Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.19
Kamen RIKEV
The paper argues that the period of limited poetic activity of the prominent Bulgarian author Atanas Dalchev in the years 1945–1965, should be regarded not only as a biographical, but rather a significant literary-historical topos. This period, most often described as “Dalchev’s silence” by literary historians and critics, is often discussed in relation to the author’s works, and inspires comparisons to other Bulgarian writers, such as Nikolay Liliev. The paper outlines the origin of the concept, its development and interpretations in the years 1966–1990, as well as its transformation into a metaphor for civil dignity. It refers to comments made by, among others, Panteley Zarev, Atanas Lazovski, Boris Delchev, Milena Tsaneva, Svetlozar Igov, Georgi Markov, Edvin Sugarev, Bozhidar Kunchev, Roman Hadzhikosev, Angel Igov, Noemi Stoichkova, Yordan Efftimov and Toni Nikolov. It is revealed that the notion of “silence” in regard to Dalchev’s post-war works can only be used conditionally. The analysis allows to conclude that while in the years of totalitarianism the breaking of Dalchev’s silence was willingly interpreted as a manifestation of a public (and politically correct) position, or even a kind of enlightenment of the poet about the radically changed political reality, after 1990, conversely, the concept became a sign of non-conformism expressed by creative and civil bravery.
{"title":"ATANAS DALCHEV’S SILENCE AS A LITERARY-HISTORICAL TOPOS","authors":"Kamen RIKEV","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.19","url":null,"abstract":"The paper argues that the period of limited poetic activity of the prominent Bulgarian author Atanas Dalchev in the years 1945–1965, should be regarded not only as a biographical, but rather a significant literary-historical topos. This period, most often described as “Dalchev’s silence” by literary historians and critics, is often discussed in relation to the author’s works, and inspires comparisons to other Bulgarian writers, such as Nikolay Liliev. The paper outlines the origin of the concept, its development and interpretations in the years 1966–1990, as well as its transformation into a metaphor for civil dignity. It refers to comments made by, among others, Panteley Zarev, Atanas Lazovski, Boris Delchev, Milena Tsaneva, Svetlozar Igov, Georgi Markov, Edvin Sugarev, Bozhidar Kunchev, Roman Hadzhikosev, Angel Igov, Noemi Stoichkova, Yordan Efftimov and Toni Nikolov. It is revealed that the notion of “silence” in regard to Dalchev’s post-war works can only be used conditionally. The analysis allows to conclude that while in the years of totalitarianism the breaking of Dalchev’s silence was willingly interpreted as a manifestation of a public (and politically correct) position, or even a kind of enlightenment of the poet about the radically changed political reality, after 1990, conversely, the concept became a sign of non-conformism expressed by creative and civil bravery.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.18
Kristína PAVLOVIČOVÁ
In addition to the motif of sexual abstinence and virginity, the dominant motif in Latin medieval legends is self-torture as an expression of an escape from the world and the suppression of corporeality. The narrator metatextually combines biblical quotations, or allusions with events from the saint’s life. In the description of their actions, a complementary updating addition to the biblical model of behavior is created. In the legend of St. Elizabeth, the saint consciously sets herself apart from the commonly expected attitudes with her reactions: she finds pleasure in humiliation and whipping, because from a moral point of view she considers the “punishments” to be deserved and likening her to Christ. Self-torture as a theme achieves here the depiction of sexual pleasure. The causes and objectives of self-torture have several interpretative variations that are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Hagiographic self-torture for religious reasons may thus appear as a phenomenon of sexual preferences. The author of the legend does not intentionally express the erotic and sexual preferences of the main character Elizabeth as a passive sufferer of pain, nor the character of master Conrad as an active executioner of punishments. Relevant events are described in the language of that time, which did not contain the means to name the sexual practices known in the culture of today. However, the author offers suggestions into the text, on the basis of which the presence of sexuality based on inversion, in which pain is transformed into pleasure, can be implied.
{"title":"FROM PAIN TO DELIGHT IN THE LEGEND ABOUT ST. ELIZABETH (COMPLEMENTARITY AND CONTRAST)","authors":"Kristína PAVLOVIČOVÁ","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.18","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the motif of sexual abstinence and virginity, the dominant motif in Latin medieval legends is self-torture as an expression of an escape from the world and the suppression of corporeality. The narrator metatextually combines biblical quotations, or allusions with events from the saint’s life. In the description of their actions, a complementary updating addition to the biblical model of behavior is created. In the legend of St. Elizabeth, the saint consciously sets herself apart from the commonly expected attitudes with her reactions: she finds pleasure in humiliation and whipping, because from a moral point of view she considers the “punishments” to be deserved and likening her to Christ. Self-torture as a theme achieves here the depiction of sexual pleasure. The causes and objectives of self-torture have several interpretative variations that are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Hagiographic self-torture for religious reasons may thus appear as a phenomenon of sexual preferences. The author of the legend does not intentionally express the erotic and sexual preferences of the main character Elizabeth as a passive sufferer of pain, nor the character of master Conrad as an active executioner of punishments. Relevant events are described in the language of that time, which did not contain the means to name the sexual practices known in the culture of today. However, the author offers suggestions into the text, on the basis of which the presence of sexuality based on inversion, in which pain is transformed into pleasure, can be implied.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.13
Valentyna MOISIUK
The author raises one of the important issues of cognitive linguistics, namely the representation and structuring of knowledge that a person receives during their life and discursive activity. This research is based on the «theory of mental spaces» (G. Fauconnier and M. Turner), according to which language appears not only as an object of human interpretation, but also as a constructive principle: it creates mental spaces and determines the relationship between them. Mental spaces reflect reality, ways of thinking and speech of speakers. The main purpose is to model the mental space of the French adjective vert, its usual and new images, which allow demonstrating the way of obtaining, processing and storing human knowledge. The choice of idioms as research material is explained by the fact that these units vividly reflect the mentality of the representatives of the language community, the peculiarities of their vision and understanding of reality, and also demonstrate the cognitive mechanisms during the generation of new nominative units. After analyzing the material, the author suggests that during the world perception and communication, mental spaces can build up structured information. They are divided into three spheres, each of which has its own images: sacred, profane and metaphorical. The study of new idioms showed that only 75% of them fit into the traditional model of the metaphorical sphere. The mental space of other units contains new images of the adjective vert, which complement different spheres and can further serve as the basis for the formation of new idioms.
{"title":"MENTAL SPACE AS A WAY OF PRESENTING AND STRUCTURING HUMAN KNOWLEDGE","authors":"Valentyna MOISIUK","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The author raises one of the important issues of cognitive linguistics, namely the representation and structuring of knowledge that a person receives during their life and discursive activity. This research is based on the «theory of mental spaces» (G. Fauconnier and M. Turner), according to which language appears not only as an object of human interpretation, but also as a constructive principle: it creates mental spaces and determines the relationship between them. Mental spaces reflect reality, ways of thinking and speech of speakers. The main purpose is to model the mental space of the French adjective vert, its usual and new images, which allow demonstrating the way of obtaining, processing and storing human knowledge. The choice of idioms as research material is explained by the fact that these units vividly reflect the mentality of the representatives of the language community, the peculiarities of their vision and understanding of reality, and also demonstrate the cognitive mechanisms during the generation of new nominative units. After analyzing the material, the author suggests that during the world perception and communication, mental spaces can build up structured information. They are divided into three spheres, each of which has its own images: sacred, profane and metaphorical. The study of new idioms showed that only 75% of them fit into the traditional model of the metaphorical sphere. The mental space of other units contains new images of the adjective vert, which complement different spheres and can further serve as the basis for the formation of new idioms.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"27 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.4
Elena Selivanova, Valentyna Kalko, Nikolay Kalko
The article is devoted to the investigation of such special designation type of words and idioms: the mythological ones. This type is characterized by the choice of formative stems from such fragment of ethnic consciousness, which is unfoundedly taken on trust, that is a myth in the narrow meaning of this term; myth units not removing superstitions, popular belief, signs, etc. A myth is irrational, axiomatic, unfounded cognitive structure, which has powerful ability of transfer by next people generations, informative stability, absence of depth of sense, tendency of disappearance and production of new myths and others like that. Mythological motivation is appropriated to the signs of cultural codes of animals and plants; also, idioms and proverbs can have propositional, associative-metaphorical and value statuses. Mythological motivation nominative units can be of propositional, metaphorical, or evaluative character. Thus, proposition that lies in the basis of mythological motivated words and expressions, is non-controversial. It establishes an unverified idea. Sometimes mythological nominative units can be of metaphorical nature. It is explained by the fact that a myth accumulates figurative layers and hides behind the metaphorical designations of its eventual canvas. The essence of such mythological motivation words and phraseological units in using signs of one cultural code or concept for designating others. Mythologemes can reflect the evaluation of certain nominative units by ethnic consciousness their subdivision on useful and harmful, good-looking and ugly. Evaluation derives mostly from folk beliefs and Christian mythology. Mythological motivation nominative units make it possible to penetrate into the remote layers of folk consciousness and ascertain its reflections in the ethnic culture.
{"title":"THE MOTIVATING FUNCTION OF MYTH: A COGNITIVE ONOMASIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Elena Selivanova, Valentyna Kalko, Nikolay Kalko","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the investigation of such special designation type of words and idioms: the mythological ones. This type is characterized by the choice of formative stems from such fragment of ethnic consciousness, which is unfoundedly taken on trust, that is a myth in the narrow meaning of this term; myth units not removing superstitions, popular belief, signs, etc. A myth is irrational, axiomatic, unfounded cognitive structure, which has powerful ability of transfer by next people generations, informative stability, absence of depth of sense, tendency of disappearance and production of new myths and others like that. Mythological motivation is appropriated to the signs of cultural codes of animals and plants; also, idioms and proverbs can have propositional, associative-metaphorical and value statuses. Mythological motivation nominative units can be of propositional, metaphorical, or evaluative character. Thus, proposition that lies in the basis of mythological motivated words and expressions, is non-controversial. It establishes an unverified idea. Sometimes mythological nominative units can be of metaphorical nature. It is explained by the fact that a myth accumulates figurative layers and hides behind the metaphorical designations of its eventual canvas. The essence of such mythological motivation words and phraseological units in using signs of one cultural code or concept for designating others. Mythologemes can reflect the evaluation of certain nominative units by ethnic consciousness their subdivision on useful and harmful, good-looking and ugly. Evaluation derives mostly from folk beliefs and Christian mythology. Mythological motivation nominative units make it possible to penetrate into the remote layers of folk consciousness and ascertain its reflections in the ethnic culture.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136070710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.12
Ayakoz KUTTYZHOLOVA, Milen FILIPOV
The Qazaq newspaper played a critical role in reviving the Kazakh national identity. It was the first socio-political media outlet produced in the Kazakh language, one of the deepest and strongest roots of contemporary Kazakh journalism. The Kazakh National Intelligentsia understood that, without education and language, protecting Kazakhs’ interests was doomed to failure. Kazakh people’s illiteracy was the main vulnerability of the. Therefore, new education was needed to relieve Kazakh people from illiteracy and direct them toward the perspective of Kazakh independence. This study aimed to explore the importance of education in The Qazaq during 1913-1918. To achieve this goal, the research focused on the quantity of coverage of issues such as education, language, religion, and tradition. The Qazaq’s primary function was to educate people via media by reporting on crucial problems in Kazakh education at the time. The newspaper covered issues such as education, religion, illiteracy among Kazakh people, scholarships for poor Kazakh children, schools and teaching problems; training of teachers; tuition for schools, exchanging programs abroad, modernization of school programs, publishing of textbooks for schools; funding of building new schools, religion, schools for Kazakh girls and training of female teachers, organized a boarding school for students, teaching methodologies and teaching in the Kazakh language, and syllabus for primary and high schools.
{"title":"THE EDUCATIONAL ROLE OF THE QAZAQ NEWSPAPER (1913 – 1918)","authors":"Ayakoz KUTTYZHOLOVA, Milen FILIPOV","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Qazaq newspaper played a critical role in reviving the Kazakh national identity. It was the first socio-political media outlet produced in the Kazakh language, one of the deepest and strongest roots of contemporary Kazakh journalism. The Kazakh National Intelligentsia understood that, without education and language, protecting Kazakhs’ interests was doomed to failure. Kazakh people’s illiteracy was the main vulnerability of the. Therefore, new education was needed to relieve Kazakh people from illiteracy and direct them toward the perspective of Kazakh independence. This study aimed to explore the importance of education in The Qazaq during 1913-1918. To achieve this goal, the research focused on the quantity of coverage of issues such as education, language, religion, and tradition. The Qazaq’s primary function was to educate people via media by reporting on crucial problems in Kazakh education at the time. The newspaper covered issues such as education, religion, illiteracy among Kazakh people, scholarships for poor Kazakh children, schools and teaching problems; training of teachers; tuition for schools, exchanging programs abroad, modernization of school programs, publishing of textbooks for schools; funding of building new schools, religion, schools for Kazakh girls and training of female teachers, organized a boarding school for students, teaching methodologies and teaching in the Kazakh language, and syllabus for primary and high schools.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"170 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136070985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.2
Tatyana Braga
The purpose of this paper is to present some results of a dissertation study dedicated to the peculiarities of the Modern Bulgarian Odessa Damaskins of the 18th century. The manuscripts are part of a collection known in science as the collection of Grigorovich. They were discovered during the scientific journey of the Slavist scholar to the Bulgarian lands (1844–1845). Today, they are stored in a book depository outside Bulgaria, which makes their research difficult. At the same time, the excerpted lexical material offers rich linguistic material for characterizing important aspects of the Old Bulgarian lexicon. The theoretical analysis and the practical work with the manuscripts show that the peculiarities of the Modern Bulgarian language and the trends of development in the 18th century need to be considered more broadly. There are a number of specific issues related to the Damaskin literature of the 18th century which have been little developed in the scientific literature and have not previously been the subject of description and analysis. The aim is to outline the general picture of the word composition of the studied manuscripts, taking into account the external and internal linguistic factors and phenomena that were important in the process of creating the written texts. All this, together with other lexical characteristics, allowed outlining sustainable trends in the linguistic specificity of Damaskin literature during the period. To build the concept of the article, various universal methods such as descriptive, analytical, comparative-historical methods were used.
{"title":"ON SOME LEXICAL PECULIARITIES IN ODESSA MODERN BULGARIAN DAMASKINS","authors":"Tatyana Braga","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to present some results of a dissertation study dedicated to the peculiarities of the Modern Bulgarian Odessa Damaskins of the 18th century. The manuscripts are part of a collection known in science as the collection of Grigorovich. They were discovered during the scientific journey of the Slavist scholar to the Bulgarian lands (1844–1845). Today, they are stored in a book depository outside Bulgaria, which makes their research difficult. At the same time, the excerpted lexical material offers rich linguistic material for characterizing important aspects of the Old Bulgarian lexicon. The theoretical analysis and the practical work with the manuscripts show that the peculiarities of the Modern Bulgarian language and the trends of development in the 18th century need to be considered more broadly. There are a number of specific issues related to the Damaskin literature of the 18th century which have been little developed in the scientific literature and have not previously been the subject of description and analysis. The aim is to outline the general picture of the word composition of the studied manuscripts, taking into account the external and internal linguistic factors and phenomena that were important in the process of creating the written texts. All this, together with other lexical characteristics, allowed outlining sustainable trends in the linguistic specificity of Damaskin literature during the period. To build the concept of the article, various universal methods such as descriptive, analytical, comparative-historical methods were used.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.15
Irina TIVYAEVA, Natalya CHEKMAEVA
The article discusses recent changes to the urban linguistic landscape that were instigated by the spread of the coronavirus infection and expedient public code introduced by city authorities to regulate life in the pandemic-stricken megalopolis. It focuses on relevant signs and images as new entities of the multimodal dialog between the city and its residents. While before 2019 city signs were elements of the city navigation system, the pandemic realities changed their status and role in urban linguistic landscape. The study is based on a dataset of visual records collected across Moscow’s public locations over the years 2020 through 2022. Empirical data are analyzed for their function, language form, and multimodal components. The results suggest that city signs conveying COVID-related messages to city residents perform four major functions: they warn about the virus and health risks, prescribe certain behavioral patterns, motivate to fight the pandemic, and inform about safety measures undertaken by city facilities and businesses. The functional specificity of city signs tends to determine their verbal and non-verbal representation. The study also explores the interplay of visual and verbal components in COVID-affected urban communication and offers insights into new discourse strategies adhered to by the megalopolis when interacting with different social groups in key pandemic moments.
{"title":"COVID-AFFECTED LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE: A CASE OF CITY SIGNS IN PUBLIC PLACES","authors":"Irina TIVYAEVA, Natalya CHEKMAEVA","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses recent changes to the urban linguistic landscape that were instigated by the spread of the coronavirus infection and expedient public code introduced by city authorities to regulate life in the pandemic-stricken megalopolis. It focuses on relevant signs and images as new entities of the multimodal dialog between the city and its residents. While before 2019 city signs were elements of the city navigation system, the pandemic realities changed their status and role in urban linguistic landscape. The study is based on a dataset of visual records collected across Moscow’s public locations over the years 2020 through 2022. Empirical data are analyzed for their function, language form, and multimodal components. The results suggest that city signs conveying COVID-related messages to city residents perform four major functions: they warn about the virus and health risks, prescribe certain behavioral patterns, motivate to fight the pandemic, and inform about safety measures undertaken by city facilities and businesses. The functional specificity of city signs tends to determine their verbal and non-verbal representation. The study also explores the interplay of visual and verbal components in COVID-affected urban communication and offers insights into new discourse strategies adhered to by the megalopolis when interacting with different social groups in key pandemic moments.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"853 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136070010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.14
Diyana GEORGIEVA
Sign languages are conventional communication systems that arise spontaneously in all deaf communities around the world. The current article offers a glimpse into the problem of the essence of a natural human language, which exists in a physical modality different from that inherent in vocal language, which has imposed its centuries-old monopoly as an object of study. The present theoretical study is aimed at building a comprehensive vision of sign languages, which, until recently, have been marginalized in research interests. A brief historical analysis of the whole cycle of arising research in the field of sign language linguistics is presented. A special focus is placed on the genealogical relationships of sign languages, the identification of which still remains in the realm of hypothetical reasoning, in contrast to spoken languages, where this is stated as a clearly defined scientific fact. A well-deserved place is given to the quantitative dimensions of sign languages in the contemporary world. Harmonized data collection in the world register of visual languages is clearly in a position of direct dependence on social and linguistic factors. The question of the non-homogeneous character of sign languages, determined by territorial and social variations, is also considered. Despite the contrasts identified at different linguistic levels, specific features inherently present in the deaf community can be found in the variations of visual languages.
{"title":"SIGN LANGUAGES AS CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS IN COMMUNICATION OF DEAF PEOPLE","authors":"Diyana GEORGIEVA","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Sign languages are conventional communication systems that arise spontaneously in all deaf communities around the world. The current article offers a glimpse into the problem of the essence of a natural human language, which exists in a physical modality different from that inherent in vocal language, which has imposed its centuries-old monopoly as an object of study. The present theoretical study is aimed at building a comprehensive vision of sign languages, which, until recently, have been marginalized in research interests. A brief historical analysis of the whole cycle of arising research in the field of sign language linguistics is presented. A special focus is placed on the genealogical relationships of sign languages, the identification of which still remains in the realm of hypothetical reasoning, in contrast to spoken languages, where this is stated as a clearly defined scientific fact. A well-deserved place is given to the quantitative dimensions of sign languages in the contemporary world. Harmonized data collection in the world register of visual languages is clearly in a position of direct dependence on social and linguistic factors. The question of the non-homogeneous character of sign languages, determined by territorial and social variations, is also considered. Despite the contrasts identified at different linguistic levels, specific features inherently present in the deaf community can be found in the variations of visual languages.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"21 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.1
Yana Chankova
The present paper discusses the word order alternatives attested with OIce double object constructions of the type gefa einhverjum frelsi ‘give someone freedom’ found in the ONP (https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php) within a largely Minimalist syntactic framework (Chomsky (1995) and beyond). Specifically, this study draws on theoretical assumptions borrowed from sources in the area of the movement approach to modified word order types in the early Germanic languages (e.g. Eythórsson (1995); Haugan (2001)). The paper starts off with an analysis of base-generated post-VP indirect object (Dat) – frelsi (Acc) order and proceeds to an account of modified orders derived by VP-internal Scrambling, short-distance Scrambling, and Topicalization, wherein the direct object frelsi is claimed to have moved leftwards from its base position. The author of the paper argues that leftward dislocation takes frelsi to various target positions, i.e. an adjunction position in the left periphery of VP (resulting from VP-internal Scrambling), an adjunction position in the left periphery of vP (as a result of shortdistance Scrambling), the specifier position of CP (consequent upon Topicalization). The objective of the paper is to analyze the conditions, under which the above displacement operations apply, the structural configurations, derived by leftward movement and the properties of the ex-situ positions, targeted by frelsi.
{"title":"“GIVING SOMEONE FREEDOM” IN OLD ICELANDIC IN MINIMALIST SYNTACTIC TERMS","authors":"Yana Chankova","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper discusses the word order alternatives attested with OIce double object constructions of the type gefa einhverjum frelsi ‘give someone freedom’ found in the ONP (https://onp.ku.dk/onp/onp.php) within a largely Minimalist syntactic framework (Chomsky (1995) and beyond). Specifically, this study draws on theoretical assumptions borrowed from sources in the area of the movement approach to modified word order types in the early Germanic languages (e.g. Eythórsson (1995); Haugan (2001)). The paper starts off with an analysis of base-generated post-VP indirect object (Dat) – frelsi (Acc) order and proceeds to an account of modified orders derived by VP-internal Scrambling, short-distance Scrambling, and Topicalization, wherein the direct object frelsi is claimed to have moved leftwards from its base position. The author of the paper argues that leftward dislocation takes frelsi to various target positions, i.e. an adjunction position in the left periphery of VP (resulting from VP-internal Scrambling), an adjunction position in the left periphery of vP (as a result of shortdistance Scrambling), the specifier position of CP (consequent upon Topicalization). The objective of the paper is to analyze the conditions, under which the above displacement operations apply, the structural configurations, derived by leftward movement and the properties of the ex-situ positions, targeted by frelsi.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"21 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.10
Mykola KARPIK, Oleksandr TVERDOKHLIB
We consider the impact of media discourse on linguistic culture, focusing on the Austrian press and its role in development of the Austrian national version of German; we analyze the current research of the Austrian German standard, conducted on the material of modern journalism; we identify the main lexical processes that occur in modern Austrian German and are reflected in the media discourse; we substantiate the presence of convergent and divergent features in the functioning of Austrian German. The aim of the article is to reveal the features of Austrian media discourse and to identify the main processes taking place in the language of the Austrian press at the lexical level, in particular the use of Austriacisms and Teutonisms, as well as regionally marked lexical-morphological and phraseological units. We see its relevance in identifying trends in the development of pluricentric language and in elucidating the impact of media discourse on it. Thus, influence of mass media (especially of the press) on development of the Austrian national version of German is undeniable. It manifests itself in the fact that mass media, which are published in Germany, are a source of penetration of the new linguistic phenomena into the Austrian German. As a rule, this relationship is not symmetrical: German is the donor language for the Austrian German, which in this situation is the recipient language. In general, the linguistic colour of the national media is of great importance for the functioning and further development of the divergent version of German in Austria.
{"title":"AUSTRIAN MEDIA DISCOURSE AS REFLECTION OF CULTURAL-LINGUISTIC BEING OF THE ETHNOS","authors":"Mykola KARPIK, Oleksandr TVERDOKHLIB","doi":"10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the impact of media discourse on linguistic culture, focusing on the Austrian press and its role in development of the Austrian national version of German; we analyze the current research of the Austrian German standard, conducted on the material of modern journalism; we identify the main lexical processes that occur in modern Austrian German and are reflected in the media discourse; we substantiate the presence of convergent and divergent features in the functioning of Austrian German. The aim of the article is to reveal the features of Austrian media discourse and to identify the main processes taking place in the language of the Austrian press at the lexical level, in particular the use of Austriacisms and Teutonisms, as well as regionally marked lexical-morphological and phraseological units. We see its relevance in identifying trends in the development of pluricentric language and in elucidating the impact of media discourse on it. Thus, influence of mass media (especially of the press) on development of the Austrian national version of German is undeniable. It manifests itself in the fact that mass media, which are published in Germany, are a source of penetration of the new linguistic phenomena into the Austrian German. As a rule, this relationship is not symmetrical: German is the donor language for the Austrian German, which in this situation is the recipient language. In general, the linguistic colour of the national media is of great importance for the functioning and further development of the divergent version of German in Austria.","PeriodicalId":52180,"journal":{"name":"Ezikov Svyat","volume":"99 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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