnetic simulation. The time-domain finite element method (FEM) is utilized for thermal simulation. The circuit equation is applied for circuit simulation. The mechanical simulation is also carried out by FEM method. A flexible and unified multiphysics field coupling mechanism is constructed to cover various electromagnetic, circuital, thermal and mechanical multiphysics coupling scenarios. Finally, three numerical examples emulating outer space environment, intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP) injection and high power microwave (HPM) illumination are utilized to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and capability of the proposed method. The proposed method provides a versatile and powerful tool for the design and analysis of microwave circuits characterized by intertwined electromagnetic, circuital, thermal and stress behaviors.
{"title":"Electromagnetic-Circuital-Thermal-Mechanical Multiphysics Numerical Simulation Method for Microwave Circuits","authors":"Huan Huan Zhang;Zheng Lang Jia;Peng Fei Zhang;Ying Liu;Li Jun Jiang;Da Zhi Ding","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3372619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3372619","url":null,"abstract":"A electromagnetic-circuital-thermal-mechanical mu- ltiphysics numerical method is proposed for the simulation of microwave circuits. The discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method is adopted for electromagnetic simulation. The time-domain finite element method (FEM) is utilized for thermal simulation. The circuit equation is applied for circuit simulation. The mechanical simulation is also carried out by FEM method. A flexible and unified multiphysics field coupling mechanism is constructed to cover various electromagnetic, circuital, thermal and mechanical multiphysics coupling scenarios. Finally, three numerical examples emulating outer space environment, intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP) injection and high power microwave (HPM) illumination are utilized to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and capability of the proposed method. The proposed method provides a versatile and powerful tool for the design and analysis of microwave circuits characterized by intertwined electromagnetic, circuital, thermal and stress behaviors.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3370729
Wei E. I. Sha;Zhihao Lan;Menglin L. N. Chen;Yongpin P. Chen;Sheng Sun
Angular momenta of electromagnetic waves are important both in concepts and applications. In this work, we systematically discuss two types of angular momenta, i.e., spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum in various cases, e.g., with source and without source, in classical and quantum forms. Numerical results demonstrating how to extract the topological charge of a classical vortex beam by spectral method are also presented.
{"title":"Spin and Orbital Angular Momenta of Electromagnetic Waves: From Classical to Quantum Forms","authors":"Wei E. I. Sha;Zhihao Lan;Menglin L. N. Chen;Yongpin P. Chen;Sheng Sun","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3370729","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JMMCT.2024.3370729","url":null,"abstract":"Angular momenta of electromagnetic waves are important both in concepts and applications. In this work, we systematically discuss two types of angular momenta, i.e., spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum in various cases, e.g., with source and without source, in classical and quantum forms. Numerical results demonstrating how to extract the topological charge of a classical vortex beam by spectral method are also presented.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10453653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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